The following is a list of consorts of rulers of China. China has periodically been divided into kingdoms as well as united under empires, resulting in consorts titled both queen and empress. The title empress could also be given posthumously. Note that this is a list of the main consorts of each monarch and holders of the title empress or queen.

Empress Consorts

The title of Empress consort (, ''húanghòu'') could also be given posthumously. The posthumous Empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title.

Zhou dynasty

Western Han dynasty

Xin dynasty

Eastern Han dynasty

* AD 26–41:

Guo Shengtong Guo Shengtong (郭聖通; 6–52 CE) was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty. She was the first empress of Emperor Guangwu (Liu Xiu), the founder of Eastern Han. She lost her husband's favor and was deposed in 41. However, both she and ...

* 41–57:

Empress Yin Lihua An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother (empr ...

* 60–75: Empress Ma * 78–88: Empress Dou * 96–102: Empress Yin * 102–106:

Empress Deng Sui Deng Sui ( zh, t=鄧綏; AD 81–121), formally Empress Hexi ( zh, t=和熹皇后, links=no, l=moderate and pacifying empress), was regent and ''de facto'' ruler of the Eastern Han dynasty from 106 to 121, serving as empress dowager during the ...

* 108–125:

Empress Yan Ji Empress Yan Ji (閻姬) (died 28 February 126), formally Empress Ansi (安思皇后, literally "the peaceful and deep-thinking empress"), was an empress during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Her husband was Emperor An. She was known for her conspirat ...

* 132–144: Empress Liang Na * 147–159:

Empress Liang Nüying An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother ( e ...

* 159–165:

Empress Deng Mengnü An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother ( e ...

* 165–168:

Empress Dou Miao Empress Dou Miao (; died 172), formally Empress Huansi (literally, "the diligent and deep-thinking empress"), was an empress during the Han Dynasty. She was the third wife of Emperor Huan. After his death in 168, she served as regent for his s ...

* 171–178: Empress Song * 180–189: Empress He * 195–214:

Empress Fu Shou Fu Shou (died 8 January 215) was an empress of the Eastern Han dynasty of China. She was the first wife of Emperor Xian, the last Han emperor. She is best known for initiating a conspiracy against Cao Cao, the ruler of state of Cao Wei. Fami ...

* 215–220:

Empress Cao Jie Cao Jie () (died 2 July 260), formally known as Empress Xianmu, was an empress of the Eastern Han dynasty of China. She was the second wife of Emperor Xian, the last Han emperor, and became known as the Duchess of Shanyang after her husband's a ...

Three Kingdoms period

Cao Wei

* 222–226:

Empress Guo Nüwang An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother (empr ...

* 227–237: Empress Mao * 238–239: Empress Guo * 243–251: Empress Zhen * 252–254: Empress Zhang * 254: Empress Wang * 255–260: Empress Bian * 263–265: Empress Bian

Shu Han

* 221–223:

Empress Wu The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , ''asteriskos'', "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often voc ...

* 223–237: Empress Zhang * 238–263: Empress Zhang

Eastern Wu

* 251–252:

Empress Pan Empress Pan (died February or March 252), personal name Pan Shu,() ''Jiankang Shilu'' vol. 2. was an empress of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was the only empress of Wu's founding emperor, Sun Quan, eve ...

* 252–258:

Empress Quan Huijie Empress Quan (244 – 300s), also known as Quan Huijie, was an empress of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was married to Sun Liang, the second emperor of Wu. Life Lady Quan was the daughter of Quan Shang ...

* 262–264: Empress Zhu * 264–280:

Empress Teng Fanglan Empress Teng ( 258–284), personal name Teng Fanglan, was an empress of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She married Sun Hao, the fourth and last emperor of Wu. Life Lady Teng was the daughter of Teng Mu (滕 ...

Jin dynasty

* 265–274:

Empress Yang Yan Yang Yan (楊艷) (238 – August 25, 274), courtesy name Qiongzhi (瓊芝), formally Empress Wuyuan (武元皇后, "the martial and discerning empress") was an empress of the Jin dynasty (266–420). She was the first wife of Emperor Wu of Ji ...

* 276–290:

Empress Yang Zhi Yang Zhi (楊芷) (259– 6 March 292), courtesy name Jilan (季蘭), nickname Nanyin (男胤), formally Empress Wudao (武悼皇后, literally "the martial and fearful empress") was an empress of Jin Dynasty (266–420). She was Emperor Wu of J ...

* 290–300:

Empress Jia Nanfeng Jia Nanfeng (257 – 13 May 300), nicknamed Shi (峕), was a Chinese empress consort. She was the daughter of Jia Chong and first wife of Emperor Hui of the Jin dynasty and also the granddaughter of Jia Kui. She is commonly seen as a villaino ...

* 300–301, 301–304, 304, 304–305, 305, 306–307:

Yang Xianrong Yang Xianrong (羊獻容) (died 13 May 322), posthumous name (as honored by Han Zhao) Empress Xianwen (獻文皇后, literally "the wise and civil empress"), was an empress—uniquely in the history of China, for two different dynastic empires a ...

* 307–311:

Empress Liang Lanbi Liang Lanbi (梁蘭璧) was an empress during the Jin dynasty (266–420). Her husband was the ill-fated Emperor Huai. Very little is known about her, and she was not even listed in the biographies of the empresses in the ''Book of Jin'', the off ...

* 323–326:

Empress Yu Wenjun Yu Wenjun (; 297– March or April 328, formally Empress Mingmu (明穆皇后, literally "the understanding and solemn empress") was an empress of the Chinese Jin dynasty by marriage to the Emperor Ming. She served as regent during the minority ...

* 336–341: Empress Du * 342–344:

Empress Chu Suanzi Chu Suanzi (; 324–5 July 384), formally Empress Kangxian (康獻皇后, literally "the joyful and wise empress"), at times as Empress Dowager Chongde (崇德太后), was an empress of Jin Dynasty (266–420). Her husband was Emperor Kang, and, ...

* 357–361: Empress He Fani * 361–365: Empress Wang Muzhi * 365–366: Empress Yu Daolian * 375–380:

Empress Wang Fahui Empress Wang Fahui (王法慧) (360 – 24 October 380), formally Empress Xiaowuding (孝武定皇后, literally "the filial, martial, and quieting empress") was an empress during Jin Dynasty (266–420). Her husband was Emperor Xiaowu. When Em ...

* 396–403, 404–412:

Empress Wang Shen'ai Empress Wang Shen'ai (王神愛) (384 – September or October 412), formally Empress Anxi (安僖皇后, literally "the peaceful and careful empress") was an empress of Jin Dynasty (266–420). Her husband was the developmentally disabled Emp ...

* 419–420:

Chu Lingyuan Chu Lingyuan (褚靈媛) (384 – 7 August 436), formally Empress Gongsi (恭思皇后), was the last empress of the Jin Dynasty (266–420). Her husband was the last emperor of the dynasty, Emperor Gong (Sima Dewen). Family background Chu Ling ...

Huan Chu dynasty

* 403–404: Empress Liu

Sixteen Kingdoms period

Cheng Han

* 315–334:

Empress Ren Empress Ren (; personal name unknown) was an empress of the Di-led Cheng Han dynasty of China. Her husband was the founding emperor Li Xiong (Emperor Wu). She was created empress by Li Xiong in 315. She was sonless, and although Li Xiong had so ...

* 334–338?: Empress Yan * 338–343: Empress Yan * 343–347: Empress Li

Former Zhao

* 304–?: Empress Huyan * 310:

Empress Dan Empress Dan (單皇后, personal name unknown) (died 310) was an empress of the Xiongnu-led Chinese Han Zhao dynasty. She was the second wife of the founding emperor Liu Yuan (Emperor Guangwen). Biography Empress Dan's father Dan Zheng (單� ...

* 310–312: Empress Huyan * 313: Empress Zhang * 313–314: Empress Liu E * 315–318: Empress Jin Yueguang * 315–318: Left Empress Liu * 315–318: Empress Jin Yuehua * 316–318: Upper Empress Fan * 318: Left Empress Wang * 318: Middle Empress Xuan * 318: Empress Jin * 319–322: Empress Yang * 325–326: Empress Liu * 326–329: Empress Liu

Later Zhao

* 330–333: Empress Liu * 337: Zheng Yingtao * 337–348: Du Zhu * 348–349: Empress Liu * 349: Empress Zhang

Ran Wei

* 350–352: Empress Dong

Former Liang

* 324?-346:

Princess Yan Princess Yan (嚴王后, personal name unknown) was the wife of the Chinese state Former Liang's ruler Zhang Jun. It is not known when Zhang Jun married her, but it is known that she carried the title of princess even though Zhang, for most of ...

* 346?-354:

Princess Pei Princess Pei (裴王后, personal name unknown) (died 354) was the wife of the Chinese state Former Liang's ruler Zhang Chonghua. Very little is known about her, including when Zhang Chonghua made her his princess. After Zhang Chonghua's death i ...

* 354–355: Empress Xin

Later Liang

* 389–400:

Princess Shi Princess Shi (; personal name unknown), who might have taken the title Empress Shi () at one point, was the wife of Lü Guang (Emperor Yiwu), the founder of the Di-led Later Liang dynasty of China. Very little is known about her. What is known i ...

* 400–401: Empress Yang * 401–403: Empress Yang

Western Liang

* Princess Yin

Northern Liang

* 401–433:

Princess Meng Princess Meng () was a princess of the Xiongnu-led Chinese Northern Liang dynasty. Her husband was Juqu Mengxun (Prince Wuxuan). Very little is known about Princess Meng. She was mentioned as Juqu Mengxun's wife in 413, when she thwarted an assas ...

* 433?-437:

Princess Li Jingshou Li Jingshou () (died 437?) was a princess of the Xiongnu-led Northern Liang dynasty of China. Her husband was Juqu Mujian (Prince Ai). Li Jingshou was the daughter of the Western Liang prince Li Gao and Lady Yin, who was later princess dowage ...

* 437–439:

Princess Tuoba Princess Tuoba also known by her Dynasty of Northern Wei (386 to 534/535) title Princess Wuwei (武威公主), was the daughter of Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei and who later was a princess of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Northern Liang. Her hu ...

Southern Liang

* 408–414: Queen Zhejue

Former Qin

* 351–355:

Empress Qiang Empress Qiang (強皇后, personal name unknown) (died 356), formally Empress Mingde (明德皇后, literally "the understanding and virtuous empress"), was an empress of the Di-led Former Qin dynasty of China. Her husband was Former Qin's found ...

* 355: Empress Liang * 357–385:

Empress Gou Empress Gou (苟皇后, personal name unknown) was an empress of the Di-led Former Qin dynasty of China. Her husband was Fu Jiān, who created her empress in 355 after seizing the throne from his violent and cruel cousin Fu Sheng even though he ...

* 385–386: Empress Yang * 387–389: Empress Mao * 392–393: Empress Li

Later Qin

* 386–394:

Empress She Empress She (蛇皇后, personal name unknown) (died 397) was an empress of the Qiang-led Chinese Later Qin dynasty. Her husband was the founding emperor Yao Chang (Emperor Wuzhao), and she was the mother of Yao Chang's crown prince and successor ...

* 402–?: Empress Zhang * 412–?:

Empress Qi Empress Qi (齊皇后, personal name unknown) was an empress of the Qiang-led Chinese Later Qin dynasty. Her husband was Yao Xing Yao Xing (; 366–416), courtesy name Zilüe (子略), formally Emperor Wenhuan of (Later) Qin ((後)秦文桓帝 ...

* 416–417: Yao Hong's empress

Western Qin

* 388–394, 394–400, 409–412:

Queen Bian Queen Bian (; personal name unknown) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Qin dynasty. Her husband was Qifu Gangui (King Wuyuan). Shortly after Qifu Gangui became king in 388, after the death of his brother, the founding king Qifu ...

* 394:

Queen Fu Queen Fu (; personal name unknown) was a queen of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Qin dynasty. Her husband was Qifu Gangui (King Wuyuan). She was a younger sister of the Former Qin emperor Fu Deng (Emperor Gao), and he created her Princess Dong ...

* 414–423:

Queen Tufa Queen Tufa (; personal name unknown) (died 423) was a queen of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Qin dynasty. Her husband was Qifu Chipan (Prince Wenzhao). She was the daughter of Tufa Rutan (Prince Jing), the last ruling prince of the Southern Li ...

* 429–431: Queen Liang

Former Yan

* 337–348: Princess Duan * 348?–360: Empress Kezuhun * 369–370: Empress Kezuhun

Later Yan

* 388–396:

Duan Yuanfei Duan Yuanfei (段元妃) (died 396), formally Empress Cheng'ai (成哀皇后, literally "the successful and lamentable empress"), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Later Yan dynasty. Her husband was the state's founding emperor, Murong C ...

* 396–398: Empress Duan * 404–407:

Fu Xunying Fu Xunying (苻訓英) (died 407) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Later Yan dynasty. Her husband was Murong Xi (Emperor Zhaowen). Life Fu Xunying was a daughter of Fu Mo (苻謨), a member of Former Qin's imperial house before he sur ...

* 407–409: Empress Li

Northern Yan

* 409–?:

Princess Sun Princess Sun (; personal name unknown) was a princess consort of the Chinese Northern Yan dynasty. Her husband was Feng Ba (Emperor Wencheng). When Feng Ba took the throne in 409 after the death of Gao Yun (Emperor Huiyi), he took the title "He ...

* 430–?:

Princess Murong Princess Murong (, personal name unknown) was a princess and queen consort of the Chinese state Northern Yan. Her husband was the last emperor, Feng Hong (Emperor Zhaocheng), of that dynasty. Presumably, she was from the Murong imperial cl ...

Southern Yan

* 398–405: Duan Jifei * 408–410: Empress Huyan

Xia

* 407–425: Empress Kezuhun * 425–427: Helian Chang's empress

Northern and Southern dynasties

Liu Song

* 422–424:

Empress Sima Maoying Sima Maoying () (393? or 403/4?Zhang Senkai is of the opinion that Sima Maoying's true birth year is around this period as this would make her 36-37 years old (by East Asian reckoning) at the time of her death. In addition, one possible reason why ...

* 424–440: Empress Yuan Qigui * 453:

Empress Yin Yuying Empress Yin (died 27 May 453) was briefly an empress of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty. Her husband was Liu Shao, the crown prince A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. Th ...

* 453–464:

Empress Wang Xianyuan Wang Xianyuan (王憲嫄) (427 – October 9, 464), formally Empress Wenmu (文穆皇后, literally "the civil and solemn empress"), was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. Her husband was Emperor Xiaowu (Liu Jun). Background Wang Xi ...

* 465: Empress Lu * 465–472:

Empress Wang Zhenfeng Wang Zhenfeng (王貞風) (436 – 12 November 479), formally Empress Gong (恭皇后, literally "the respectful empress"), was an empress of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Ming of Song (Liu Yu). She served as regent dur ...

* 472–477: Empress Jiang * 478–479:

Empress Xie Fanjing Xie Fanjing (謝梵境) was an empress of the Chinese Liu Song Dynasty. Her husband was the last ruler of the dynasty, Emperor Shun. Biography Xie Fanjing came from a noble family—her father Xie Yang (謝颺) was a mid-low level official in ...

Southern Qi

* 493–494: He Jingying * 494: Wang Shaoming * 498–501: Chu Lingqu * 501–502: Wang Shunhua

Northern Wei

* 400–409: Empress Murong * 432–452:

Empress Helian Empress Helian (赫連皇后) (died 453), formally Empress Taiwu (太武皇后), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Taiwu. She was a daughter of the Hu Xia's founding emperor Helian Bobo (Em ...

* 456–465: Empress Feng * 493–497:

Empress Feng Qing Empress Feng (490s), also known as Empress Xiaowenfei (孝文废皇后), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty. She was Emperor Xiaowen's first empress. Lady Feng was a daughter of Feng Xi (馮熙) the Prince of Changli, ...

* 497–499: Empress Feng Run * 501–507: Empress Yu * 508–515: Empress Gao * 5??–528: Empress Hu * 528–530:

Empress Erzhu Ying'e Empress Erzhu (514–556) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China. She was the wife of Emperor Xiaozhuang and a daughter of the paramount general Erzhu Rong. She later became a concubine of Northern Wei and Eastern Wei's ...

* 530–531: Empress Erzhu * 532: Empress Erzhu * 533–534: Empress Gao

Western Wei

* 535–538:

Empress Yifu Empress Yifu (乙弗皇后, personal name unknown) (510–540), formally Empress Wen (文皇后, literally "the civil empress"), was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Wei dynasty—a branch successor state of Northern Wei. Her husban ...

* 538–540:

Empress Yujiulü Empress Yujiulü (郁久閭皇后, personal name unknown) (525–540), formally Empress Dao (悼皇后, literally "the untimely-dead empress"), was an empress of the Xianbei The Xianbei (; ) were a Proto-Mongolic ancient nomadic people that ...

* 553–554:

Empress Yuwen Empress Yuwen (宇文皇后, personal name unknown) (died 554?) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Wei dynasty — a branch successor state of Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Fei (Yuan Qin), and her father was Western Wei's par ...

* 554–556: Empress Ruogan

Eastern Wei

* 539–550: Empress Gao

Northern Qi

* 550–559: Empress Li Zu'e * 560–561: Empress Yuan * 561–565: Empress Hu * 565–572:

Empress Hulü Empress Hulü (; personal name unknown) was an empress of the Northern Qi dynasty of China. She was Gao Wei's first empress, and she was a daughter of the general Hulü Guang. Her family was one of the most prominent military families in Northern ...

* 572–573: Empress Hu * 572–577: Empress Mu

Liang dynasty

* 551: Empress Zhang * 560–561: Empress Wang

Northern Zhou

* 557–557:

Empress Yuan Humo Yuan Humo, also known Tuoba Humo, (; died 616) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Zhou dynasty (although during her husband Emperor Xiaomin (Yuwen Jue)'s reign, her title was actually "princess" since he used the alternative title ...

* 568–568: Empress Dugu * 568–578:

Empress Ashina Empress Ashina (阿史那皇后, personal name unknown) (551–582) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Zhou dynasty. She was the daughter of Göktürk's Muqan Qaghan, and her husband was Emperor Wu. Biography She was born in 5 ...

* 578–579:

Yang Lihua Yang Lihua (; 561–609) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Zhou dynasty, and later a princess of Sui dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou (Yuwen Yun), and her father was Yang Jian who later usurped the Nort ...

* 579–580:

Empress Sima Lingji Sima Lingji () (570s to 630s) was, briefly, an empress of the Xianbei-led Northern Zhou dynasty of China. Her husband was Emperor Jing, the final emperor of the dynasty. Sima Lingji was the daughter of the Northern Zhou general Sima Xiaonan () t ...

Sui dynasty

* 581–602:

Dugu Qieluo Dugu Qieluo or Dugu Jialuo (; 544 – September 10, 602), formally Empress Wenxian (文獻皇后), was an empress of the Chinese Sui dynasty. She was the wife of Emperor Wen, who, on account of his love and respect for her, as well as an oath t ...

, empress consort of Emperor Wen * 605–618: Empress Xiao, empress consort of Emperor Yang

Tang dynasty

* 626–636:

Empress Zhangsun Empress Zhangsun (長孫皇后, personal name unknown, presumably Wugou (無垢) (15 March 601 – 28 July 636), formally Empress Wendeshunsheng (文德順聖皇后, literally "the civil, virtuous, serene, and holy empress") or, in short, Empre ...

, empress consort of Emperor Taizong * 650–655: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong * 655–684:

Wu Zetian Wu Zetian (17 February 624 – 16 December 705), personal name Wu Zhao, was the ''de facto'' ruler of the Tang dynasty from 665 to 705, ruling first through others and then (from 690) in her own right. From 665 to 690, she was first empres ...

, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong, later also an

empress regnant A queen regnant (plural: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank and title to a king, who reigns ''suo jure'' (in her own right) over a realm known as a "kingdom"; as opposed to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning ...

* 684–684: Empress Wei, empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong * 684–690: Empress Liu, empress consort of Emperor Ruizong * 705–710: Empress Wei (second time), empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong * 710–710: Empress Lu, empress consort of Emperor Shang * 712–724: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Xuanzong * 758–762: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Emperor Suzong * 786–786: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Dezong * 898–900: Empress He, empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong * 901–904: Empress He (second time), empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong ;Qin * Empress Ju ;Han (Dingyang) * Empress Ju ;Xia *

Empress Cao An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...

;Yan * Empress Duan * Empress Xin ;Qi *

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Qi

* 907–924: Empress Liu, empress consort of

Li Maozhen Li Maozhen (; 856 – May 17, 924), born Song Wentong (), courtesy name Zhengchen (), formally Prince Zhongjing of Qin (), was the only ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Qi (901–924). He had become a powerful w ...

Former Shu

* 908–918: Empress Zhou, empress consort of Wang Jian * 918–921: Empress Gao, first empress consort of

Wang Zongyan Wang Yan (王衍) (899–926), né Wang Zongyan (王宗衍), courtesy name Huayuan (化源), also known as Houzhu (後主, "later Lord"), later posthumously created the Duke of Shunzheng (順正公) by Later Tang, was the second and final emperor o ...

* 921–926:

Empress Jin Feishan Jin Feishan (; died 926) was an empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu. She was the second wife of Former Shu's last emperor Wang Yan (né Wang Zongyan). Background It is not known when Jin Feishan was ...

, second empress consort of Wang Yan

Yan

* 911–913: Empress Li and Empress Zhu, empress consorts of

Liu Shouguang Liu Shouguang () (died February 16, 914) was a warlord early in the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period who controlled Lulong (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing) and Yichang (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei) Circui ...

Later Liang

* 912–913: Empress Zhang, empress consort of

Zhu Yougui Zhu Yougui () (c. 888? – March 27, 913), nickname Yaoxi (), often known by his princely title Prince of Ying (), was briefly an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Later Liang. He became emperor after assa ...

Southern Han

* 919–935: Empress Ma, empress consort of Liu Yan

Later Tang

* 924–926: Empress Liu, empress consort of

Li Cunxu Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (), personal name Li Cunxu (), nickname Yazi (), stage name Li Tianxia (), was the ruling prince of the Former Jin dynasty (r. 908–923) and later became the founding emperor of the Later Tang dynasty (r. 923 ...

* 930–933:

, empress consort of

Li Siyuan Li Siyuan (李嗣源, later changed to Li Dan (李亶)) (10 October 867 – 15 December 933), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang (後唐明宗), was the second emperor of the Later Tang dynasty of China, reigni ...

* 934–934:

Empress Kong Empress Kong (孔皇后, personal name unknown) (died 934), formally Empress Ai (哀皇后, "the lamentable empress"), was an empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Tang. Her husband was its third emperor Li Cong ...

, empress consort of

Li Conghou Li Conghou () (914–934), posthumous name Emperor Min of Later Tang (), childhood name Pusanu (菩薩奴, "slave of a Bodhisattva"), was an emperor of the Later Tang dynasty of China, ruling between 933 and 934. He was overthrown by his adopt ...

* 934–936: Empress Liu, empress consort of

Li Congke Li Congke () (11 February 885 – 11 January 937), also known in historiography as the Last Emperor of Later Tang (), Deposed Emperor of Later Tang (), Wang Congke () (particularly during the succeeding Later Jin dynasty, which did not recogni ...

Wu

* 933–937: Empress Wang, empress consort of

Yang Pu Yang Pu ( zh, 楊溥; 900 – January 21, 939), formally Emperor Rui of Wu (), was the last ruler of Wu, and the only one that claimed the title of emperor. During his reign, the state was in effective control of the regents Xu Wen and Xu Wen' ...

Min

* 935–935: Empress Chen Jinfeng, empress consort of

Wang Yanjun Wang Yanjun () (died November 17, 935), known as Wang Lin (王鏻 or 王璘) from 933 to 935, formally Emperor Huizong of Min (), used the name of Xuanxi () while briefly being a Taoist monk, was the third ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and ...

* 936–939:

Empress Li Chunyan Li Chunyan (; died August 29, 939?''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 282.Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter) was an empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. Her husband was Wang Jipeng (also known as Wang Ch ...

, empress consort of

Wang Jipeng Wang Jipeng () (died August 29, 939), used the name Wang Chang () from 935 to 939, formally Emperor Kangzong of Min (), was an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Min. He inherited the throne after his father Wa ...

* 942–944: Empress Li, empress consort of

Wang Yanxi Wang Yanxi () (died April 8, 944), known as Wang Xi () during his reign, formally Emperor Jingzong of Min (), was an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. He became Min's ruler after a coup that overthrew his nep ...

Southern Tang

* 937–943: Empress Song, empress consort of

Li Bian Li Bian (7 January 889 – 30 March 943, courtesy name Zhenglun), known as Xu Gao between 937 and 939 and Xu Zhigao before 937, and possibly Li Pengnu during his childhood, also known posthumously by his temple name Liezu, was the founder and fi ...

* 943–961:

Empress Zhong Empress Zhong (鍾氏; given name unknown) (died 965), posthumously named Empress Guangmu (光穆皇后), was an empress consort and empress dowager of imperial China's short-lived Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ...

, empress consort of Li Jing * 961–965:

Queen Zhou the Elder Zhou Ehuang (周娥皇) ( 936 – 8 December 964), posthumously named QueenHer title ''guohou'' (國后; literally "kingdom's consort") is frequently translated in English-language literature as "empress". This translation does not differentiate ...

, first queen consort of Li Yu * 968–975:

Queen Zhou the Younger Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mothe ...

, second queen consort of Li Yu

Later Jin

* 941–942: Empress Li, empress consort of

Shi Jingtang Shi Jingtang ( zh, 石敬瑭; 30 March 892 – 28 July 942''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 283.), also known by his temple name Gaozu (), was the founding emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Jin during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms pe ...

* 943–946: Empress Feng, empress consort of

Shi Chonggui Shi Chonggui () (914–974), known in traditional Chinese historical sources as Emperor Chu of Later Jin (後晉出帝, "the exiled emperor") or Emperor Shao of Later Jin (後晉少帝, "the young emperor"), posthumously known in the Liao dynasty a ...

Yin

* 943–?: Empress Zhang, empress consort of

Wang Yanzheng Wang Yanzheng () (died 951?), known as Tiande Emperor () after his Chinese era name, era name of Tiande, formally Prince Gongyi of Fu (), also known during Min as the Prince of Fusha (), was the last ruler of the History of China, Chinese Five Dyn ...

Later Han

* 947–948: Empress Li, empress consort of

Liu Zhiyuan Liu Zhiyuan () (March 4, 895 – March 10, 948), later changed to Liu Gao (), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han (), was the founding emperor of the Shatuo-led Later Han dynasty, the fourth of the Five Dynasties du ...

Later Zhou

* 954–956:

Empress Fu the Elder Empress Fu (符皇后; given name unknown) ( 931 – 29 August 956), posthumously Empress Xuanyi (宣懿皇后) was an empress consort of imperial China's short-lived Later Zhou during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. She was invested ...

, first empress consort of Chai Rong * 959–959: Empress Dowager Fu (Later Zhou), second empress consort of Chai Rong

Northern Han

* ?–968: Empress Guo, empress consort of Liu Jun * 968–?: Empress Ma, empress consort of

Liu Jiyuan Liu Jiyuan () (died in 992), also known by his regnal name Emperor Yingwu of (Northern) Han ((北)漢英武帝), was the last ruler of the Shatuo-led Chinese Northern Han dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He was the gra ...

Song dynasty

* 960–963: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Taizu * 968–976: Empress Song, second empress consort of Emperor Taizu * 984–997: Empress Li, empress consort of Emperor Taizong * 997–1007: Empress Guo, first empress consort of

Emperor Zhenzong Emperor Zhenzong of Song (23 December 968 – 23 March 1022), personal name Zhao Heng, was the third emperor of the Song dynasty of China. He reigned from 997 to his death in 1022. His personal name was originally Zhao Dechang, but was change ...

* 1012–1022: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhenzong and Senior regent

Song dynasty The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...

* 1024–1033: Empress Guo, first empress consort of Emperor Renzong * 1034–1063:

, second empress consort of Emperor Renzong * 1065–1067: Empress Gao, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong * 1068–1085:

Empress Xiang Empress Xiang (欽聖皇后; 1047–1102) was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Shenzong of Song. She acted as co-regent of China during the reign of her adopted son, Emperor Huizong of Song, in 1100. Life Empress ...

, empress consort of Emperor Shenzong * 1092–1096:

Empress Meng Empress Meng (Chinese: 昭慈圣献皇后; 1073 – 1131) was a daughter of Meng Yuen and the Chinese Empress consort of the Song dynasty, married to Emperor Zhezong of Song. She served as a regent of China in 1127, and during the minority of Em ...

, first empress consort of

Emperor Zhezong Emperor Zhezong of Song (4 January 1077 – 23 February 1100), personal name Zhao Xu, was the seventh emperor of the Song dynasty of China. His original personal name was Zhao Yong but he changed it to "Zhao Xu" after his coronation. He reig ...

* 1099–1100: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhezong * 1100–1108: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong * 1111–1126: Empress Zheng, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong * 1126–1127: Empress Zhu, empress consort of Emperor Qinzong * 1127–1139: Empress Xing, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong * 1143–1162:

, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong * 1162–1167: Empress Xia, first empress consort of

Emperor Xiaozong Emperor Xiaozong of Song (27 November 1127 – 28 June 1194), personal name Zhao Shen, courtesy name Yuanyong, was the 11th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the second emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He started his reign in 1 ...

* 1167–1189: Empress Xie, second empress consort of Emperor Xiaozong * 1189–1194:

Empress Li Fengniang Li Fengniang (1144 – 16 July 1200) was a Chinese empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Guangzong of Song. She is known as the ''de facto'' ruler of the Song dynasty Empire during the reign of her spouse. Life Empress Li was b ...

, empress consort of Emperor Guangzong * 1194–1200: Empress Han, first empress consort of

Emperor Ningzong Emperor Ningzong of Song (19 November 1168 – 17 September 1224), personal name Zhao Kuo, was the 13th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the fourth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned from 1194 until his death in 1224. He ...

* 1200–1224: Empress Yang, second empress consort of Emperor Ningzong * 1227–1264:

Empress Xie Daoqing Empress Xie Daoqing (謝道清; 1210 – 1283) was a List of Chinese consorts, Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Lizong of Song. She was the regent of Southern Song China for Emperor Duzong in 1264, and for Emperor G ...

, empress consort of

Emperor Lizong Emperor Lizong of Song (26 January 1205 – 16 November 1264), personal name Zhao Yun, was the 14th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the fifth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned from 1224 to 1264. His original name was ...

* 1267–1274: Empress Quan, empress consort of

Emperor Duzong Emperor Duzong of Song (2 May 1240 – 12 August 1274), personal name Zhao Qi, was the 15th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the sixth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was a nephew of his predecessor, Emperor Lizong, and reign ...

Yuan dynasty

* 1260–1281:

Chabi Empress Chabi (, ; , c. 1216 –1281) was a Khongirad empress consort of the Yuan dynasty of Mongol, married to Kublai Khan (Emperor Shizu). Life She was born around 1216 to Alchi Noyan's son Anchen Noyan . Nephew of Börte from Khongirad tribe an ...

, first empress consort of Emperor Shizu * 1283–1294:

Nambui Empress Nambui (,; , fl. 1294) was a Khongirad empress consort of the Yuan dynasty. She was married to Kublai Khan after the death of his first wife Chabi. Biography Her birthdate is unknown. She was daughter of Nachen Küregen from Khongirad, ...

, second empress consort of Emperor Shizu * 1295–1307:

Bulugan Bulugan or Bulukhan (,; ) was a Mongol princess, the consort of Yuan emperor Temür Khan (r. 1294–1307). Bulugan acted as regent for her ill husband and virtually ruled the empire. Biography She belonged to the Baya'ut tribe, the daughter o ...

, empress consort of Emperor Chengzong * 1310–1311:

Zhenge Empress Zhenge (, , died 1327) was an Empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to Külüg Khan (Emperor Wuzong). She was daughter of Bengbula and granddaughter of Tuolian, both notable commanders from Khongirad tribe. Her aunt Tegülün Khat ...

, empress consort of Emperor Wuzong * 1313–1320:

Radnashiri Empress Radnashiri or Aradnashiri (; Mongolian: Раднашири хатан) (died 1322) was an Empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan (Emperor Renzong). Life She was from the Khongirad tribe. It is not known ...

, empress consort of Emperor Renzong * 1321–1323: Sugabala, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong * 1324–1328:

Babukhan Khatun Babukhan ( fl. 1328) (Chinese: 八不罕; Mongolian: Бабухан) was the wife of Taiding Emperor of the Yuan dynasty. She served as regent in 1328. Life Babukhan's father was either Woliuchar or Maizhuhan, both grandsons of Anchen. She ...

, empress consort of Emperor Taiding * 1328–1329:

Budashiri Budashiri or Buddhashiri (Mongolian alphabet, Mongolian: ᠪᠦᠳᠬᠠᠱᠢᠷᠢ, , Sinicized as ''Putashali'', ) (born c. 1307 – died c. 1340) was Empress of China and Khatun of Mongols as the wife of Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür. She act ...

, empress consort of Emperor Wenzong * 1329–1329:

Babusha Babusha (, died 1330) was a Naiman empress consort of the Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the ...

, empress consort of Emperor Mingzong * 1329–1332: Budashiri (second time), empress consort of Emperor Wenzong * 1332–1332:

Daliyetemishi Daliyetemishi (; died 1368) was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty of China, married to Rinchinbal Khan Rinchinbal Khan ( Mongolian: Ринчинбал , bo, རིན་ཆེན་དཔལ།; Emperor Ningzong of Yuan, ; May 1, 1326 � ...

, empress consort of

* 1333–1335:

Danashri Empress Danashiri (died 1335) was an Empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to Toghon Temür. She was the daughter of El Temür El Temür (; Mongolian:; died 1333) was an ethnic Kipchak official of the Yuan dynasty. He was behind the coup ...

, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong * 1337–1365:

Bayan Khutugh Bayan Khutugh (1324–1365), also Bayan Qudu (; Pai-yen Hu-tu), was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty as the second wife of Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong). Her father was Bolod Temür. According to the ''History of Yuan'', Bayan Qudu was kno ...

, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong * 1340–1370:

Empress Gi Empress Gi or Empress Ki (Hangul: 기황후, Hanja: 奇皇后; 1315–1370(?)), also known as Empress Qi () or Öljei Khutuk ( Mongolian: Өлзийхутаг; ), was one of the primary empresses of Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong) of the Yuan dyn ...

, third empress consort of Emperor Huizong

Ming dynasty

* 1368–1382: Empress Ma, empress consort of the

Hongwu Emperor The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang (), courtesy name Guorui (), was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1368 to 1398. As famine, plagues and peasant revolts in ...

* 1399–1402: Empress Ma, empress consort of the

Jianwen Emperor The Jianwen Emperor (5 December 1377 – ?), personal name Zhu Yunwen (), was the second Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1398 to 1402. The era name of his reign, Jianwen, means "establishing civility" and represented a sharp chan ...

* 1402–1407: Empress Xu, empress consort of the

Yongle Emperor The Yongle Emperor (; pronounced ; 2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424), personal name Zhu Di (), was the third Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 1424. Zhu Di was the fourth son of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming dyn ...

* 1424–1425: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the

Hongxi Emperor The Hongxi Emperor (16 August 1378 – 29 May 1425), personal name Zhu Gaochi (朱高熾), was the fourth Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1424 to 1425. He succeeded his father, the Yongle Emperor, in 1424. His era name "Hongxi" means ...

* 1425–1428:

Empress Hu Shanxiang Empress Hu (; 20 May 1402 – 5 December 1443), personal name Hu Shanxiang, was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the Xuande Emperor. She was posthumously honoured with the title Empress Gongrangzhang. Early life Empress ...

, first empress consort of the

Xuande Emperor The Xuande Emperor (16 March 1399 31 January 1435), personal name Zhu Zhanji (朱瞻基), was the fifth Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1425 to 1435. His era name "Xuande" means "proclamation of virtue". Ruling over a relatively ...

* 1428–1435:

Empress Sun Empress Xiaogongzhang (孝恭章皇后; 1399 – 26 September 1462), of the Sun clan, was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the fifth Ming emperor, the Xuande Emperor. She was mother of Zhu Qizhen, Emperor Yingzong. Ear ...

, second empress consort of the Xuande Emperor * 1442–1449:

Empress Qian Empress Qian (; 1426 – 15 July 1468) was a Chinese empress consort during the Ming dynasty, married to the Zhengtong Emperor. She was addressed posthumously as Empress Xiaozhuangrui () Early life There is no record of Empress Qian's birth name ...

, empress consort of the

Zhengtong Emperor Emperor Yingzong of Ming (; 29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464), personal name Zhu Qizhen (), was the sixth and eighth Emperor of the Ming dynasty. He ascended the throne as the Zhengtong Emperor () in 1435, but was forced to abdicate in ...

* 1449–1452: Empress Wang, first empress consort of the

Jingtai Emperor The Jingtai Emperor (21 September 1428 – 14 March 1457), born Zhu Qiyu, was the seventh Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1449 to 1457. The second son of the Xuande Emperor, he was selected in 1449 to succeed his elder brother Emper ...

* 1452–1456:

Empress Hang Empress Hang (肅孝皇后; d. 1456) was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the Jingtai Emperor. Hang was originally a concubine of Jingtai. When the elder brother of Jingtai was taken prisoner by the Mongols in 1449, Han ...

, second empress consort of the Jingtai Emperor * 1457–1464: Empress Qian (second time), empress consort of the Tianshun Emperor (former Zhengtong Emperor) * 1464–1464:

, first empress consort of the

Chenghua Emperor The Chenghua Emperor (; 9 December 1447 – 9 September 1487), personal name Zhu Jianshen, was the ninth Emperor of the Ming dynasty, who reigned from 1464 to 1487. His era name " Chenghua" means "accomplished change". Childhood Zhu Jianshen wa ...

* 1464–1487: Empress Wang, second empress consort of the Chenghua Emperor * 1487–1505: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the

Hongzhi Emperor The Hongzhi Emperor () (30 July 1470 – 9 June 1505) was the tenth Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1487 to 1505. Born Zhu Youcheng, he was the eldest surviving son of the Chenghua Emperor and his reign as emperor of China is called ...

* 1506–1521: Empress Xia, empress consort of the

Zhengde Emperor The Zhengde Emperor (; 26 October 149120 April 1521) was the 11th Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1505 to 1521. Born Zhu Houzhao, he was the Hongzhi Emperor's eldest son. Zhu Houzhao took the throne at only 14 with the era name Zh ...

* 1522–1528: Empress Chen, first empress consort of the

Jiajing Emperor The Jiajing Emperor (; 16September 150723January 1567) was the 12th List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1521 to 1567. Born Zhu Houcong, he was the former Zhengde Emperor's cousin. His father, Zhu You ...

* 1528–1534: Empress Zhang, second empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor * 1534–1547:

Empress Fang Empress Xiaolie (1516–1547), of the Fang clan, was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, third empress to the Jiajing Emperor. Early life Fang originated from the area of Nanjing. She was selected for palace service in 1531, and chos ...

, third empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor * 1566–1572: Empress Chen, empress consort of the

Longqing Emperor The Longqing Emperor (; 4March 15375July 1572), personal name Zhu Zaiji (朱載坖), was the 13th Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1567 to 1572. He was initially known as the Prince of Yu (裕王) from 1539 to 1567 before he became th ...

* 1578–1620:

Empress Wang Xijie Empress Xiaoduanxian (; 7 November 1564 – 7 May 1620), personal name Wang Xijie (), was empress consort of the Wanli Emperor. She was the longest serving empress consort in Chinese history. Early life Wang was born in Beijing to Wang Wei (� ...

, empress consort of the

Wanli Emperor The Wanli Emperor (; 4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620), personal name Zhu Yijun (), was the 14th Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1572 to 1620. "Wanli", the era name of his reign, literally means "ten thousand calendars". He was the ...

* 1621–1627: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the

Tianqi Emperor The Tianqi Emperor (23 December 1605 – 30 September 1627), personal name Zhu Youjiao (), was the 16th Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1620 to 1627. He was the eldest son of the Taichang Emperor and a elder brother of the Chongzhe ...

* 1628–1644: Empress Zhou, empress consort of the

Chongzhen Emperor The Chongzhen Emperor (; 6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian (), courtesy name Deyue (),Wang Yuan (王源)，''Ju ye tang wen ji'' (《居業堂文集》), vol. 19. "聞之張景蔚親見烈皇帝神主題御諱字德� ...

Southern Ming

* 1645–1646: Empress Zeng, empress consort of the

Longwu Emperor Zhu Yujian (; 1602 – 6 October 1646), nickname Changshou (長壽), originally the Prince of Tang, later reigned as the Longwu Emperor () of the Southern Ming from 18 August 1645, when he was enthroned in Fuzhou, to 6 October 1646, when he wa ...

* 1646–1662: Empress Wang, empress consort of the

Yongli Emperor The Yongli Emperor (; 1623–1662; reigned 18 November 1646 – 1 June 1662), personal name Zhu Youlang, was a royal member to the imperial family of Ming dynasty, and the fourth and last commonly recognised emperor of the Southern Ming, reigni ...

Qing dynasty

Manchukuo

Empress Dowagers

The title of Empress dowager (, ''húangtàihòu'') was automatically given to a former Empress consort and widow of an Emperor. The title Empress dowager could be granted a widow of an Emperor even when she had not been the Empress consort during the reign of her spouse. Therefore, a separate list is given of the Empresses dowager, which in some cases equals the list of Empresses consort, and in other cases not.

Han dynasty

Empress Dowager Lü An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother ( ...

Empress Dowager Bo Empress Dowager Bo (薄太后) was an imperial concubine of Emperor Gaozu of Han (Liu Bang). She was also known as Consort Bo (薄姬) during the life of the Emperor, and more formally as either Empress Dowager Xiaowen (孝文太后) or (rarer) E ...

* Empress Dowager Dou * Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Shangguan * Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Zhao * Grand Empress Dowager Fu *

Empress Dowager Ding Empress Dowager Ding (丁太后, personal name unknown) (died 402), formally Empress Xianyou (獻幽皇后, literally "the wise and lonely empress") was an empress dowager of the Xianbei-ruled Later Yan dynasty of China. She was a concubine of Mur ...

* Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Yin * Empress Dowager Ma * Empress Dowager Dou * Empress Dowager Deng * Empress Dowager Yan * Empress Dowager Liang * Empress Dowager Dou * Empress Dowager He

Northern Dynasties

Northern Wei

Princess Dowager Helan Princess Dowager Helan (賀蘭太后, personal name unknown) (351–396), formally Empress Xianming (獻明皇后, literally "the wise and understanding empress), was, according to official history of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty, t ...

* Empress Dowager Helian *

Nurse empress dowager Nurse empress dowager () was an honorific title given to emperors' wet nurses of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty. The existence of the title owed itself to a peculiar institution of Northern Wei—that when a son of the emperor were ...

Empress Dowager Feng Empress (Dowager) Feng (馮皇(太)后) (442 – 17 October 490), formally Empress (Dowager) Wenming (文明皇后, literally "the civil and understanding empress") was an empress of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China. Her husband was ...

( Empress Dowager Wenming) * Empress Dowager Gao * Empress Dowager Hu

Tang dynasty

* 683–690: Empress Dowager Wu * 710: Empress Dowager Wei * 805–816: Empress Dowager Wang * 820–848: Empress Dowager Guo * 824–845: Empress Dowager Wang * 826–847: Empress Dowager Xiao * 846–865:

Empress Dowager Zheng Empress Dowager Zheng (鄭太后, personal name unknown) (died December 26, 865), formally Empress Xiaoming (孝明皇后, "the filial and understanding empress"), was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. She was a concubine to ...

* 904–906: Empress Dowager He

Song dynasty

Empress Dowager Du Empress Dowager Du (杜太后, given name unknown, 902 – 17 July 961) was an empress dowager of imperial China's Song Dynasty. She was the wife of general Zhao Hongyin and the mother of Emperor Taizu of Song, who founded the Song Dynast ...

* Empress Dowager Li * Empress Dowager Liu * Empress Dowager Yang * Empress Dowager Cao * Empress Dowager Gao * Empress Dowager Xiang * Empress Dowager Meng * Empress Dowager Liu *

* Empress Dowager Wei * Empress Dowager Wu * Empress Dowager Xie * Empress Dowager Li * Empress Dowager Yang * Empress Dowager Xie * Empress Dowager Quan * Empress Dowager Yang

Yuan dynasty

* Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Naimans * Empress Dowager Oirats * Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Khongirad * Empress Dowager Khongirad

Ming dynasty

*Empress Dowager Lü * Empress Dowager Zhang * Empress Dowager Hu * Empress Dowager Sun * Empress Dowager Wu * Empress Dowager Qian * Empress Dowager Zhou * Empress Dowager Wang * Empress Dowager Zhang * Empress Dowager Shao * Empress Dowager Jiang * Empress Dowager Chen * Empress Dowager Li *Empress Dowager Zou *Empress Dowager Ma *Empress Dowager Wang

Qing dynasty

* 1643–1649: Empress Dowager Xiaoduan * 1643–1688:

Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang Bumbutai ( mn, Бумбутай; mnc, m= ; zh, 布木布泰; 28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the consort of Hong Taiji. She was 21 years his junior. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Zhaosheng ...

* 1661–1663:

Empress Xiaokangzhang Empress Xiaokangzhang (1640 – 20 March 1663), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Tunggiya clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor, and mother of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor. She was honoured as Emp ...

* 1661–1718:

Empress Dowager Renxian Empress Xiaohuizhang (5 November 1641 – 7 January 1718), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the wife and second empress consort of Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor. She was Empress consort of Qing from 1654 until her husband's death in 1661 ...

* 1722–1723:

Empress Dowager Renshou Empress Xiaogongren (28 April 1660 – 25 June 1723), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Uya clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor and mother of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor. She was honoured as E ...

* 1735–1777:

Empress Xiaoshengxian Empress Xiaoshengxian (12 January 1692 – 2 March 1777), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor and mother of Hongli, the Qianlong Emperor. She was ...

* 1820–1850:

Empress Dowager Gongci Empress Xiaoherui (20 November 1776 – 23 January 1850), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and second empress consort of Yongyan, the Jiaqing Emperor. She was Empress consort of Qin ...

* 1855: Empress Dowager Kangci * 1861–1881:

Empress Dowager Ci'an Empress Xiaozhenxian (12 August 1837 – 8 April 1881), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and empress consort of Yizhu, the Xianfeng Emperor. She was Empress consort of Qing from ...

* 1861–1908:

Empress Dowager Cixi Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu people, Manchu Nara (clan)#Yehe Nara, Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese nob ...

* 1908–1913:

Empress Dowager Longyu Jingfen (; 28 January 1868 – 22 February 1913), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Yehe Nara clan, was the wife and empress consort of Zaitian, the Guangxu Emperor. She was Empress consort of Qing from 1889 until her husband's death in ...

Empresses whose titles were granted posthumously

Sui dynasty

* 581: Empress Lü Gutao, mother of

Emperor Wen of Sui The Emperor Wen of Sui (; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (), alias Narayana () deriving from Buddhist terms, was the founder and the first emperor of the Chinese Sui dynasty. The ''Book of ...

Tang dynasty

* 618: Empress Dugu ( Empress Yuanzhen, mother of

Emperor Gaozu of Tang Emperor Gaozu of Tang (7 April 566 – 25 June 635, born Li Yuan, courtesy name Shude) was the founding emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 618 to 626. Under the Sui dynasty, Li Yuan was the governor in the area of modern-day ...

) * 618: Duchess Dou (

Empress Taimu Empress Taimu (太穆皇后; 569?-613?) was posthumously honored the first Empress of the Tang Dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to ...

), wife of Li Yuan,

before Li Yuan's ascension

Song dynasty

* 961:

, mother of Emperor Taizu and Emperor Taizong * 960: Empress He, married to Emperor Taizu * 976: Empress Yin, married to Emperor Taizong * 976: Empress Fu, married to Emperor Taizong * 997: Empress Li, mother of

* 997: Princess Pan, married to Emperor Zhenzong * 1033: Consort Li, mother of Emperor Renzong * 1036: Empress Yang, married to

* 1054: Empress Zhang, married to Emperor Renzong * 1101: Empress Chen, mother of Emperor Huizong * 1102: Empress Zhu, mother of

* 1113: Empress Mingda, married to Emperor Huizong * 1121: Empress Mingzhe, married to Emperor Huizong * 1159: Empress Xianren, mother of Emperor Gaozong * 1162: Empress Chengmu, married to

Yuan dynasty

* 1336: Mailaiti, mother of Emperor Huizong

Ming dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty

* 1504: Empress Xiaosu, mother of the

* 1566: Empress Xiaoke, mother of the

* 1566: Empress Xiaoyizhuan, married to the

* 1614: Empress Xiaoding, mother of the

* 1620: Empress Xiaojing, mother of the

Taichang Emperor The Taichang Emperor (; 28 August 1582 – 26 September 1620), personal name Zhu Changluo (), was the 15th Emperor of the Ming dynasty. He was the eldest son of the Wanli Emperor and succeeded his father as emperor in 1620. However, his reign c ...

* 1644: Empress Xiaozhejian * 1644: Empress Xiaoyi * 1644: Empress Xiaoxu

Qing dynasty

* 1626:

Empress Xiaoliewu Empress Xiaoliewu (1590 – 1 October 1626), of the Manchu Plain White Banner Ula Nara clan, personal name Abahai, was a consort of Nurhaci. She was 31 years his junior. Abahai was erroneously identified with Hong Taiji, Nurhaci's eighth son ...

, married to

Nurhaci Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing (), was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. A member of the House of Aisin-Gioro, he reigned ...

* 1636: Empress Xiaocigao, mother of

Hong Taiji Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin ...

* 1660:

Consort Donggo Consort Donggo (1639 – 23 September 1660), of the Manchu Plain White Banner Donggo clan, was a consort of the Shunzhi Emperor. She was one year his junior. Life Family background Consort Donggo's personal name was not recorded in history. H ...

, married to the Shunzhi Emperor * 1663:

, mother of the

Kangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1 ...

* 1723:

Empress Xiaogongren Empress Xiaogongren (28 April 1660 – 25 June 1723), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Uya clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor and mother of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor. She was honoured as Emp ...

, mother of the

Yongzheng Emperor , regnal name = , posthumous name = Emperor Jingtian Changyun Jianzhong Biaozhen Wenwu Yingming Kuanren Xinyi Ruisheng Daxiao Zhicheng Xian()Manchu: Temgetulehe hūwangdi () , temple name = Shizong()Manchu: Šidzung () , house = Aisin Gioro ...

* 1777:

, mother of the

Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, born Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1735 t ...

* 1796:

Empress Xiaoyichun Empress Xiaoyichun (23 October 1727 – 28 February 1775), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Weigiya clan, was a consort of the Qianlong Emperor. Life Family background Empress Xiaoyichun's personal name was not recorded in history. She was ...

, mother of the

Jiaqing Emperor The Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing, born Yongyan, was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from ...

* 1820:

Empress Xiaomucheng Empress Xiaomucheng (1781 – 17 February 1808), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a consort of the Daoguang Emperor. Life Family background Empress Xiaomucheng's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: Buyan ...

, married to the

Daoguang Emperor The Daoguang Emperor (; 16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanxong of Qing, born Mianning, was the seventh Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning ...

* 1850:

Empress Xiaodexian Empress Xiaodexian (12 April 1831 – 24 January 1850), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Sakda clan, was a consort of the Xianfeng Emperor. Life Family background Empress Xiaodexian's personal name was not recorded in history. Her family ...

, married to the

Xianfeng Emperor The Xianfeng Emperor (17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), or by temple name Emperor Wenzong of Qing (), given name Yizhu (), was the eighth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigned from 1850 t ...

* 1855:

Empress Xiaojingcheng Empress Xiaojingcheng (19 June 1812 – 21 August 1855), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Borjigit clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to a consort of Mianning, the Daoguang Emperor. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Kangci during the rei ...

, married to the Daoguang Emperor

References

{{Reflist * Political history of China

Consorts __NOTOC__ Consort may refer to: Music * "The Consort" (Rufus Wainwright song), from the 2000 album ''Poses'' * Consort of instruments, term for instrumental ensembles * Consort song (musical), a characteristic English song form, late 16th–earl ...

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...

Empress Consorts

Zhou dynasty

Western Han dynasty

Xin dynasty

Eastern Han dynasty

Three Kingdoms period

Cao Wei

Shu Han

Eastern Wu

Jin dynasty

Huan Chu dynasty

Sixteen Kingdoms period

Cheng Han

Former Zhao

Later Zhao

Ran Wei

Former Liang

Later Liang

Western Liang

Northern Liang

Southern Liang

Former Qin

Later Qin

Western Qin

Former Yan

Later Yan

Northern Yan

Southern Yan

Xia

Northern and Southern dynasties

Liu Song

Southern Qi

Northern Wei

Western Wei

Eastern Wei

Northern Qi

Liang dynasty

Northern Zhou

Sui dynasty

Tang dynasty

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Qi

Former Shu

Yan

Later Liang

Southern Han

Later Tang

Wu

Min

Southern Tang

Later Jin

Yin

Later Han

Later Zhou

Northern Han

Song dynasty

Yuan dynasty

Ming dynasty

Southern Ming

Qing dynasty

Manchukuo

Empress Dowagers

Han dynasty

Northern Dynasties

Northern Wei

Tang dynasty

Song dynasty

Yuan dynasty

Ming dynasty

Qing dynasty

Empresses whose titles were granted posthumously

Sui dynasty

Tang dynasty

Song dynasty

Yuan dynasty

Ming dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty

Qing dynasty

See also

References