Canadian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes, or techniques—invented, innovated, or discovered—that owe their existence either partially or entirely to a person born in Canada, a citizen of Canada, or a company or organization based in Canada. Some of these inventions were funded by

National Research Council Canada The National Research Council Canada (NRC; french: Conseil national de recherches Canada) is the primary national agency of the Government of Canada dedicated to science and technology research & development. It is the largest federal research ...

(NRCC), which has been an important factor in innovation and technological advancement. Often, things discovered for the first time are also called inventions and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two. The following is a list of inventions, innovations or discoveries known or generally recognized to be Canadian.

Inventions and improvements

Notable Canadian inventions and improvements to existing technologies include:

Computing, film, and animation

Archie (search engine) Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing users to more easily identify specific files. It is considered the first Internet search engine. The original implementation was written in 1990 by Alan Emtage, then a postgraduate student ...

— the first

internet search engine A search engine is a software system designed to carry out web searches. They search the World Wide Web in a systematic way for particular information specified in a textual web search query. The search results are generally presented in a l ...

, invented by Alan Emtage at

McGill University McGill University (french: link=no, Université McGill) is an English-language public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter granted by King George IV,Frost, Stanley Brice. ''McGill Universit ...

around 1988. *

Film colorization Film colorization (American English; or colourisation [British English], or colourization [Canadian English and Oxford English]) is any process that adds color to black-and-white, sepia, or other monochrome moving-picture imag ...

— invented by

Wilson Markle Wilson Markle (born September 2, 1938) is a Canadian engineer who invented the film colorization process in 1970.

in 1983. * IMAX movie system — co-invented by Graeme Ferguson,

Roman Kroitor Roman Kroitor (December 12, 1926 – September 17, 2012) was a Canadian filmmaker who was known as an early practitioner of ''cinéma vérité'', as co-founder of IMAX, and as creator of the Sandde hand-drawn stereoscopic animation system. H ...

, and Robert Kerr in 1968, following the creation of what is now the

IMAX Corporation IMAX Corporation is a Canadian theatre company which designs and manufactures IMAX cameras and projection systems as well as performing film development, production, post-production and distribution to IMAX-affiliated theatres worldwide. Founded ...

. *

Java programming language Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers ''write once, run anywh ...

— invented by

James Gosling James Gosling (born May 19, 1955) is a Canadian computer scientist, best known as the founder and lead designer behind the Java programming language. Gosling was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2004 for the conceptio ...

in 1994. * Keyframe animation — co-invented by Nestor Burtnyk and Marcelli Wein at the NRC in the 1970s. * Multi-Dynamic Image Technique — invented by

Christopher Chapman Christopher Chapman (January 24, 1927 – October 24, 2015) was a Canadian film writer, director, editor and cinematographer. Best known for his award-winning 1967 short film '' A Place to Stand'', he also pioneered the multi-dynamic image tech ...

in 1967. * The

trackball A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two axes—like an upside-down ball mouse with an exposed protruding ball. Users roll the ball to position the on-s ...

was first built for the

DATAR DATAR, short for ''Digital Automated Tracking and Resolving'', was a pioneering computerized battlefield information system. DATAR combined the data from all of the sensors in a naval task force into a single "overall view" that was then transmi ...

computer (although the concept was first mentioned in a similar UK project)

Communications

Canadian invented words & terms
* 56k modem — invented by Dr. Brent Townshend in 1996. * 735kV power line — the international standard for long-distance

electricity transmission Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating site, such as a power plant, to an electrical substation. The interconnected lines that facilitate this movement form a ''transmission network''. This is d ...

, invented by

Jean-Jacques Archambault Jean-Jacques Archambault (March 21, 1919 – December 23, 2001) was a Quebec engineer. He worked at Hydro-Québec and is known for his work on the 735kV electric transmission technology in the early 1960s. 735-kV transmission line Shortly after ...

in Quebec, where the world's first 735,000-volt line was commissioned in 1965. *

AM broadcasting AM broadcasting is radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation (AM) transmissions. It was the first method developed for making audio radio transmissions, and is still used worldwide, primarily for medium wave (also known as "AM band") transmis ...

— invented by

Reginald Fessenden Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-born inventor, who did a majority of his work in the United States and also claimed U.S. citizenship through his American-born father. During his life he received hundre ...

in 1906. *

Amplitude modulation Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the wave is varied in proportion to ...

— invented by

in 1906. * BlackBerry device — its development was led by

Mike Lazaridis Mihal "Mike" Lazaridis (born March 14, 1961) is a Canadian businessman, investor in quantum computing technologies, and founder of BlackBerry, which created and manufactured the BlackBerry wireless handheld device. With an estimated net worth of ...

, who founded

BlackBerry Limited BlackBerry Limited is a Canadian software company specializing in cybersecurity. Founded in 1984, it was originally known as Research In Motion (RIM). As RIM, it developed the BlackBerry brand of interactive pagers, smartphones, and tablets ...

. *Cesium Beam

atomic clock An atomic clock is a clock that measures time by monitoring the resonant frequency of atoms. It is based on atoms having different energy levels. Electron states in an atom are associated with different energy levels, and in transitions betwee ...

— developed by National Research Council personnel in the 1960s. *Computerized

braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are Blindness, blind, Deafblindness, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on Paper embossing, embossed paper ...

— invented by Roland Galarneau in 1972. *

Creed A creed, also known as a confession of faith, a symbol, or a statement of faith, is a statement of the shared beliefs of a community (often a religious community) in a form which is structured by subjects which summarize its core tenets. The ea ...

teleprinter A teleprinter (teletypewriter, teletype or TTY) is an electromechanical device that can be used to send and receive typed messages through various communications channels, in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations. Initia ...

system — invented by Fredrick Creed in 1900. *

Fathometer Echo sounding or depth sounding is the use of sonar for ranging, normally to determine the depth of water (bathymetry). It involves transmitting acoustic waves into water and recording the time interval between emission and return of a pulse; ...

— an early form of

sonar Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigation, navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect o ...

invented by Reginald A. Fessenden in 1919. *

Gramophone A phonograph, in its later forms also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910) or since the 1940s called a record player, or more recently a turntable, is a device for the mechanical and analogu ...

— co-invented by

Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell (, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Te ...

in 1889. * Hot wire barretter — invented by

Reginald A. Fessenden Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-born inventor, who did a majority of his work in the United States and also claimed U.S. citizenship through his American-born father. During his life he received hundre ...

in 1902. *

Newsprint Newsprint is a low-cost, non-archival paper consisting mainly of wood pulp and most commonly used to print newspapers and other publications and advertising material. Invented in 1844 by Charles Fenerty of Nova Scotia, Canada, it usually has an ...

and pulped-wood paper — invented by

Charles Fenerty Charles Fenerty (January 1821 – 10 June 1892), was a Canadian inventor who invented the wood pulp process for papermaking, which was first adapted into the production of newsprint. Fenerty was also a poet (writing over 32 known poems). Early ...

in 1838. *

Pager A pager (also known as a beeper or bleeper) is a wireless telecommunications device that receives and displays alphanumeric or voice messages. One-way pagers can only receive messages, while response pagers and two-way pagers can also acknow ...

— invented by

Alfred J. Gross Irving "Al" Gross (; February 22, 1918 – December 21, 2000) was a pioneer in mobile wireless communication. He created and patented many communications devices, specifically in relation to an early version of the walkie-talkie, Citi ...

in 1949. *

Quartz clock Quartz clocks and quartz watches are timepieces that use an electronic oscillator regulated by a quartz crystal to keep time. This crystal oscillator creates a signal with very precise frequency, so that quartz clocks and watches are at least an ...

— built by

Warren Marrison Warren A. Marrison (21 May 1896 – 27 March 1980) was a Canadian engineer and inventor. Marrison was the co-inventor of the first Quartz clock in 1927. Early life and education Marrison was born in Inverary, Frontenac county, Ontario. He studi ...

in 1927. * Radio telephony — first demonstrated by

in 1901. *

Standard time Standard time is the synchronisation of clocks within a geographical region to a single time standard, rather than a local mean time standard. Generally, standard time agrees with the local mean time at some meridian that passes through the r ...

— introduced by Scottish-Canadian

Sandford Fleming Sir Sandford Fleming (January 7, 1827 – July 22, 1915) was a Scottish Canadian engineer and inventor. Born and raised in Scotland, he emigrated to colonial Canada at the age of 18. He promoted worldwide standard time zones, a prime meridian, ...

in 1878. *

Telephone A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into e ...

— invented by

in 1876. *

Telephone handset A handset is a component of a telephone that a user holds to the ear and mouth to receive audio through the receiver and speak to the remote party using the built-in transmitter. In earlier telephones, the transmitter was mounted directly on ...

— invented by Cyrille Duquet in 1878 *

Undersea telegraph cable A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea. The first submarine communications cables laid beginning in the 1850s carried tel ...

— invented by British-Canadian Fredric Newton Gisborne in 1857. *

Walkie-talkie A walkie-talkie, more formally known as a handheld transceiver (HT), is a hand-held, portable, two-way radio transceiver. Its development during the Second World War has been variously credited to Donald Hings, radio engineer Alfred J. Gross, ...

— invented by

Donald L. Hings Donald Lewes Hings, (November 6, 1907 – February 25, 2004) was a Canadian inventor, born in Leicester, England. In 1937 he created a portable radio signaling system for his employer CM&S, which he called a "packset", but which later becam ...

and

in 1942 for military use.

Food and agriculture

Peanut butter Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts. It commonly contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers. Peanut butter is consumed in many countri ...

— Canadian chemist Marcellus Gilmore Edson patented a way to make "peanut paste" also known as peanut butter in 188

*

Butter Tarts A butter tart (french: tarte au beurre) is a type of small pastry tart highly regarded in Canadian cuisine. The sweet tart consists of a filling of butter, sugar, syrup, and egg (food), egg, baked in a pastry shell until the filling is semi-sol ...

California roll ) or California maki is an ''uramaki'' (inside out ''makizushi'' roll) containing cucumber, crab or imitation crab, and avocado. Sometimes crab salad is substituted for the crab stick, and often the outer layer of rice in an inside-out roll (''u ...

— created by the

Japanese-Canadian are Canadian citizens of Japanese ancestry. Japanese Canadians are mostly concentrated in Western Canada, especially in the province of British Columbia, which hosts the largest Japanese community in the country with the majority of them livin ...

chef, Hidekazu Tojo, in the 1970s. *

Canada Dry Ginger Ale Canada Dry is a brand of soft drinks founded in 1904 and owned since 2008 by the American company Dr Pepper Snapple (now Keurig Dr Pepper). For over 100 years, Canada Dry has been known mainly for its ginger ale, though the company also manufact ...

— invented by

John J. McLaughlin John James McLaughlin (March 2, 1865 – January 28, 1914) was a Canadian pharmacist and manufacturer who was the founder of Canada Dry. Early life John J. McLaughlin was born near Enniskillen, Durham Region, Ontario, the eldest son of Mary ...

in 1907. *

Canadian bacon ''Canadian Bacon'' is a 1995 comedy film written, produced, and directed by Michael Moore which satirizes Canada–United States relations along the Canada–United States border. The film stars an ensemble cast featuring Alan Alda, John Candy ...

*Cipaille *

Canola Close-up of canola blooms Canola flower Rapeseed oil is one of the oldest known vegetable oils. There are both edible and industrial forms produced from rapeseed, the seed of several cultivars of the plant family Brassicaceae. Historically, i ...

— developed from natural

rapeseed Rapeseed (''Brassica napus ''subsp.'' napus''), also known as rape, or oilseed rape, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturally contains a ...

by NRC personnel in the 1970s. * Muktaaq *

Crispy Crunch Crispy Crunch is a hard chocolate bar with a crispy peanut butter flake inside that is made by Cadbury in Canada. Harold Oswin, an employee of Neilson Dairy, William Neilson, developed "Crispy Crunch" in 1930. History Harold Oswin was a candy ...

— created by Harold Oswin in 1930. *

Coffee Crisp Coffee Crisp is a chocolate bar made in Canada. It consists of alternating layers of vanilla wafer and a foamed coffee-flavoured soft candy, covered with a milk chocolate outer layer. Originally launched by British company Rowntree's, it is c ...

Hawaiian Pizza Hawaiian pizza is a pizza originating in Canada, and is traditionally topped with pineapple, tomato sauce, cheese, and either ham or bacon. History Sam Panopoulos, a Greek-born Canadian, created the first Hawaiian pizza at the Satellite Res ...

— invented by the

Greek-Canadian Greek Canadians ( el, Ελληνοκαναδοί) are Canadian citizens who have full or partial Greek heritage or people who emigrated from Greece and reside in Canada. According to the 2021 Census, there were 262,140 Canadians who claimed Gr ...

cook and businessman,

Sam Panopoulos Sotirios "Sam" Panopoulos ( el, Σωτήριος Πανόπουλος; 20 August 1934 8 June 2017) was a Greek-born Canadian cook and businessman, credited as the inventor of Hawaiian pizza. Early life Sotirios Panopoulos was born in Vourvoura ...

, in 1962. *

Instant mashed potatoes Instant mashed potatoes are potatoes that have been through an industrial process of cooking, mashing and dehydrating to yield a packaged convenience food that can be reconstituted by adding hot water or milk, producing an approximation of mashe ...

(

Dehydrated potato flakes Instant mashed potatoes are potatoes that have been through an industrial process of cooking, mashing and dehydrating to yield a packaged convenience food that can be reconstituted by adding hot water or milk, producing an approximation of mashe ...

) — invented by Edward Asselbergs in 1962. *

Maple taffy Maple taffy (sometimes maple toffee in English-speaking Canada, tire d'érable or tire sur la neige in French-speaking Canada; also sugar on snow or candy on the snow or leather aprons in the United States) is a sugar candy made by boiling maple s ...

Ambrosia In the ancient Greek myths, ''ambrosia'' (, grc, ἀμβροσία 'immortality'), the food or drink of the Greek gods, is often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. It was brought to the gods in Olympus ...

apple — first cultivated in

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

during the early 1990s. *

Jubilee apple Jubilee apple is a modern cultivar of dessert apple, which was developed in the Canadian province of British Columbia by the Summerland Research Station.

— developed by

Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre The Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (previously known as the Dominion Experimental Farm at Summerland and Summerland Research Station) is an agricultural research centre in British Columbia, Canada. The centre has been historically important in th ...

in British Columbia. *

McIntosh McIntosh, Macintosh, or Mackintosh (Gaelic: ') may refer to: Products and brands * Mackintosh, a form of waterproof raincoat * Mackintosh's or John Mackintosh and Co., later Rowntree Mackintosh, former UK confectionery company now part of Nestl� ...

apple — developed by John McIntosh (1811). *

Spartan Sparta (Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, ''Spártā''; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, ''Spártē'') was a prominent city-state in Laconia, in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (, ), while the name Sparta referred t ...

apple — introduced to

Summerland, British Columbia Summerland (2016 population 11,615) is a town on the west side of Okanagan Lake in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. The district is between Peachland to the north and Penticton to the south. The largest centre in the region is Kelown ...

in 1936. *

Marquis wheat The Marquis bread wheat cultivar was developed by Dominion Agriculturalist Charles Saunders in 1904. It is a cross between Red Fife (male parent) and Hard Red Calcutta (female parent). It was selected for superiority in milling quality for bread ...

— invented by Charles E. Saunders in 1908 and tested at the Agassiz experimental farm in

. (). *

Montreal Melon The Montreal melon, also known as the Montreal market muskmelon or the Montreal nutmeg melon (french: melon de Montréal), is a variety of melon recently rediscovered and cultivated in the Montreal, Quebec, Canada, area. Scientifically, it is a c ...

— originally cultivated in the

Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-most populous city in Canada and List of towns in Quebec, most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian ...

area but lost due to industrialization. The melon's seeds have recently been rediscovered and its cultivation revitalized. *

Nanaimo Bar The Nanaimo bar is a bar dessert that requires no baking and is named after the Canadian city of Nanaimo in British Columbia. It consists of three layers: a wafer, nut (walnuts, almonds, or pecans), and coconut crumb base; custard icing in th ...

Pablum Pablum is a processed cereal for infants originally marketed and co-created by the Mead Johnson Company in 1931. The product was developed at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, to combat infant malnutrition. The trademarke ...

— infant cereal, invented by

Frederick Tisdall Frederick Fitzgerald Tisdall (3 November 1893– 23 April 1949) was one of three Canadian pediatricians who developed the infant cereal Pablum. He first started working at The Hospital for Sick Children in 1921. In 1929 he was made Director of t ...

, Theodore Drake, and Allan Brown in 1930. * An early form of

peanut butter Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts. It commonly contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers. Peanut butter is consumed in many countri ...

was first patented by

Marcellus Gilmore Edson Marcellus Gilmore Edson (February 7, 1849 – March 6, 1940) was a Canadian chemist and pharmacist. In 1884, he patented a way to make peanut paste, an early version of peanut butter. Biography Marcellus Gilmore Edson was born at Bedford in Q ...

in 1884. *

Pizza Pops Pizza Pops are a Canadian calzone-type snack produced by Pillsbury. Pizza Pops are sold both pre-cooked and frozen. Typically, they can be reheated in a microwave oven. However, they may also be cooked in a conventional oven. History Pizz ...

Poutine Poutine () is a dish of french fries and cheese curds topped with a brown gravy. It emerged in Quebec, in the late 1950s in the Centre-du-Québec region, though its exact origins are uncertain and there are several competing claims regarding it ...

— created in the

Centre-du-Québec Centre-du-Québec (, ''Central Quebec'') is a region of Quebec, Canada. The main centres are Drummondville, Victoriaville, and Bécancour. It has a land area of and a 2016 Census population of 242,399 inhabitants. Description The Centre-du- ...

region in the 1950s. * Ragoût de boulettes — traditional Canadian dish from Québec * Ragoût de pattes *

Yukon Gold potato Yukon Gold is a large cultivar of potato most distinctly characterized by its thin, smooth, eye-free skin and yellow-tinged flesh. This potato was developed in the 1960s by Garnet ("Gary") Johnston in Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, with the hel ...

— invented by Gary Johnston in 1966. *

Fricot Fricot is a traditional Acadian dish. Fricot is such an important part of Acadian food culture that the call to eat in Acadian French is "''Au fricot!''" The main ingredients consist of potatoes, onions, and whatever meat was available, cooke ...

— A tradiontal stew consisting of clams, chicken and other meats. *

B.C. roll The B.C. (British Columbia) roll is a Maki-zushi (roll), a kind of sushi containing barbecued salmon and cucumber. It is prepared as an uramaki roll, a style of sushi in which the rice is on the outside. Often the roll contains barbecued salmon sk ...

Tourtière Tourtière (, ) is a French Canadian meat pie dish originating from the province of Quebec, usually made with minced pork, veal or beef and potatoes. Wild game is sometimes used. It is a traditional part of the Christmas ''réveillon'' and New ...

* UV-degradable Plastics — by Dr. James Guillet in 1971

Climate-related

Rotary snowplow A rotary snowplow (American English) or rotary snowplough is a piece of railroad snow removal equipment with a large circular set of blades on its front end that rotate to cut through the snow on the track ahead of it. The precursor to the rotary ...

— invented by a Canadian dentist in 1869, and perfected by Orange Jull of

Orangeville, Ontario Orangeville (Canada 2016 Census 28,900) is a town in south-central Ontario, Canada, and the seat of Dufferin County. History The first patent of land was issued to Ezekiel Benson, a land surveyor, on August 7, 1820. That was followed by land ...

. *

Snow blower A snow blower or snow thrower is a machine for removing snow from an area where it is problematic, such as a driveway, sidewalk, roadway, railroad track, ice rink, or runway. The commonly used term "snow blower" is a misnomer, as the snow is ...

— invented by Arthur Sicard (1927). *

Steam-powered A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be tra ...

foghorn A foghorn or fog signal is a device that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards such as rocky coastlines, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport. W ...

— invented by Robert Foulis (1859).

Defence

CADPAT digital camouflage pattern (Canadian Forces)

ASDIC Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on or ...

— invented by

Robert William Boyle Robert William Boyle (October 2, 1883 – April 18, 1955) was a physicist and one of the most important early pioneers in the development of sonar. Boyle was born in 1883 at Carbonear in the Dominion of Newfoundland. Boyle left Newfoundland ...

in 1916. *

Canadian pipe mine The Canadian pipe mine, also known as the McNaughton tube, was a type of landmine deployed in Britain during the invasion crisis of 1940–1941. It comprised a horizontally bored pipe packed with explosives, and once in place this could be use ...

— a land mine used in Britain in World War II. *

Beartrap (helicopter device) A helicopter hauldown and rapid securing device (HHRSD) or beartrap enables helicopters to land on and depart from smaller ships in a wide range of weather conditions. Similar devices are referred to as RAST and TRIGON. The beartrap was develope ...

— invented for the

Royal Canadian Navy The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN; french: Marine royale canadienne, ''MRC'') is the Navy, naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack s ...

in the early 1960s *

CADPAT Canadian Disruptive Pattern (CADPAT; french: links=no, dessin de camouflage canadien, DcamC) is the computer-generated digital camouflage pattern developed for use by the Canadian Armed Forces. Four operational variations of CADPAT have been used ...

— the first "digital" camouflage system, which was then used for the US

MARPAT MARPAT (short for Marine pattern) is a multi-scale camouflage pattern in use with the United States Marine Corps, designed in 2001 and introduced from late 2002 to early 2005 with the Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform (MCCUU), which replaced ...

(1996). *

G-suit A g-suit, or anti-''g'' suit, is a flight suit worn by aviators and astronauts who are subject to high levels of acceleration force ( g). It is designed to prevent a black-out and g-LOC (g-induced loss of consciousness) caused by the blood pool ...

(or "anti-gravity suit") — a suit for

high-altitude Altitude or height (also sometimes known as depth) is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object. The exact definition and reference datum varies according to the context ...

jet pilots invented by

Wilbur R. Franks Wilbur Rounding Franks, OBE (4 March 1901 – 4 January 1986) was a Canadian scientist, notable as the inventor of the ''anti-gravity suit'' or G-suit, and for his work in cancer research. Career He was born in Weston, Ontario and was a me ...

in 1941. *

Defendo Defendo is a Canadian martial art and a self defence system created in 1945 for Law enforcement agency, law enforcement structures by Bill Underwood. Underwood had created Combato in 1910, a "non-boxing or wrestling" unarmed combat system which ...

— a Canadian

martial art Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defense; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the preserv ...

Gunstock war club The gunstock club or gun stock war club is an indigenous weapon used by many Native American groupings, named for its similar appearance to the wooden stocks of muskets and rifles of the time.gas mask A gas mask is a mask used to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face. Most gas mask ...

was introduced by

Cluny MacPherson Ewen MacPherson of Cluny, also known as "Cluny Macpherson" (11 February 1706 – 30 January 1764), was the Chief of Clan MacPherson during the Jacobite Rising of 1745. He took part as a leading supporter of Prince Charles Edward Stuart. After t ...

in 1915. *

Sonar Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigation, navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect o ...

— invented by

. *

Stealth Snowmobile Stealth may refer to: Military *Stealth technology, technology used to conceal ships, aircraft, and missiles **Stealth aircraft, aircraft which use stealth technology **Stealth ground vehicle, ground vehicles which use stealth technology **Unmar ...

— in 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces announced the development by Canadian-based company CrossChasm Technologie

https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/canadian-government-developing-stealth-snowmobile/story?id=20002993] *

Tomahawk A tomahawk is a type of single-handed axe used by the many Indigenous peoples and nations of North America. It traditionally resembles a hatchet with a straight shaft. In pre-colonial times the head was made of stone, bone, or antler, and Europ ...

— traditional Canadian war instrument created by the Algonquian people *

Toggling harpoon The toggling harpoon is an ancient weapon and tool used in whaling to impale a whale when thrown. Unlike earlier harpoon versions which had only one point, a toggling harpoon has a two-part point. One half of the point is firmly attached to the ...

Kakivak A kakivak is an Inuit leister that is used for spear fishing and fishing at the short range. It is comparable to a harpoon or a trident A trident is a three- pronged spear. It is used for spear fishing and historically as a polearm. The trid ...

Ulu An ulu ( iu, ᐅᓗ, plural: ''uluit'', 'woman's knife') is an all-purpose knife traditionally used by Inuit, Iñupiat, Yupik peoples, Yupik, and Aleut women. It is utilized in applications as diverse as skinning and cleaning animals, cutting a c ...

Domestic life & Fashion

Alkaline battery An alkaline battery (IEC code: L) is a type of primary battery where the electrolyte (most commonly potassium hydroxide) has a pH value above 7. Typically these batteries derive energy from the reaction between zinc metal and manganese dioxide, ...

— invented by

Lewis Urry Lewis Frederick Urry ( – ) was a Canadian chemical engineer and inventor. He invented both the alkaline battery and lithium battery while working for the Eveready Battery company. Life Urry was born January 29, 1927, in Pontypool, Ontario an ...

in 1954. *

Bi-pin connector A bipin or bi-pin (sometimes referred to as two-pin, bipin cap or bipin socket) is a type of lamp fitting. They are included in the IEC standard "IEC 60061 Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safe ...

— invented by

in 1893. *

Caesar (cocktail) A Caesar (also known as a Bloody Caesar) is a cocktail created and consumed primarily in Canada. It typically contains vodka, tomato juice and clam broth (such as in Mott's Clamato), hot sauce, and Worcestershire sauce, and is served with ice ...

— introduced in Calgary in 1969. *

Ceinture fléchée The ceinture fléchée (French for "arrowed sash"; English: L'Assomption sash or "arrow sash") is a type of colourful sash, a traditional piece of Québécois clothing linked to at least the 17th century (of the Lower Canada, Canada East and e ...

— one of many pieces of Canadian clothing listed. * Capote (garment) — worn by the inhabitants of New France to protect from the harsh winters. * Easy-Off — an

oven cleaner Cleaning agents or hard-surface cleaners are substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or granules) used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces. Purposes of cleaning agents include health, beauty, removing ...

invented by Herbert McCool in Regina in 1932. * Egg carton — invented by Joseph Coyle of

Smithers, British Columbia Smithers is a town in northwestern British Columbia, approximately halfway between Prince George and Prince Rupert. With a population of 5,351 in 2016, Smithers provides service coverage for most of the Bulkley Valley. History Region First Nation ...

, in 1911. * Electric cooking range — invented by

Thomas Ahearn Thomas Ahearn, PC (June 24, 1855 – June 28, 1938) was a Canadian inventor and businessman. Ahearn, a native of Ottawa, Ontario, was instrumental in the success of a vast streetcar system that was once in Ottawa, the Ottawa Electric Railw ...

in 1882. *

Garbage bag A bin bag, rubbish bag (British English), garbage bag, bin liner, trash bag (American English) or refuse sack is a disposable bag used to contain solid waste. Such bags are useful to line the insides of waste containers to prevent the insides ...

— invented by Harry Wasylyk in 1950. * Green ink — invented by American

Thomas Sterry Hunt Thomas Sterry Hunt (September 5, 1826February 12, 1892) was an American geologist and chemist. Biography Hunt was born at Norwich, Connecticut. He lost his father when twelve years old, and had to earn his own livelihood. In the course of two ye ...

in 1862 while teaching at

Université Laval Université Laval is a public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The university was founded by royal charter issued by Queen Victoria in 1852, with roots in the founding of the Séminaire de Québec in 1663 by François de Montmo ...

; used for various U.S. banknotes. *

Incandescent light bulb An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb with a vacuum or inert gas to protect the filament from oxida ...

— invented in 1874 by Henry Woodward, who sold the patent to

Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventio ...

. *Jolly Jumper — a

baby jumper A baby jumper is a device that can be used by infants to exercise and play in. The original baby jumper consists of a hoop suspended by an elastic strap. More elaborate baby jumpers have a base made of hard plastic sitting in a frame and a suspended ...

invented by

Olivia Poole Susan Olivia Poole (1889–1975) was an Indigenous Canadian inventor. She invented the Jolly Jumper, a baby jumper, in 1910, but it was not until 1948 that they were produced for the retail market. They are manufactured in Ontario, Canada. By 19 ...

in 1959. *

Lawn sprinkler An irrigation sprinkler (also known as a water sprinkler or simply a sprinkler) is a device used to irrigate (water) agricultural crops, lawns, landscapes, golf courses, and other areas. They are also used for cooling and for the control of airbo ...

— invented by

Elijah McCoy Elijah J. McCoy (May 2, 1844 – October 10, 1929) was a Canadian-American engineer of African-American descent who invented lubrication systems for steam engines. Born free on the Ontario shore of Lake Erie to parents who fled enslavem ...

. *

LongPen The LongPen is a remote signing device conceived of by writer Margaret Atwood in 2004 and debuted in 2006. It allows a person to remotely write in ink anywhere in the world via tablet PC and the Internet and a robotic hand. It also supports an aud ...

— invented by

Margaret Atwood Margaret Eleanor Atwood (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, teacher, environmental activist, and inventor. Since 1961, she has published 18 books of poetry, 18 novels, 11 books of non-fiction, nin ...

. *

Plexiglas Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) belongs to a group of materials called engineering plastics. It is a transparent thermoplastic. PMMA is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and brands Crylux, Plexiglas, Acrylite, ...

— made practical by William Chalmers' invention for creating

methyl methacrylate Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. This colorless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid (MAA), is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA ...

, while a graduate student at McGill University in 1931. *

Wonderbra The Wonderbra is a type of push-up underwire brassiere that gained worldwide prominence in the 1990s. Although the Wonderbra name was first trademarked in the U.S. in 1955, the brand was developed in Canada. Moses (Moe) Nadler, founder and major ...

Model 1300 (aka Dream Lift) — the modern plunged-style

push-up bra There are a great many brassiere designs that are suitable for a wide variety of business and social settings and suitable to wear with a variety of outer clothing. The bra's shape, coverage, functionality, fit, fashion, fabric, and colour can ...

, designed by Louise Poirier in 1964. Though the term ''Wonder-Bra'' was coined by an American named Israel Pilot in 1935, the brand itself was popularized by Canadian Moses Nadler, who licensed (and later won) the Wonderbra patent from Pilot. Nadler made his first Wonderbra in 1939 at his Montreal-based Canadian Lady Corset Company, and directed Poirier, his employee, to design the Model 1300 bra. *

Snow goggles Snow goggles (Inuktitut: or , syllabics: or ; esu, nigaugek, ) are a type of eyewear traditionally used by the Inuit and the Yupik peoples of the Arctic to prevent snow blindness. The goggles fit tightly against the face so that the only li ...

— used by

Inuit Inuit (; iu, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ 'the people', singular: Inuk, , dual: Inuuk, ) are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic and subarctic regions of Greenland, Labrador, Quebec, Nunavut, the Northwest Territories ...

to prevent snow blindness in the

Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...

and were made typically from ivory, bone or other materials. *

Igloo An igloo (Inuit languages: , Inuktitut syllabics (plural: )), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of suitable snow. Although igloos are often associated with all Inuit, they were traditionally used only b ...

s — a type of shelter from the artic * The first coloured

coin A coin is a small, flat (usually depending on the country or value), round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order t ...

s used in circulation *

Snowshoes Snowshoes are specialized outdoor gear for walking over snow. Their large footprint spreads the user's weight out and allows them to travel largely on top of rather than through snow. Adjustable bindings attach them to appropriate winter footwe ...

— perfected by

First Nations First Nations or first peoples may refer to: * Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area. Indigenous groups *First Nations is commonly used to describe some Indigenous groups including: **First Natio ...

to traverse through deep snow more effectively. *

Parka A parka or anorak is a type of coat with a hood, often lined with fur or faux fur. This kind of garment is a staple of Inuit clothing, traditionally made from caribou or seal skin, for hunting and kayaking in the frigid Arctic. Some Inuit ano ...

— invented by inuit aborignials in the artic to protect the wearer from the col

*

Kerosene Kerosene, paraffin, or lamp oil is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in aviation as well as households. Its name derives from el, κηρός (''keros'') meaning "wax", and was regi ...

— Discoverd in the 1840s by Abraham Gesne

Science and medicine

* A process for producing

calcium carbide Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of Ca C2. Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide. The pure material is colorless, while pieces of tec ...

for

Acetylene Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula and structure . It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure ...

was invented by

Thomas Willson Thomas Leopold "Carbide" Willson (March 14, 1860 – December 20, 1915) was a Canadian inventor. He was born on a farm near Princeton, Ontario, in 1860 and went to school in Hamilton, Ontario. By the age of 21, he had designed and patented t ...

in 1892. *

Artificial cardiac pacemaker An artificial cardiac pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the natural cardiac pacemaker) or pacemaker is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to the chambers of the heart ei ...

— invented by John A. Hopps in 1950/1951. *A process to extract

Bromine Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is the third-lightest element in group 17 of the periodic table (halogens) and is a volatile red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a simila ...

was invented by

Herbert Henry Dow Herbert Henry Dow (February 26, 1866 – October 15, 1930) was a Canadian-born American chemical industrialist who founded the American multinational conglomerate Dow Chemical. He was a graduate of Case Western Reserve University, Case School o ...

in 1890. * CPR mannequin — invented by Dianne Croteau in 1989. *

Ebola vaccine Ebola vaccines are vaccines either approved or in development to prevent Ebola. As of 2022, there are only vaccines against the Zaire ebolavirus. The first vaccine to be approved in the United States was rVSV-ZEBOV in December 2019. It had been ...

— discovered by researchers at the federal

Public Health Agency of Canada The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC; french: Agence de la santé publique du Canada, ASPC) is an agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health, emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic diseas ...

in 2014. * The first practical

electron microscope An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons, electron microscopes have a hi ...

was built by

James Hillier James Hillier, (August 22, 1915 – January 15, 2007) was a Canadian-American scientist and inventor who designed and built, with Albert Prebus, the first successful high-resolution electron microscope in North America in 1938. Biography B ...

and Arthur Prebus in 1939. * Explosives vapour detector EVD-1 — invented by Dr. Lorne Elias in 1985. *

Finite element method The finite element method (FEM) is a popular method for numerically solving differential equations arising in engineering and mathematical modeling. Typical problem areas of interest include the traditional fields of structural analysis, heat ...

, a method for numerically solving differential equations, invented by

Alexander Hrennikoff Alexander Pavlovich Hrennikoff (russian: Александр Павлович Хренников; 11 November 1896 — 31 December 1984) was a Russian-Canadian structural engineer, a founder of the Finite Element Method. Biography Alexander was b ...

Forensic pathology Forensic pathology is pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse. A post mortem examination is performed by a medical examiner or forensic pathologist, usually during the investigation of criminal law cases an ...

in policing — introduced by Dr. Frances McGill (1877–1959). *

Insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism o ...

— The process for extracting medicinal insulin was invented by

Frederick Banting Sir Frederick Grant Banting (November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, physician, painter, and Nobel laureate noted as the co-discoverer of insulin and its therapeutic potential. In 1923, Banting and J ...

, Charles Best, and

James Collip James Bertram Collip (November 20, 1892 – June 19, 1965) was a Canadian biochemist who was part of the Toronto group which isolated insulin. He served as the Chair of the Department of Biochemistry at McGill University from 1928–1941 an ...

(1922). *

Medium 199 Medium may refer to: Science and technology Aviation *Medium bomber, a class of war plane * Tecma Medium, a French hang glider design Communication * Media (communication), tools used to store and deliver information or data * Medium of ...

— the world's first purely synthetic

nutrient medium A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss ''Physcomitrella patens''. Different ...

for growing cells, discovered in 1945 by Dr. Raymond Parker of

Connaught Laboratories The Connaught Medical Research Laboratories was a non-commercial public health entity established by Dr. John G. FitzGerald in 1914 in Toronto to produce the diphtheria antitoxin. Contemporaneously, the institution was likened to the Pasteur Inst ...

at the

University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution ...

. Dr. Parker's achievement had a key role in the discovery of the

polio vaccine Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used: an inactivated poliovirus given by injection (IPV) and a weakened poliovirus given by mouth (OPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all chil ...

. *

Montreal Procedure Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-p ...

— a treatment for severe

epilepsy Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures can vary from brief and nearly undetectable periods to long periods of vigorous shaking due to abnormal electrical ...

invented by

Wilder Penfield Wilder Graves Penfield (January 26, 1891April 5, 1976) was an American Canadians, American-Physicians in Canada, Canadian neurosurgeon. He expanded brain surgery's methods and techniques, including mapping the functions of various regions of th ...

in 1930, allowing patients to remain awake and describe their reactions while the surgeon stimulates different areas of the brain. *NeisVac‑C — a

conjugate vaccine A conjugate vaccine is a type of subunit vaccine which combines a weak antigen with a strong antigen as a carrier so that the immune system has a stronger response to the weak antigen. Vaccines are used to prevent diseases by invoking an immune ...

developed in 1982 by Harold Jennings and his Ottawa-based team for immunizing against Group C

meningococcal meningitis Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium ''Neisseria meningitidis'' (also termed meningococcus). It has a high mortality rate if untreated but is vaccine-preventable. While best known as a cause of meningitis, it can a ...

. *Oil Red O — a Forensic science, forensic technique discovered by Alexandre Beaudoin in 2004. *Palm n’ Turn — child-proof container technology developed by Dr. Henri Breault in 1967. *Radon *Sucrose#Synthesis and biosynthesis of sucrose, Synthetic sucrose — invented by Dr. Raymond Lemieux in 1953. *Weevac 6 — a stretcher for babies invented by Wendy Murphy in 1985.

Sport, music, and entertainment

*Abdominizer — an abdominal exerciser invented by Dennis Colonello in 1984. *Basketball — invented by James Naismith in 1891. * Birchbark biting, Birchbark biting (art) * Baseball — The first ever recorded baseball type game in Canada was played in Beachville, Upper Canada on June 4, 183

* Contrabass bugle]

* Crokinole — invented by Eckhardt Wettlaufer in 187

* DigiSync — a barcode reader used in motion picture production that was invented by

; it won an Emmy Awards, Emmy in 1994 and Academy Award for Technical Achievement in 1998. * Electronic sackbut — invented by Hugh Le Caine in 1945 as a precursor to Voltage-controlled oscillator, voltage-controlled synthesizers. *Five-pin bowling — invented by Thomas F. Ryan in Toronto in 1909. * Goalie mask — invented by Jacques Plante in 1959. * Northwest Coast art, Haida Art — art originally created by aboriginals on the northwest coast of Canada *Ice Hockey, Ice hockey — invented in 19th-century Canada *Ice wars — hockey boxing matches *Instant replay — invented for CBC's ''Hockey Night in Canada'' in 1955. *Jockstrap, Jockstrap hard cup — added to the existing jockstrap undergarment by Guelph Elastic Hosiery in 1927. * Lacrosse — codified by William George Beers around 1860. * Pitchnut — flicking game from Canada *Ringette — invented by Sam Jacks and Mirl "Red" McCarthy in 1963. *Robb Wave Organ — world's first electric organ, invented and patented by Morse Robb in 1928. *Superman — co-created by Canadian cartoonist Joe Shuster in 1932.
Snocross
* Six String Nation *Table hockey games, Table hockey game — invented by Donald Munro (1930s). * Trivial Pursuit — invented by Chris Haney and Scott Abbott in 1979. * Tautirut — comes from the inuit culture in the north o
Canada
* Television Camera — F.C.P. Henroteau in 1934 * Qilaut — originates from the artic and the inui
culture

Tools and manufacturing

* Automatic Lubricating Cup — invented by

in 1872. *Caulking gun — invented by Theodore Witte in 1894. * Collerette ladder for firefighting — invented by Montréal firefighter Rodrigue Colleret and demonstrated in London in 1896. *A process for distilling

was invented by Abraham Gesner and made the fuel popular. *Paint roller — invented by Norman James Breakey of Toronto in 1940. *Robertson screw — invented by P. L. Robertson, Peter L. Robertson in 1908. * Rotary vane pump — invented by Charles Barnes and patented in 1874.

Transportation and mobility

* Air conditioning, Air-conditioned railway coach — invented by Henry Ruttan in 1858. *BIXI Montréal, BIXI — a public bicycle sharing system launched in Montreal in 2009. *Brunton compass — patented by David W. Brunton in 1894. *Canadarm — developed by staff of the SPAR Aerospace (1981). *Crash position indicator — invented by personnel of the National Research Council (Canada), National Research Council in the 1950s. *Compound steam engine for marine use — invented by Benjamin Franklin Tibbetts in 1842. *Canoe, Canadian Canoe

* Electric car heater — invented by

in 1890. *Motorized wheelchair, Electric wheelchair — invented by George Klein (inventor), George Klein in 1952 for Canada in World War II, World War II veterans. * Electrically controlled variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics), variable-pitch propeller — invented by Wallace Rupert Turnbull and tested at CFB Borden (1927). *Hydrofoil boat — invented by

and Casey Baldwin in 1908. *JACO — a robotic arm for wheelchair invented by Charles Deguire and Louis-Joseph Caron L'Écuyer from the Canadian technology company Kinova. *The first commercial jetliner to fly in North America — designed by James C. Floyd, the term jet airliner, ''jetliner'' being derived from his Avro Jetliner (1949). *Nodwell 110, a multi-purpose two-tracked vehicle - invented by Bruce Nodwell *Overhead power connection for Tram, electric streetcars — invented by John Joseph Wright (1883). *partial cloverleaf interchange, Parclo (partial cloverleaf) interchange — developed by planners at the Ministry of Transportation (Ontario), Ontario Department of Highways () *Quasiturbine — invented in 1996. *Road lines marker, Road lines — invented by John D. Millar, an engineer for the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, Ontario Department of Transport. The world's first road lines were subsequently painted on a stretch of highway between Ontario and Quebec in 1930. *Screw-propeller — invented by John Patch in 1833. *Bag tag, Separable baggage check — invented by John Michael Lyons in 1882. * Snowmobile — invented by Joseph-Armand Bombardier (1937). * TM4 Electrodynamic systems, TM4 MФTIVE — a lightweight magnet electric Magnet motor, motor invented by :fr:Pierre Couture, Pierre Couture in 1982. *Uno (dicycle), Uno dicycle — invented by Ben Gulak while still a teenager in 2006. *Wheelchair accessible, Wheelchair-accessible bus — invented by Walter Harris Callow in 1947.Ottawa Citizen - 23 Aug 1950
Callow's bus had a hydrolic ramp. The following year an accessibility bus with a manual ramp was used in Toronto. *Propeller (aeronautics), Variable Pitch Aircraft Propeller *ZENN — an electric car

Animal Breeds

* Canadian Eskimo Dog — is a working breed of dog native to the

. *Canadienne cattle * Cymric cat — The Cymric is a muscular, compact, medium-to-large cat that weighs between seven and thirteen pounds and has a strong bone structure. They appear unusually rounded and have a cobby body. * Canadian Arcott * Newfoundland dog — An unnamed Newfoundland is famous for saving Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte from drowning. * Canadian horse — is a breed of horse that is powerful, well-muscled, and typically dark in colour. * Chantecler chicken * Hare Indian Dog * Lac La Croix Indian Pony * Landseer dog — canine breed the Landseer was developed in Canada. In continental Europe, a black and white variant of the Newfoundland is acknowledged as a distinct breed. * Lacombe pig — Breed of swine from Alberta
Labrador Retriever
* Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever — a hunting-focused medium-sized Gun dog, gundog breed. * Newfoundland sheep * Red Shaver — a sex-related breed of chicken called the Red Shaver was created in Canada. * Speckle Park * Sphynx cat — Cats of the Canadian Sphynx breed are distinguished by their lack of fur. * St. John's water dog * Tahltan Bear Dog * Tonkinese cat — Tonkinese cats are intelligent, loud, lively, and typically people-oriented.

Holidays & Events

* Canada Day * Thanksgiving (Canada), Thanksgiving — First celebrated in 1578 in Nunavut]

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thanksgiving-day] * wiktionary:ramp ceremony, Ramp Ceremony

Occupations

Log driving

References

External links and further reading

*
Top 100 Inventions Made in Canada
" ''ThoughtCo''. * Roy Mayer, ''Inventing Canada: 100 Years of Innovation''. {{Canada topics Canadian inventions, Lists of inventions or discoveries, Canadian Canada history-related lists, Inventions and discoveries

Inventions and improvements

Computing, film, and animation

Communications

Food and agriculture

Climate-related

Defence

Domestic life & Fashion

Science and medicine

Sport, music, and entertainment

Tools and manufacturing

Transportation and mobility

Animal Breeds

Holidays & Events

Occupations

See also

References

External links and further reading