These are lists of church buildings in

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

, based on: * Completion year of the building * Region Around 10% of Indonesia's total population are Christians, and there are approximately 61,000 churches across Indonesia. This list strictly only includes notable church buildings and their historic significance in Indonesian history.

History

AMH-7245-KB Three views of buildings in Batavia

In Indonesia, church buildings in the first stage of their creation were simple, shed-like structures, built from bamboo or wood. Once sizable congregations had been established, more permanent buildings were erected, which seated hundreds or even over a thousand.

Precolonial era

There is evidence of the presence of Christian communities (the ancient Church of the East) in north Sumatra as early as the 7th century.

Portuguese arrival in Indonesia

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in Indonesia. They sought to dominate the sources of valuable spices and to extend their

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

missionary A missionary is a member of a religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Thomas Hale 'On Being a Mi ...

efforts.

Francis Xavier Francis Xavier (born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta; Latin: ''Franciscus Xaverius''; Basque: ''Frantzisko Xabierkoa''; French: ''François Xavier''; Spanish: ''Francisco Javier''; Portuguese: ''Francisco Xavier''; 7 April 15063 December ...

was the most well-known Portuguese missionary in the archipelago, the mission began in 1534 when some chiefs from Morotai came to Ternate asking to be baptised. He later returned to Moluccas and spent his time at

Halmahera Halmahera, formerly known as Jilolo, Gilolo, or Jailolo, is the largest island in the Maluku Islands. It is part of the North Maluku province of Indonesia, and Sofifi, the capital of the province, is located on the west coast of the island. Ha ...

Ternate Ternate is a city in the Indonesian province of North Maluku and an island in the Maluku Islands. It was the ''de facto'' provincial capital of North Maluku before Sofifi on the nearby coast of Halmahera became the capital in 2010. It is off the ...

and

Amboina Amboyna or amboina may refer to: * ''Amboyna'' (play), a play by John Dryden *Amboyna massacre, in 1623 in Indonesia * Amboina box turtle (''Cuora amboinensis''), of Asia * Amboina king parrot (''Alisterus amboinensis''), of Indonesia * ''Amboyn ...

in 1546–1547, baptizing several thousand locals. Dutch documents state that nearly all inhabitants of Ambon were Catholics, introduced by the Portuguese Jesuits, mostly arrived from Goa. Ambon had four fine church buildings and a small hospital, La Misericordia. The Jesuit Church of St. James was from mid-1605 used for Protestant services. In 1630 it was replaced by a stone building called St. Paul's Church.

Dutch East India company in Indonesia

AMH-7029-KB View of the new Dutch church on Batavia

Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

in Indonesia came into a dark age when the Protestant-Dutch VOC defeated the Portuguese and took over their possession at Mollucas in 1605 and Solor in 1613.

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...

or ''Vereniging Oost Indie Compagnie (VOC)'' suppressed the Catholic religion within their conquered territories and banned any Catholic missionary activities. Many Catholics were forcibly converted to Protestantism and Catholic churches were changed for Protestant purposes. As a result of their successful campaign in the East Indies and strong sentiment against the Catholics, many of the earliest surviving well-documented church buildings in the Indonesian archipelago are Protestant churches; most of them are concentrated along the north coast of

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...

and the islands of

Moluccas The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...

. Enslaved Catholics are also encouraged to adapt Protestantism and Dutch sounding names. This happened to the

Mardijker people The Mardijker people refers to an ethnic community in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) made up of descendants of freed slaves. They could be found at all major trading posts in the East Indies. They were mostly Christian, of various ...

(who were a Portuguese speaking creole group) in

Batavia Batavia may refer to: Historical places * Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands * Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...

and

Depok en, Starfruit City , motto = ''Pariraca Darma''(Servant of the righteousness) , image_map = Map of West Java highlighting Depok City.svg , mapsize = , map_caption ...

. Catholicism didn't have any particular rights in Indonesia until 1808 under governor general Daendels, during the French occupation of the Netherlands. AMH-4642-NA The chapel at Batavia Castle

AMH-4642-NA The chapel at Batavia Castle

, few of the earliest

Protestant church Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...

structures in Indonesia are well documented. The first church building in the city was a provisional church, erected in 1625 together with the earlier city hall. In 1632 the foundation for a proper church was laid. This was followed by the first stone to be laid in 1640 and the building, known as Oude Hollandse Kerk ("Old Holland Church"), was finished in 1643. The Old Holland Church was later expanded and renamed "Nieuw Hollandse kerk" ("New Holland Church") in 1736. The new church was shaped octagonally according to Calvinism's focus on the sermon and had a domed roof. The church was toppled by an earthquake in 1808, and the remains were completely demolished by Governor General Daendels to obtain building materials for a new government center in Weltevreden. The base of the church can be seen in the

Wayang Museum The Wayang Museum ( id, Museum Wayang) is a museum dedicated to Javan wayang puppetry. The museum is located in Kota Tua, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of several museums and galleries facing the Fatahillah Square, which include Jakarta History ...

. In 1644, Governor General

Antonio van Diemen Anthony van Diemen (also ''Antonie'', ''Antonio'', ''Anton'', ''Antonius'') (1593 – 19 April 1645) was a Dutch colonial governor. Early life He was born in Culemborg in the Netherlands, the son of Meeus Anthonisz van Diemen and Christina Hoe ...

built a chapel in

Batavia Castle Batavia Castle ( nl, Kasteel Batavia, ) was a fort located at the mouth of Ciliwung River in Jakarta. Batavia Castle was the administrative center of Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Asia. Batavia Castle was also the residence of the Governor G ...

at his own expense. Already in 1633, a simple wooden church with straw roof had been built for services in Malay. The Portuguese Binnenkerk (Portuguese church inside the city walls) was built between 1669 and 1672, initially for Malay services, but also to meet the needs of the Portuguese-speaking Christians. Another Portuguese-language church was built outside the city walls in 1695, the Portuguese Buitenkerk, now

Gereja Sion Gereja Sion (Indonesian for "Sion Church") is a historic church located in Pinangsia Administrative District, Taman Sari, Jakarta, Indonesia. Dating from 1695, it is the oldest church still standing in Jakarta. History The church was formerl ...

, the oldest surviving church building in Indonesia. On 18 May 1696, a former VOC officer Cornelis Chastelein bought the land with an area of 12.44 km2, 6.2% the area of today's Depok. There he established the first of its kind in Java, a Protestant congregation consisting of native Indonesians which was named De Eerste Protestante Organisatie van Christenen (DEPOC). , dating back to 1714, can still be seen standing. Its church bell was made in 1675.

Dutch East Indies and post-independent Indonesia

In 1799 VOC officially went bankrupt and was dissolved in 1800 with its possessions taken over by the Dutch crown as the Dutch East Indies. Later in 1817, the Dutch government founded the Protestantsche Kerk in Nederlandsch-Indie ("Indische Kerk") as a union of Reformed,

Lutheran Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Cathol ...

, Baptists, Arminian and

Mennonite Mennonites are groups of Anabaptist Christian church communities of denominations. The name is derived from the founder of the movement, Menno Simons (1496–1561) of Friesland. Through his writings about Reformed Christianity during the Radi ...

denominations. During the 18th to 19th century the new architectural trends were

Neoclassical architecture Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France. It became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. The prevailing style ...

. Examples of these were Batavia's Immanuel Church, Semarang's

Blenduk Church The Protestant Church in Western Indonesia Immanuel Semarang (''Gereja Protestan Indonesia Barat Immanuel Semarang''), better known as Blenduk Church (''Gereja Blenduk'') is a Protestant church in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Built in 1753, ...

and GKJ Mojowarno. Missionary activities increased with territorial gain. Works were mostly aimed to convert native Animist population such as the

Bataks Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, ...

, Torajans, Minahasans,

Papuans The indigenous peoples of West Papua in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, commonly called Papuans, are Melanesians. There is genetic evidence for two major historical lineages in New Guinea and neighboring islands: a first wave from the Malay Arch ...

and

Dayaks The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are one of the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each w ...

(who today form the Christian majority of both Catholic and Protestant). These missionaries established many mission churches, schools and institutions across the country. In the late 19th century until the end of the Dutch rule in 1942, Indonesia followed the

Neogothic architecture Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...

that was common in Europe at that time. The best example of neogothic architecture built in Indonesia is

Jakarta Cathedral Jakarta Cathedral ( id, Gereja Katedral Jakarta, nl, Kathedraal van Jakarta) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Jakarta, Indonesia, which is also the seat of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Jakarta, currently Archbishop Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoat ...

Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...

and its various Dutch architectural branches, such as the

Amsterdam School The Amsterdam School (Dutch: ''Amsterdamse School'') is a style of architecture that arose from 1910 through about 1930 in the Netherlands. The Amsterdam School movement is part of international Expressionist architecture, sometimes linked ...

Nieuwe Zakelijkheid Nieuwe Zakelijkheid, translated as New Objectivity or New Pragmatism, is a Dutch period of modernist architecture that started in the 1920s and continued into the 1930s. The term is also used to denote a (brief) period in art and literature (especi ...

, became the new fashion of the

Indies The East Indies (or simply the Indies), is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies refers to various lands in the East or the Eastern hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around ...

during this period. A few examples of this architectural influence on churches are Bandung's Bethel church, Jakarta's St Joseph's Church, Semarang's Cathedral and Zion Church of

Tomohon Tomohon is a city in North Sulawesi ('' Sulawesi Utara'') Province, in central Indonesia. It covers an area of 147.21 km2, and had a population of 91,553 at the 2010 Census,Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. rising to 100,587 at the 2020 Cen ...

. Apart from Art Deco as a form of modernism, there were also attempts by many Dutch architect to modernize the indigenous architecture by creating a synthesized form of architecture which combined Western architecture with indigenous Indonesian elements. In 1936,

Henri Maclaine Pont Henri Maclaine Pont (Meester Cornelis, Batavia, 21 June 1884 – The Hague, 3 December 1971) was a Dutch architect and archaeologist active in Indonesia, acclaimed for his synthesis of Javanese and western architecture. He is seen as the "f ...

designed the Pohsarang Church in Kediri, which incorporated Hindu-Buddhist elements into a Western building. This legacy lived on even after the independence of Indonesia, and was applied to various public buildings, including churches in the country. In 1972, native Balinese I Wayan Mastra became head of the Balinese Protestant church, and began a process of Balinization. When Blimbingsari church, a basic stone and wood building, was destroyed by earthquake in 1976, it was rebuilt in more Balinese pendopo style, with a garden with running water, traditional Balinese entrance and a semi-open aspect. A similar trend occurred in other islands, such as Batak Karo architecture of St. Francis Asisi's Church in

Berastagi Berastagi ( nl, Brastagi), is a town and district of Karo Regency situated on a crossroads on the main route linking the Karo highlands of Northern Sumatra to the coastal city of Medan. Berastagi town is located around south of Medan and abou ...

, and the

Ganjuran Church The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus ( id, Gereja Hati Kudus Yesus), also known as the Ganjuran Church ( id, Gereja Ganjuran), is a Roman Catholic church located in Ganjuran, Bantul, Java, Indonesia. It is the oldest church in its administra ...

, which used Javanese Joglo architecture. Many Indonesian Protestants tend to congregate based more on ethnicity than liturgical differences. As a result, after the independence of Indonesia the Protestant Church of Indonesia was broke down into various denominations based on ethnicity, resulting in a relatively higher number of Protestant denomination per capita in the country. This was also due to the cultural and languages preferences among each of the different ethnic groups in Indonesia.

Today

Although Protestantism and Catholicism are two of the six recognized religions in Indonesia, prosecution against Christians is common in the country. Many of the conflicts are linked to the extremist groups in the country. In 1999, the

Maluku sectarian conflict The Maluku Islands sectarian conflict was a period of ethno-political conflict along religious lines, which spanned the Indonesian islands that compose the Maluku archipelago, with particularly serious disturbances in Ambon and Halmahera islan ...

occurred, a religion and ethnicity based violence which claimed many lives of both Muslims and Christians. During this event the historic Immanuel Church in Hila was destroyed; however, it was later rebuilt with the help of the Muslim community. Another church in Ambon was set on fire in 2011, forcing the people inside to flee. In December 2011, GKI Taman Yasmin had been sealed. Local authorities refused to lift a ban on the activities of the church, despite an order from the Supreme Court of Indonesia. Local authorities persecuted the Christian church for four years. In 2013 another church in Bekasi was forced to shut down due to the lack of an official permit for building the premise. While the state has ordered religious tolerance, it has not enforced these orders to protect the religious minority in the country. Three churches were burned and damaged in

Temanggung Temanggung Regency ( id, Kabupaten Temanggung) is a regency in the Central Java Province of Indonesia. It covers a land area of 870.65 km2 and had a population of 708,546 at the 2010 Census and 790,174 at the 2020 Census. Its capital is the town ...

, Central Java in 2011, as Christians were accused of distributing pamphlets that were "insulting" Islam. In Aceh where Sharia law is applied, it is against Governor Regulation No. 25/2007 about Guidelines for the Construction of Houses of Worship. In the regulations, the construction of a church in Aceh requires 150 congregations to apply for a church construction permit. Indonesia is also notorious for its church bombing by extremists on Christmas Eve of 2000.

Oldest churches in Indonesia

Below is a list of oldest church buildings in Indonesia based on year of completion. To be listed here, the completion of the church building needs to be at least before the 20th century. Churches with alterations which completely changed their appearance after the 20th century should not be placed in this table.

Largest churches in Indonesia

Below is a list of the largest church buildings in Indonesia, based on capacity. To be listed here, the building's capacity must exceed 5,000 and the building must be used exclusively for church-related activities.

By region

Java

DKI Jakarta * Gereja Lahai Roi, Cijantung (1930) * All Saints Anglican Church (1819). * Simultan Church, Menteng Pulo (1950) * GKI Kwitang Church (established 1877, current form 1924, formerly known as "Gereformeerd Kwitang") * GPIB Immanuel Church (1839, formerly known as "Willemskerk") * GPIB Pniel Church (1915, formerly known as "Haantjeskerk") * GPIB Koinonia Church (1916, formerly known as "Bethelkerk") * GPIB Paulus Church (1936, formerly known as "Nassaukerk") * GPIB Sion Church (1695, formerly known as "Portugeesche Kerk") *

(1901, official name: The Church of Our Lady Assumption) *

Messiah Cathedral Messiah Cathedral ( id, Katedral Mesias) is an Indonesian megachurch of the predominantly Indonesian-Chinese Indonesian Reformed Evangelical Church ( id, Gereja Reformed Injili Indonesia (GRII)) in Kemayoran, Jakarta. It was opened on 20 Septem ...

* St. Anthony of Padua's Church (1895) * St. Joseph's Church, Matraman (1909) * St. Theresia's Church (1934) * GPIB Tugu Church (1748) File:Gereja_Santo_Yoseph%2C_Matraman%2C_Jatinegara%2C_Jakarta.jpg, St. Joseph's Church in Matraman File:GPIB Paulus 2013.jpg, St. Paul's Protestant Church in

Menteng Menteng is the south-central district of Central Jakarta, one of the administrative municipalities in the capital city Jakarta, Indonesia. The nexus of its heritage is the Menteng neighbourhood (Project), a new urban design developed mainly i ...

File:St-Theresia-Jakarta.png, St. Theresia Church in Menteng File:Gerejaayam.jpg, Gereja Pniel, popularly known as Gereja Ayam, "Cock Church" in Jakarta File:Bethelkerk_1910.jpg, Koinonia Church in the 1910s, then known as "Bethelkerk" West Java * Bandung Cathedral, Bandung (1922, official name: St. Peter's Cathedral) * Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of Seven Sorrows Church, Pandu, Bandung (1935, locally known as "Gereja Pandu") * GKI Taman Cibunut Church, Bandung (1916) * GPIB Bethel Church, Bandung (1924) * GPIB Maranatha Church, Bandung (1927) * St. Albanus Free Catholic Church, Bandung (1920) * Bogor Cathedral, Bogor (1896, official name: St. Mary the virgin Cathedral) * GPIB Zebaoth Church, Bogor (1920) * Pasundan Christian Church (GKP), Palalangon,

Cianjur Regency Cianjur Regency is a regency ''(kabupaten)'' of West Java, Indonesia. The area of the regency is 3,614.35 km2 and its population at the 2010 Census was 2,171,281; the 2020 Census produced a total of 2,477,560 and the official estimate as at m ...

(1902) * St. Ignatius Church,

Cimahi Cimahi () is a landlocked city located immediately west of the larger city of Bandung, in West Java Province, Indonesia and within the Bandung Metropolitan Area. It covers an area of 40.37 km2 and had a population at the 2010 Census of 541,1 ...

(1906–1908) * Pasundan Christian Church (GKP),

Cirebon Cirebon (, formerly rendered Cheribon or Chirebon in English) is a port city on the northern coast of the Indonesian island of Java. It is the only coastal city of West Java, located about 40 km west of the provincial border with Central J ...

(around 1788, became a church in 1864) * St. Joseph's Church, Cirebon (1880) * ,

Depok en, Starfruit City , motto = ''Pariraca Darma''(Servant of the righteousness) , image_map = Map of West Java highlighting Depok City.svg , mapsize = , map_caption ...

(1998, contain a bell dating back to 1675) (established in 1714, destroyed by earthquake in 1834 and rebuilt in 1854, later expanded in 1980 and 1998 due to overcapacity) * St. Mary the Immaculate Church,

Garut Garut is a district and town in West Java of Indonesia, and the former capital of Garut Regency. It is located about 75 km to the southeast of the major city of Bandung. History The modern history of Garut started on March 2, 1811 when Balub ...

(1917) * GKI Indramayu Church,

Indramayu Indramayu ( jv, ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦿꦩꦪꦸ; zh, 南麻由), named after the God Indra, is a town and district which serves as the capital of Indramayu Regency in the West Java province of Indonesia, and is located in the northern coastal area of ...

(1912) * Trial of Christ's Church, Sukabumi (1911) * Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish Church,

Tasikmalaya en, Neaty City , nickname = nl, Delhi Van Java en, Delhi of Java , image_skyline = , imagesize = , image_caption = Clockwise from the top: Great Mosque of Tasi ...

(established 1931, current structure 1955) File:Zebaoth 100609-2801 bo.jpg, GPIB Zebaoth in Bogor File:Katedral 100609-2804 bo.jpg, Bogor Cathedral File:GerejaPanduBandung.JPG, Parochial Church of Pandu File:Bandung_Cathedral_Indonesia.jpg, Bandung Cathedral, designed by

Wolff Schoemaker Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker (25 July 1882 – 22 May 1949) was a Dutch people, Dutch architect who designed several distinguished Art Deco buildings in Bandung, Indonesia, including the Villa Isola and Hotel Preanger. He has been described ...

File:GPIB_Bethel_Bandung.JPG, Bandung Bethel Church, designed by Wolff Schoemaker in a

new style Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 158 ...

Central Java * St. Willibrordus's Church, Cepu, Cepu district,

Blora Regency Blora ( jv, ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦫ) is a regency in the northeastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Blora. The regency is located in the easternmost part of Central Java, and borders thGoa Terawang engawan Solo River and ...

(1930) * Javanese Gospel Church (GITJ), Donorojo,

Jepara Regency Jepara ( jv, ꦗꦼꦥꦫ) is a regency in the northeast of the Indonesian province of Central Java. It covers an area of 1,004.13 km2 and had a population of 1,097,280 at the 2010 census and 1,184,947 at the 2020 census. Its capital is Jep ...

(1935) * GPIB Beth-el Church, Magelang (1817) * GPIB Beth-el Kebon Polo Church, Magelang (1927) * Javanese Christian Church (GKJ), Magelang (1921) * St. Joseph the worker's Church, Mertoyudan, Magelang (1911) * St. Ignatius Church, Magelang (established 1899, expanded in 1926 and later damaged by conflict, current form are from 1962) * GPIB Griya Mulya Church,

Purworejo Purworejo is a regency ( id, kabupaten) in the southern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,034.82 km2 and had a population of 695,427 at the 2010 Census and 769,880 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate ...

(1879) * Javanese Christian Church (GKJ), Jenar,

(1933)Mentioned on the facade of the building. * St. Mary the Virgin Church, Purworejo (1927) * St. Anthony's Church,

Muntilan The Muntilan area is a district ( ''kecamatan'') in the Magelang Regency, Central Java. Muntilan is about 15 km south of Magelang, 10 km from Mungkid, 25 km north of Yogyakarta, and 90 km from the main town of Semarang located on the northern coast ...

(established in 1862, current structure 1911) * GPIB Tamansari Church,

Salatiga Salatiga ( jv, ꦯꦭꦠꦶꦒ) is a city in Central Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of and had a population of 192,322 at the 2020 Census. Located between the cities of Semarang and Surakarta, and administratively an independent c ...

(1823) * Javanese Christian Central-Northern Church (GKJTU), Salatiga (1918) * St. Paul Miki's Church, Salatiga (1928) * St. Joseph's Church,

Ambarawa Ambarawa is a town (and administratively, a district of the Semarang Regency) located between the city of Semarang and Salatiga in Central Java, Indonesia. Administratively, it is bordered by the districts of Banyubiru to the south, Jambu to the ...

Semarang Regency Semarang is a landlocked regency ( id, kabupaten) in Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 950.207 km2 and had a population of 930,727 at the 2010 census,Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. 999,817 at the 2015 census and ...

(1924, locally known as "Gereja Jago") * GPIB Immanuel Church, Semarang (1753, current form 1894) * GKI Gereformeerd Church, Semarang (1918) * Holy Rosary Cathedral, Semarang (1927) * Holy Family Atmodirono Church, Semarang (1940) *

St. Joseph's Church, Semarang St. Joseph's Church (Indonesian: ), also known as Gedangan Church, is a Catholic church in Semarang, Indonesia, the first such church in the city. Administratively, it is part of the St. Joseph's Parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Semar ...

(1875) * GPIB Penabur Church, Surakarta (1980) (The church was built over an older Calvinist church known as ''Indische Kerk'' (1832). The older church was destroyed by a flood in 1966) * Javanese Christian Church Margoyudan (GKJ), Surakarta (1916) * St. Anthony's Church, Surakarta (1905) * St. Peter's Church, Surakarta (1938) File:Gereja Santo Petrus Solo 2011 Bennylin 04.jpg, St. Peter's Church of Surakarta. File:Gereja Santo Antonius Purbayan Solo by Bennylin 02.jpg, St. Anthony's Church of Surakarta. File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Straatgezicht bij de Gereformeerde kerk TMnr 60026219.jpg, GKI Gereformeerde Church in Semarang. File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kerk te Rembang TMnr 60025445.jpg, Protestant Church in Rembang, now functioning as public library. File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Straatgezicht met de rooms-katholieke kerk in Mendoet TMnr 10016589.jpg, Catholic Church in Mendut village in 1928. East Java * St. Joseph's Church,

Blitar Blitar is a landlocked city in East Java, Indonesia, about 73 km from Malang and 167 km from Surabaya. The area lies within longitude 111° 40' – 112° 09' East and its latitude is 8° 06' South. The city of Blitar lies at an altitude ...

(1931) * St. John the Evangelist's Church, Bondowoso (1935–1936) * Jawi Wetan Christian Church (GKJW), Mojowarno,

Jombang Regency Jombang Regency ( id, Kabupaten Jombang; jv, ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ) is a regency of East Java, Indonesia, situated to the southwest of Surabaya. The capital of the regency is the town of Jombang. The regency has an area o ...

(1881) * , Pohsarang village (1936), Kediri * GPIB Immanuel Church, Kediri (1904, Known locally as Gereja Merah or "red church") * Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Malang (1934) * Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Malang (1905, tower added in the 1930s, locally known as Gereja Kayutangan) * GPIB Immanuel Church, Malang (1912) * Jawi Wetan Christian Church (GKJW), Peniwen,

Malang Regency The Malang Regency is a regency in East Java, Indonesia. Malang Regency is the second largest regency in East Java after Banyuwangi Regency, with a total area of 3,530.65 km2. Malang is rich in potential for agriculture, medicinal plants an ...

* St. Cornelius Church, Madiun (established 1899, current form 1937) * GPIB Immanuel Church,

Probolinggo Probolinggo ( id, Kota Probolinggo, mad, Prabâlingghâ) is a city on the north coast of East Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 56.67 sq. km, and had a population of 217,062 at the 2010 census and 239,649 at the 2020 census ...

(1862) (Known locally as Gereja Merah or "red church") * GPIB Pniel Church,

Pasuruan Pasuruan ( nl, Pasoeroean) is a city in East Java, Java, Indonesia. It had a population of 186,262 at the 2010 Census and 208,006 at the 2020 Census. It is surrounded by, but administratively separate from, Pasuruan Regency. It is located around ...

(1829) (The church was built on November 15, 1829) * St. Anthony of Padua's Church, Pasuruan (1932) * Church of the Birth of Our Lady, Surabaya, Surabaya (1899) * Christ the King Catholic Church, Ketabang, Surabaya (built in 1933, current form 1957) * Christ the God Methodist Church, Surabaya (current church are built in 1952, Founded by Chinese Presbyterian movement in 1910 and later transferred to American Methodist Church in 1928) * Jawi Wetan Christian Church (GKJW), Gubeng, Surabaya (1924) * GPIB Immanuel Church, Surabaya (1920) * GPIB Maranatha Church, Surabaya * GKI Pregolan Bunder Church, Surabaya (1914–1920, formerly known as "Gereformeerd Surabaya") * Graha Bethany Nginden (1978), is a

megachurch A megachurch is a church with an unusually large membership that also offers a variety of educational and social activities, usually Protestant or Evangelical. The Hartford Institute for Religion Research defines a megachurch as any Protestant C ...

which is one of the largest churches in Surabaya,

and

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...

. * Sacred Heart Cathedral, Surabaya (1921) * St. Bonafacius Free Catholic Church, Surabaya (1923) File:GerejaKathedralKuno WEB.jpg, Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Malang. File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De protestantse kerk aan de Aloon-Aloon te Malang Oost-Java. TMnr 60005867.jpg, GPIB Immanuel Church in 1935. File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Protestantse kerk in Pasoeroean TMnr 10016569.jpg, Protestant Church of Pasuruan in the early 20th-century. File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De katholieke kerk van Djember op Oost-Java TMnr 60009817.jpg, The Old Catholic Church of Jember in 1928. File:Katedral Ijen Malang.JPG, Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral in Malang, known locally as Ijen Cathedral. Special Region of Yogyakarta * ,

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...

(1857) * Javanese Christian Church Gondokusuman (GKJ), Yogyakarta (1913) * St. Anthony of Padua's Church, Kotabaru, Yogyakarta (1918) * St. Aloysius Gonzaga's Church, Mlati (1931) * St. Mary of Loudres's Church, Promasan (1940) * St. Theresia's Church, Sedayu (1925) * St. Francis Xavier's Church, Kidul Loji (established in 1871) * St. Joseph's Church, Bintaran (1930s) *

Bantul Bantul is a town and district, and the capital of Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The district (''kapanewon'') covers an area of and had a population of 64,360 at the 2020 Census. It is a bustling town about to the sout ...

(1920s) File:Bintaran Church Exterior (3).JPG, St. Joseph's Church of Bintaran. File:Ganjuran Church exterior front (1).JPG, Ganjuran Church of Bantul,

, was built in vernacular Javanese

joglo Joglo is a type of traditional vernacular house of the Javanese people (Javanese ''omah''). The word ''joglo'' refers to the shape of the roof. In the highly hierarchical Javanese culture, the type of the roof of a house reflects the social and ...

style.

Sumatra

Aceh

* Sacred Heart Church, Banda Aceh (1926) Riau Islands * GPIB Bethel Church,

Tanjung Pinang Tanjungpinang, also written as Tanjung Pinang, is the capital city of the Indonesian province of Riau Islands. It covers a land area of 144.56 km2, mainly on the southern Bintan Island, as well as other smaller islands such as Dompak Islan ...

, Bintan Island (1836, formerly known as "De Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk te Tandjoengpinang") * St. Mary the Immaculate Heart Church, Tanjung Pinang, Bintan Island North Sumatra *

Batak Christian Protestant Church The Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (''HKBP''), which translates in English as ''Batak Christian Protestant Church'', is a Lutheran church that is oriented towards Protestant among the Batak people, generally the Toba Batak in Indonesia. With a b ...

(HKPB),

Balige Balige, also known as the City of Balige, is a town in North Sumatra province of Indonesia and it is the seat (capital) of Toba Regency. It is 240 kilometers away from Medan. Balige is also a tourist spot to see Lake Toba, the largest crater lake ...

Toba Samosir Regency Toba Regency is a landlocked regency in North Sumatra. Its seat is Balige. The regency covers an area of 2,021.8 square kilometres; it had a population of 173,129 at the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 206,199 at the 2020 Cen ...

(founded 1861, current form 1917) * Batak Christian Protestant Church (HKPB), Tomok, Toba Samosir Regency * Batak Christian Protestant Church (HKPB),

Parapat Parapat, also known as the City of Parapat, is a small town in North Sumatra province on the edge of Lake Toba, on the Uluan Peninsula where it forms the narrowest eastern link to Samosir Island. It is the primary transit point by ferry for v ...

* St. Francis of Assisi's Church,

(2005). The church was built in traditional

Batak Karo The Karo, or Karonese, are a people of the ''Tanah Karo'' (Karo lands) and part one of Batak people sub-ethnic group from North Sumatera, Indonesia. The Karo lands consist of Karo Regency, plus neighboring areas in East Aceh Regency, Langkat Re ...

architecture. * GMI Gloria Merak Jingga Church, Medan * GMI – Jemmaat Gloria Church, Medan * Karo Batak Protestant Church, Kabanjahe * Batak Christian Protestant Church (HKPB), Sudirman Road,

Medan Medan (; English: ) is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of North Sumatra, as well as a regional hub and financial centre of Sumatra. According to the National Development Planning Agency, Medan is one of the four mai ...

(1912, formerly known as "Elisabethkerk") * Christ the King Nusantara Parish Catholic Church, Medan (Formerly known as the Chinese Catholic Church) * GPIB Immanuel Church,

(1921) * Graha Maria Annai Velangkanni, Medan (2005) * Indonesian Christian Church (GKI), Percut Road, Medan (Formerly known as "Javaanse Gereformeerde Kerk") * Indonesian Christian Church of North Sumatra (GKI Sumut), Medan (1904, formerly known as "Gereformeerde Kerk"). * Indonesian Methodist Church (GMI) Hang Tuah, Medan (Formerly known as Methodisten Kerk) * Medan Cathedral, Medan (founded 1879, current form 1905) * St. Laurentius Catholic Church, Pematangsiantar West Sumatra * St. Peter Claver's Church,

Bukittinggi Bukittinggi ( min, Bukiktinggi, Jawi: , formerly nl, Fort de Kock) is the third largest city in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of 111,312 in 2010 and 121,028 in 2020, and an area of 25.24 km2. It is in the Minangkabau Highla ...

* St. Agnes Church,

Padang Padang () is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of West Sumatra. With a Census population of 1,015,000 as of 2022, it is the 16th most populous city in Indonesia and the most populous city on the west coast of Sumatra. Th ...

(formerly known as "Kloosterkerk") * St. Fidelis Church,

Payakumbuh Payakumbuh ( Indonesian: Kota Payakumbuh, Minangkabau: Payokumbuah, Jawi: ) is the second largest city in West Sumatra province, Indonesia, with a population of 116,825 at the 2010 Census and 139,576 at the 2020 Census. It covers an area of 80 ...

* St. Barbara's Church,

Sawahlunto Sawahlunto ( Jawi: ) is a city in Western Sumatra province, Indonesia, and lies 90 kilometres (a 2-hour drive) from Padang, the provincial capital. Sawahlunto is known as the site for the oldest coal mining site in Southeast Asia. Sawahlunto is g ...

(1920s) Bangka Belitung Islands * GPIB Maranatha Church,

Pangkal Pinang Pangkal Pinang is the capital and largest city of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in Indonesia. It is located on Bangka Island's east coast, the city is divided into seven districts (''kecamatan'') and has 42 wards (''kelurahan''). It c ...

(1927, formerly known as "Kerkeraad der Protestansche Gemeente") * St. Joseph Cathedral, Pangkal Pinang (1934) South Sumatra * GPIB Immanuel Church, Palembang (1948, Known locally as Gereja Ayam or "Cock Church") * GPIB Siloam Church, Palembang (1933) * St. Mary the Immaculate Church, Pagarjati (1932) * St. Michael Church, Tanjung Sakti (1898) Lampung * GPIB Marturia Church,

Bandar Lampung Bandar Lampung (Lampung language, Lampung: , ''Kutak Bandarlampung'', formerly Dutch language, Dutch: ''Oosthaven'', lit. "Eastern Harbor") is the capital city, capital and largest city of the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of Lampun ...

(1948) File:Gereja Hati Kudus Banda Aceh.jpg, Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Banda Aceh. File:Balige church.JPG, HKPB Church in Balige, Lake Toba File:Catholic church at Sawahlunto.jpg, St. Barbara's Church of Sawahlunto. File:GPIB Immanuel Medan.jpg, GPIB Immanuel's Church of Medan (1921). File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gereformeerde Kerk TMnr 60016271.jpg, Indonesian Christian Church of North Sumatra in Medan in 1923. File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De protestantse kerk aan de Cremerweg TMnr 10016573.jpg, An old Protestant church in Medan File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kloosterkerk TMnr 10016577.jpg, St. Agnes Church in Padang, 1920 File:GrahaMaria.JPG, Graha Maria Annai Velangkanni in Medan

Borneo

West Kalimantan * St. Fidelis Church of Sejiram,

Kapuas Hulu Kapuas Hulu Regency is a regency in West Kalimantan province of Indonesia. Located around Kapuas River, it has a total area of 29,842.03 square kilometres or around 20.26% of West Kalimantan province's area. The regency seat is located in town of ...

(1890) * St. Joseph Cathedral,

Pontianak Pontianak or Khuntien is the capital of the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, founded first as a trading port on the island of Borneo, occupying an area of 118.31 km2 in the delta of the Kapuas River at a point where it is joined ...

(established 1909, rebuilt in 1950, original building were completely revamped as of 2012) * St. Francis Asisi Church,

Singkawang Singkawang or Sakawokng in Dayak Salako or San-Khew-Jong ( hak, 山口洋), is a city located in the province of West Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It is located at about 145 km north of Pontianak, the provincial capital ...

(Early 20th century) * GSRI Church,

* Various congregations and evangelism posts of West Kalimantan Christian Church (GKKB) Central Kalimantan * , Mandomai,

Kapuas Regency Kapuas Regency ( id, Kabupaten Kapuas) is one of the thirteen regencies which divide Central Kalimantan Province, on the island of Kalimantan, Indonesia. It formerly covered a wider area, but on 10 April 2002 two further regencies ( Pulang Pisau ...

(founded 1855, current form 1876, renovated in 1928) South Kalimantan * ,

Banjarmasin ) , translit_lang1 = Other , translit_lang1_type1 = Jawi , translit_lang1_info1 = بنجر ماسين , settlement_type = City , motto = ''Kayuh Baimbai'' ( Banjare ...

(1931, official name: Holy Family Cathedral) File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een pas gebouwde Rooms-Katholieke kerk van de MSF op Borneo TMnr 60051428.jpg, Banjarmasin Cathedral in the 1930s File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kerk van de zending in Bandjermasin TMnr 10016584.jpg, Gereformeede Zending mission church in Banjarmasin File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Straatgezicht bij de Protestantse kerk Singkawang TMnr 60014520.jpg, A Protestant church in Singkawang in 1920

Sulawesi

North Sulawesi * Schwarz Sentrum Church, Langowan (1895) * Manado Cathedral,

Manado Manado () is the capital city of the Indonesian province of North Sulawesi. It is the second largest city in Sulawesi after Makassar, with the 2020 Census giving a population of 451,916 distributed over a land area of 162.53 km2.Badan Pusa ...

(founded 1919, official name: Holiest heart of Mary Cathedral) * Sentrum Church,

(1952) * Zion Church,

(1930) (The original wooden church was built at least before 1878, according to the first establishment of the bell tower, which was built in 1878. In 1929, the current church building was built above the original church. The building was inaugurated in 1930. The building is 30x20 meter) * Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Tomohon * Old Church of Watumea, Watumea (1872) South Sulawesi * , Makassar (built in 1898 as a neogothic church, later expanded and tower added in the 1940s, official name: Sacred Heart of Jesus Cathedral) * GPIB Immanuel Church, Makassar (1885) West Sulawesi * Toraja Mamasa Church of Mamasa, Mamasa (1929) * Toraja Church of Rantepao,

Rantepao Rantepao is a town and capital of North Toraja Regency, which is known for the cultural center of Toraja ethnic group. National and regional tourism offices have developed the city as the starting point for visiting Tana Toraja, since the area ...

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Rooms-Katholieke kerk TMnr 10029432.jpg, The original building of the Catholic Church of Manado File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Rooms-Katholieke kerk Makassar TMnr 10029315.jpg, Makassar Cathedral in 1947 File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De protestantse kerk en de gouverneurswoning aan het Kerkplein Makassar TMnr 10015131.jpg, GPIB Protestant Church of Makassar in 1919 File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kerk te Tomohon. TMnr 60008323.jpg, Sacred Heart Church in Tomohon, 1920 File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kerk TMnr 10016602.jpg, A Torajan Protestant Church in Rantepao, Tanah Toraja in 1937 File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kerk van de zending in Toraja bouwstijl Sangalla TMnr 10016585.jpg, Zending mission church in Sangalla, Tanah Toraja

Bali

*Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Palasari *Pniel Protestant Church, Blimbingsari

Lesser Sunda Islands

* Mater Boni Consili (MBC) Church,

Bajawa Bajawa is a town of Flores, Indonesia and the capital of the Ngada Regency. Ngada Regency is part of East Nusa Tenggara province and located to the east of Ruteng. Bajawa features natural hot springs which are used for bathing and volcanic s ...

, Flores * Christo Regi Cathedral, Ende, Flores * Sacred heart Church, Wolowaru, Ende, Flores (1937) * Reihna Rosari Cathedral, Larantuka, Flores * Christ the King Mbau Muku Church,

Ruteng Ruteng is a small town in the highlands towards the western end of Flores Island, Indonesia. It is the administrative capital of Manggarai Regency, serviced by the Frans Sales Lega Airport or Ruteng Airport. The population is predominantly Roma ...

Manggarai Regency Manggarai Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia, situated on the island of Flores. Established in 1958 the regency was reduced in size and population by the separation of Manggarai Barat regency in 2003 and of Manggara ...

, Flores * Old Cathedral of Ruteng, Manggarai Regency, Flores (1929–1939) * Old Church of Sikka, Sikka, Flores (1899) File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho van een kerk op Lomblen TMnr 5426-10.jpg, An old Catholic church in Lomblen Island File:Ende catholic cathedral (Indonesia).jpg, Ende's Christo Regi Cathedral File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Rooms-Katholieke kerk in Sikka TMnr 60007490.jpg, A Catholic church in Sikka in 1915

The Moluccas

Ambon Islands In Ambon Island, many of the church buildings, including the 18th-century St. Immanuel's Old Church of Hila, were destroyed during the

. Some of these churches have been restored by the community. * Ambon Cathedral,

Ambon Ambon may refer to: Places * Ambon Island, an island in Indonesia ** Ambon, Maluku, a city on Ambon Island, the capital of Maluku province ** Governorate of Ambon, a colony of the Dutch East India Company from 1605 to 1796 * Ambon, Morbihan, a c ...

(founded in 1901, official name: St. Francis Xaverius Cathedral) * , Ambon (1954) * Baithlehem Church, Hutumuri, Southern Leitimur (1832) * Joseph Kam's Church * Old Church of Hatu, West Leihitu * St. Immanuel's Old Church, Hila (1781, current form 1854) * Soya Church (founded 1546, current form 1876) Nusalaut Islands * Ebenhaezer Church, Sila,

Nusa Laut Nusa Laut is the smallest inhabited island in the Lease Islands group east of Ambon, in Indonesia's Maluku province. It lies just off the south-western corner of Saparua island, separated from it by a deep channel. The island's coasts are fring ...

(1719) * Beth Eden Church, Nusa Laut (1817) Saparua Islands * Old Church of Nolloth,

Saparua Saparua is an island east of Ambon Island in the Indonesian province of Maluku; the island of Haruku lies between Saparua and Ambon. The main port is in the south at Kota Saparua. The island of Maolana is located near its southwestern side an ...

(1860) Banda Islands * Old Church of Banda,

Banda Neira Banda Neira (also known as Pulau Neira) is an island in the Banda Islands, Indonesia. It is administered as part of the administrative Banda Islands District (''Kecamatan Kepulauan Banda'') within the Central Maluku Regency in the province of ...

(established early 1600s, damaged by earthquake and rebuilt in 1852) File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Protestanse kerk TMnr 60033724.jpg, Old church of Banda Neira in 1937 File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Het uitgaan van de protestantse kerk Ambon TMnr 10016587.jpg, Old Protestant Church of Ambon File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Interieur van de hervormde kerk te Ambon TMnr 60033488.jpg, Interior of the Hervormde Kerk Amboina

Papua

West Papua * Orange Church, Doom Island (1911) Papua * Old church of Asei, Asei Island, Sentani (1928)

References

Cited works

* *

External links

{{Asia topic, List of churches in Churches in Indonesia . church buildings

Roman Catholic churches in Indonesia Roman Catholic cathedrals in Indonesia