The Balkan endemic plants includes a number of unique
taxa
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
and (
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
,
subspecies,
variety
Variety may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Entertainment formats
* Variety (radio)
* Variety show, in theater and television
Films
* ''Variety'' (1925 film), a German silent film directed by Ewald Andre Dupont
* ''Variety'' (1935 film), ...
and
forms
Form is the shape, visual appearance, or configuration of an object. In a wider sense, the form is the way something happens.
Form also refers to:
*Form (document), a document (printed or electronic) with spaces in which to write or enter data
* ...
) that are widespread in a variety of sizes
area
Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a region on the plane or on a curved surface. The area of a plane region or ''plane area'' refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while '' surface area'' refers to the area of an ope ...
and,
including
stenoendemics.
The following list of endemic plants on the
Balkans
The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
includes all known taxa in this category, from
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
(including
Pindus mountain system),
Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...
,
Kosovo
Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...
,
North Macedonia
North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Yugoslavia. It ...
,
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
,
Montenegro
)
, image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Podgorica
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, official_languages = M ...
,
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
and
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
. The Northeast limit of this area is the
Sava
The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally t ...
river valley. the border continues along the
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...
, including most of
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
, and southeast to the European part of
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
. It includes
Pannonian zone of the
Balkans
The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
up to southern
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
.
Observed
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...
s are classified in 163
genera and 52
families
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideal ...
.
[Webb D. A. (1966): 'The Flora of European Turkey'. ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy'', 6: 1-100.]
Endemic taxa
A
*''
Abies borisii-regis
''Abies borisii-regis'' (Bulgarian fir) is a species of fir native to the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula in Bulgaria, northern Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Albania and Serbia. It occurs at altitudes of 800–1,800 m, on mo ...
'',
Pinaceae
The Pinaceae, or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly kn ...
*''
Abies cephalonica
''Abies cephalonica'' or Greek fir is a fir native to the mountains of Greece, primarily in the Peloponnesos and the island of Kefallonia, intergrading with the closely related Bulgarian fir further north in the Pindus mountains of northern Gre ...
'', Pinaceae
*''
Abies omorika
Firs (''Abies'') are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae. They are found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to ...
'',
Pinaceae
The Pinaceae, or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly kn ...
*''
Acanthus balcanicus
''Acanthus balcanicus'', is an endemism, endemic herbaceous perennial plant in the genus ''Acanthus (plant), Acanthus'', native to the Balcans, Balkan peninsula, up to Dalmatia. This plant is also cultivated in many European and American gardens. ...
'',
Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in tem ...
*''
Acer heldreichii
''Acer heldreichii'' is a species of maple in the flowering plant family Sapindaceae. Commonly called Balkan maple, Greek maple, Heldreich's maple, or mountain maple the species is native to the Balkan Peninsula east along the southern and easte ...
,
Aceraceae
Aceraceae were recognized as a family of flowering plants also called the maple family. They contain two to four genera, depending upon the circumscription, of some 120 species of trees and shrubs. A common characteristic is that the leaves are ...
*''
Achillea ageratifolia
''Achillea ageratifolia'', the Balkan yarrow or Greek yarrow, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, native to Greece and Bulgaria. Growing to tall and broad, it is a compact herbaceous perennial. It is a highly varia ...
'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Achillea clypeolata'', Asteraceae
*''
Achillea depressa'', Asteraceae
*''
Achillea pannonica'', Asteraceae
*''
Acinos majoranifolius'',
Lamiaceae
*''
Acinos orontius, Lamiaceae (Labiateae)
*''
Alchemilla jumrukczalica'',
Rosaceae
*''
Alchemilla vranicensis'', Rosaceae
*''
Alkanna pulmonaria ssp. noneiformis'',
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...
*''
Allium melanantherum'',
Amaryllidaceae
*''
Alyssum doerfleri'',
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Alyssum mellendorffianum'',
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Amphoricarpus bertisceus
''Cariniana'' is a genus of trees in the family Lecythidaceae, first described as a genus in 1842. The entire genus is native to South America. Many are of importance for timber production. Species of this genus may be known commonly as ''jequi ...
'',
Lecythidaceae
The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250–300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America, Africa (including Madagascar), Asia and Australia.
The most important member of the family in world trade is the B ...
*''
Amphoricarpus neumayeri'', Lecythidaceae
*''
Anemone transsilvanica,
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
*''
Anthemis carpatica'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Anthemis jordanovii'', Asteraceae
*''
Aquilegia amaliae var. dinarica'', Ranunculaceae
*''
Aquilegia chrysantha var. aurea'', Ranunculaceae
*''
Aquilegia dinarica'',
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
*''
Aquilegia grata'', Ranunculaceae
*''
Aquilegia nigricans ssp. subscaposa,
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
*''
Arabis ferdinandi-coburgii'',
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Arenaria rhodopaea'',
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Arnebia densiflora,
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...
*''
Asperula hercegovina'',
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules a ...
*''
Aster tripolium ssp. pannonicus'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Astragalus alopecurus'',
Fabaceae
*''
Astragalus exscapus'', Fabaceae
*''
Astragalus peterfii'', Fabaceae
*''
Astragalus physocalyx
''Astragalus'' is a large genus of over 3,000 species of herbs and small shrubs, belonging to the legume family Fabaceae and the subfamily Faboideae. It is the largest genus of plants in terms of described species. The genus is native to tempe ...
'', Fabaceae
*''
Astragalus pseudopurpureus, Fabaceae
*''
Astragalus roemeri'',
Fabaceae
*''
Athamanta macedonica'',
Apiaceae
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus '' Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plan ...
*''
Athamanta turbith ssp hungarica'', Apiaceae
*''
Avenochloa decora'',
Poaceae
B
*''
Barbarea bosniaca'',
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Barbarea vulgaris
''Barbarea vulgaris'', also called wintercress (usual common name), or alternatively herb barbara, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, winter rocket, yellow rocket, and wound rocket, is a biennial herb of the genus '' Barbarea'', belonging to the fa ...
'', Brassicaceae
*''
Brassica nivalis ssp. jordanoffii'', Brassicaceae
*''
Bromopsis moesiaca'',
Poaceae
*''
Bruckenthalia spiculifolia'',
Ericaceae
The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...
*''
Bupleurum aristatum var. karglii,
Apiaceae
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus '' Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plan ...
C
*''
Campanopsis dalmatica'',
Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belo ...
*''
Campanula albanica'', Campanulaceae
*''
Campanula cespitosa'',
*''
Campanula elatines var. fenestrellata'', Campanulaceae
*''
Campanula graminifolia var. linearifolia'',
Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belo ...
*''
Campanula hercegovina'', Campanulaceae
*''
Campanula jacquinii ssp. rumeliana'', Campanulaceae
*''
Campanula linifolia ssp. justiniana'', Campanulaceae
*''
Campanula oreadum'', Campanulaceae
*''
Campanula romanica, Campanulaceae
*''
Campanula scutellata'', Campanulaceae
*''
Campanula tommasiniana'',
Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belo ...
*''
Campanula velebitica'', Campanulaceae
*''
Campanula waldsteiniana'', Campanulaceae
*''
Cardamine maritima'',
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Carduus collinus
''Carduus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, and the tribe Cardueae, one of two genera considered to be true thistles, the other being ''Cirsium''. Plants of the genus are known commonly as plumeless thistles. ,
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Carduus kerneri ssp. lobulatiformis'', Asteraceae
*''
Carduus rhodopaeus'', Asteraceae
*''
Carum velenovskyi'',
Apiaceae
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus '' Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plan ...
*''
Centaurea achtarovii'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Centaurea biokovensis'', Asteraceae
*''
Centaurea derventana'', Asteraceae (Compositae)
*''
Centaurea jankae'', Asteraceae
*''
Centaurea kernerana'', Asteraceae
*''
Centaurea macedonica'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Centaurea mannagettae, Asteraceae
*''
Centaurea parilica, Asteraceae
*''
Centaurea phrygia ssp. rarauensis'',
*''
Centaurea phrygia ssp. ratezatensis'', Asteraceae
*''
Centaurea pinnatifida'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Centaurea pontica'', Asteraceae
*''
Centaurea trichocephala
''Centaurea'' () is a genus of over 700 species of herbaceous thistle-like flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Members of the genus are found only north of the equator, mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere; the Middle East and surrounding reg ...
'', Asteraceae
*''
Cephalaria radiata'',
Caprifoliaceae
The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America an ...
*''
Cerastium banaticum
''Cerastium'' is a genus of annual, winter annual, or perennial plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. They are commonly called mouse-ear chickweed. Species are found nearly worldwide but the greatest concentration is in the northern tem ...
'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Cerastium decalvans, Caryophyllaceae
*''
Cerastium fontanum ssp. grandiflorum'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Cerastium transsylvanicum'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Chamaecytisus tommasinii'',
Fabaceae
*''
Chamaedrys ecytisus tommasinii'',
Fabaceae (Papilionaceae)
*''
Chamaedrys montana'',
Lamiaceae
*''
Chondrilla urumovii'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Cicerbita pancicii'', Asteraceae
*''
Cirsium appendiculatum'', Asteraceae
*''
Cirsium brachycephalum'', Asteraceae
*''
Clinopodium frivaldszkyanum'',
Lamiaceae
*''
Colchicum bulbocodioides ssp. hungaricum'',
Colchicaceae
Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 15 genera with a total of about 285 known species according to Christenhusz and Byng in 2016.
Description
The family is characterized by the presence of colchicine.
Taxonomy
The APG III ...
*''
Colchicum callicymbium'', Colchicaceae
*''
Colchicum hungaricum var. doerfleri'', Colchicaceae
*''
Corothamnus agnipilus'',
Fabaceae
*''
Corothamnus rectipilosus'', Fabaceae
*''
Crepis dinarica'', Compositae (
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
)
*''
Crepis macedonia'', Asteraceae
*''
Crepis pantocseki'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
(Cichoriaceae)
*''
Crepis praemorsa ssp. dinarica'', Asteraceae
*''
Crepis schachtii'', Asteraceae
*''
Crocus cvijicii'',
Iridaceae
Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It include ...
*''
Crocus lageniflorus var. oliverianus'', Iridaceae
*''
Crocus scardicus'', Iridaceae
*''
Cyanus napuliferus'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Cynoglossum hungaricum'',
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...
D
*''
Daphne malyana,
Thymelaeaceae
The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Website, St. Louis. It ...
*Daphne pontica, Thymelaeaceae
*''
Degenia velebitica'', Brassicaceae
*Delphinium simonkaianum, Ranunculaceae
*Dianthus bertisceus, Caryophyllaceae
*''
Dianthus callizonus'',
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Dianthus carthusianorum ssp. tenuifolius'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Dianthus freyni'',
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Dianthus glacilis ssp. gelidus'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Dianthus henteri'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Dianthus knapii'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Dianthus petraeus'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Dianthus spiculifolius,
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Dioscorea balcanica'',
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscoreaceae () is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 715 known species in nine genera. The best-known member of the family is the yam (some species of ''Dioscorea'').
The APG system (1998) and APG II system (2003) both ...
*''
Draba dorneri
''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses).
Species
There are over 400 species:
*'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz
*'' ...
'',
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Draba haynaldii
''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses).
Species
There are over 400 species:
*'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz
*'' ...
'', Brassicaceae
*''
Draba simonkaiana, Brassicaceae
E
*''
Echinops bannaticus'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Edraianthus glisicii'',
Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belo ...
*''
Edraianthus graminifolius ssp. niveus'', Campanulaceae
*''
Edraianthus niveus
''Edraianthus'' (rock bells or grassy bells) is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae. ''Edraianthus'' species are native to mountain regions of the Balkan, including Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia, an ...
'', Campanulaceae
*''
Edraianthus serpyllifolius ssp. dinaricus'', Campanulaceae
*''
Edraianthus sutjeskae
''Edraianthus sutjeskae'', or Sutjeska's rockbell, is the endemic plant of the family ''Campanulaceae ''. This species is separated from populations of '' Edraianthus serpylifolius''.Šilić Č. (1990): Endemične biljke, 3. izdanje. Svjetlost ...
'',
Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belo ...
*''
Ephedra major'',
Ephedraceae
Ephedraceae is a family of gymnosperms belonging to Gnetophyta, it contains only a single extant genus, '' Ephedra'', as well as a number of extinct genera from the Early Cretaceous.
Taxonomy
File:Eamesia chinensis.png, '' Eamesia''
File:Chengi ...
*''
Eranthus hyemalis var. bulgaricus'',
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
*''
Eryngium palmatum'',
Apiaceae
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus '' Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plan ...
*''
Eryngium serbicum'', Apiaceae
*''
Eulsatilla rhodopaea'', Ranunculaceae
*''
Euphorbia gregersenii'',
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, ...
*''
Euphorbion myrsinitum'', Euphorbiaceae
F
*''
Festuca bucegiensis,
Poaceae
*''
Festuca nitida'' ssp. ''flaccida'', Poaceae
*''
Festuca rupicola'' ssp. ''pachyphylla'', Poaceae
*''
Festuca versicolor'', Poaceae
*''
Forsythia europaea'',
Oleaceae
Oleaceae, also known as the olive family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales, It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct.Peter S. Green. 2004. "Oleaceae". pages 2 ...
*''
Fritillaria drenovskii,
Liliaceae
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair a ...
*''
Fritillaria pontica'', Liliaceae
*''
Fumaria jankae'',
Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, informally known as the poppy family. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperat ...
G
*''
Galatella albanica'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Galium capitatum'',
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules a ...
*''
Galium demissum ssp. stojanovii'', Rubiaceae
*''
Galium rhodopeum'',
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules a ...
*''
Galium valantioides var. baillonii'',
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules a ...
*''
Genista lydia
''Genista lydia'', Lydian broom, dwarf broom, or common woadwaxen (a name it shares with ''Genista tinctoria''), is a species in the genus ''Genista'', native to the Balkans, Turkey and Syria. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award ...
'' ssp. ''rumelica'',
Fabaceae
*''
Gentiana albanica'',
Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 103 genera and about 1600 species.
Etymology
The family takes its name from the genus '' Gentiana'', named after the Illyrian king Gentius.
Distribution
Distribution is cosmopolitan.
Characteri ...
*''
Gentiana dinarica'',
Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 103 genera and about 1600 species.
Etymology
The family takes its name from the genus '' Gentiana'', named after the Illyrian king Gentius.
Distribution
Distribution is cosmopolitan.
Characteri ...
*''
Gentiana laevicalyx'', Gentianaceae
*''
Gentiana pontica'', Gentianaceae
*''
Gentianella bulgarica'', Gentianaceae
*''
Geum bulgaricum'',
Rosaceae
*''
Geum rhodopeum'', Rosaceae
*''
Globularia cordifolia
''Globularia cordifolia'', the heart-leaved globe daisy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae, native to the mountains of central and southern Europe, and western Turkey.
It is a mat-forming evergreen perennial growing to ...
'',
Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain." In older cl ...
*''
Goniolimon besseranum'', Plumbaginaceae
H
*''
Haberlea rhodopensis,
Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), wi ...
*''
Halacsya sendtneri,
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...
*''
Halacsya sendtneri'', Boraginaceae
*''
Haplophyllum balcanicum'',
Rutaceae
The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rue[RUTACEAE](_blank)
in BoDD – Botanical Der ...
*''
Heliosperma retzdorffianum,
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Heptaptera macedonica
''Heptaptera'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.
Its native range is Southeastern Europe to Iran.
Species:
*''Heptaptera alata''
*''Heptaptera anatolica''
*''Heptaptera angustifolia''
*''Heptaptera anisopetala' ...
'',
Apiaceae
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus '' Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plan ...
*''
Herniaria olympica'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Hesperis dinarica'', Brassicaceae
*''
Hesperis matronalis ssp. nivea,
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Hesperis matronalis ssp. schurii, Brassicaceae
*''
Hieracium praebiharicum'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Hippocrepis comosa,
Fabaceae
*''
Hypericum cerastoides'',
Hypericaceae
Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. '' ...
*''
Hypericum rhodopeum'', Hypericaceae
I
*''
Iberis sempervirens'',
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Inula macedonicus'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Inula verbascifolia ssp. aschersoniana'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Iris bosniaca'',
Iridaceae
Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It include ...
*''
Iris suaveolens'', Iridaceae
*''
Ixoca macrantha'',
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
J
*''
Jasione montana f. heldreichii,
Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belo ...
*''
Jasionella bulgarica'', Campanulaceae
*''
Johrenia distans'',
Apiaceae
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus '' Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plan ...
*''
Juncellus pannonicus'',
Cyperaceae
*''
Juniperus sabina
''Juniperus sabina'', the savin juniper or savin, is a species of juniper native to the mountains of central and southern Europe and western and central Asia, from Spain to eastern Siberia, typically growing at altitudes of .Farjon, A. (2005). ' ...
'',
Cupressaceae
*''
Jurinea tzar-ferdinandii,
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
K
*''
Kitaibela vitifolia,
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ...
*''
Knautia albanica'',
Caprifoliaceae
The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America an ...
*''
Knautia macedonica'', Caprifoliaceae
*''
Knautia sarajevoensis'',
Caprifoliaceae
The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America an ...
*''
Koeleria subaristata,
Poaceae
L
*''
Lathraea rhodopaea
''Lathraea'' (toothwort) is a small genus of five to seven species of flowering plants, native to temperate Europe and Asia. They are parasitic plants on the roots of other plants, and are completely lacking chlorophyll. They are classified in th ...
,
Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ''Striga'') were formerly included in th ...
*''
Lathyrus binatus'',
Fabaceae
*''
Lathyrus panicicii'', Fabaceae
*''
Leucanthemum chloratum, Asteraceae
*''
Lilium bosniacum
''Lilium bosniacum'' is a lily native to Bosnia and Herzegovina. It's also known as ''Zlatni Ljiljan'' ( Bosnian for golden lily) and ''Bosanski Ljiljan'' (Bosnian lily).
''L. bosniacum'' has often been lumped and split and lumped again. Some ...
'',
Liliaceae
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair a ...
*''
Lilium cattaniae'', Liliaceae
*''
Lilium pyrenaicum var. albanicum'', Liliaceae
*''
Lilium pyrenaicum var. jankae'', Liliaceae
*''
Lilium rhodopeum'',
Liliaceae
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair a ...
*''
Limonium asterotrichum,
Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family.
Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow ...
*''
Linum dolomiticum'',
Linaceae
Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of ...
*''
Linum elegans'', Linaceae
*''
Linum rhodopeum'',
Linaceae
Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of ...
*''
Linum thracicum'', Linaceae
*''
Linum uninerve'', Linaceae
M
*''
Malcolmia orsiniana ssp. orsiniana,
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Marrubium friwaldskyanum,
Lamiaceae
*''
Marrubium velutinum,
Lamiaceae
*''
Melampyrum dorflerii,
Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
*''
Melampyrum trichocalycinum, Scrophulariaceae
*''
Merendera rhodopea'',
Colchicaceae
Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 15 genera with a total of about 285 known species according to Christenhusz and Byng in 2016.
Description
The family is characterized by the presence of colchicine.
Taxonomy
The APG III ...
*''
Minuartia bosniaca,
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Minuartia cataractarum, Caryophyllaceae
*''
Minuartia halacsyi, Caryophyllaceae
*''
Minuartia handeii,
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Minuartia hirsuta'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Minuartia velutina'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Moltkia doerfleri'',
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...
N
*''
Narthecium scardicum'',
Nartheciaceae
Nartheciaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG III system places it in the order Dioscoreales, in the clade monocots. As circumscribed by APG IV (2016) it includes 35 species of herbaceous plants in the following five genera:
* ''Aletr ...
*''
Navicularia scardica,
Lamiaceae
*''
Noccaea bellidifolia
''Noccaea'' is a problematic genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to temperate areas of western North America, southern South America, northern Africa, Europe and Asia.
Species
Currently accepted species include:
*''Nocc ...
,
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Noccaea kovatsii
''Noccaea'' is a problematic genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to temperate areas of western North America, southern South America, northern Africa, Europe and Asia.
Species
Currently accepted species include:
*'' Noc ...
'', Brassicaceae
*''
Noccaea praecox
''Noccaea'' is a problematic genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to temperate areas of western North America, southern South America, northern Africa, Europe and Asia.
Species
Currently accepted species include:
*'' Noc ...
'',
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
O
*''
Onobrychis montana'',
Fabaceae
*''
Onosma rhodopea'',
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...
*''
Onosma thracica'', Boraginaceae
*''
Onosma visianii,
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...
*''
Origanum striatum'',
Lamiaceae
*''
Ornithogalum orthophyllum ssp. acuminatum,
Asparagaceae
*''
Ornithogalum umbellatum ssp. orthophyllum'', Asparagaceae
*''
Oxyropis prenja,
Fabaceae
*''
Oxytropis jacquinii
''Oxytropis'' is a genus of plants in the Fabaceae, legume family. It is one of three genera of plants known as locoweeds, and are notorious for being toxic to grazing animals. The other locoweed genus is the closely related ''Astragalus''. Ther ...
, Fabaceae
*''
Oxytropis prenja
''Oxytropis prenja'' (G. Beck) G. Beck in Reichenb. & Reichenb. Fil. (synonyms: ''O. halleri'' Bunge ex Koch var. ''prenja'' G. Beck, in Bosnian ''Prenjska osivnica'' (Prenj's locoweed) or ''Prenjska oštrica'') is a species of flowering plant ...
, Fabaceae
P
*''
Papaver corona-sancti-stephani,
Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, informally known as the poppy family. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperat ...
*''
Paronychia kapela,
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Pedicularis brachyodonta
''Pedicularis'' is a genus of perennial green root parasite plants currently placed in the family Orobanchaceae (the genus previously having been placed in Scrophulariaceae '' sensu lato'').
Description
Between 350 and 600 species are acce ...
'',
Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ''Striga'') were formerly included in th ...
*''
Pedicularis hoermanniana,
Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
*''
Pedicularis orthantha, Orobanchaceae
*''
Peridictyon sanctum'',
Poaceae
*''
Petteria ramentacea'',
Fabaceae
*''
Picea omorika,
Pinaceae
The Pinaceae, or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly kn ...
*''
Pimpinella serbicum'',
Apiaceae
Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus '' Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plan ...
*''
Pinguicula balcanica'',
Lentibulariaceae
Lentibulariaceae is a family of carnivorous plants containing three genera: ''Genlisea'', the corkscrew plants; ''Pinguicula'', the butterworts; and ''Utricularia'', the bladderworts.
The genera ''Polypompholyx'' (two species of pink petticoats ...
*''
Pinguicula hirtiflora'', Lentibulariaceae
*''
Pinus heldreichii
''Pinus heldreichii'' (synonym ''P. leucodermis''; family Pinaceae), the Bosnian pine or Heldreich’s pine, is a species of pine native to mountainous areas of the Balkans and southern Italy.
Description
It is an evergreen tree up to in height ...
'',
Pinaceae
The Pinaceae, or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly kn ...
*''
Pinus nigra ssp. dalmatica'', Pinaceae
*''
Plantago atrata'',
Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain." In older cl ...
*''
Poa dolosa'',
Poaceae
*''
Poa granitica ssp. disparilis, Poaceae
*''
Polygala carniolica,
Polygalaceae
The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ''ca''. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one ...
*''
Polygala rhodoptera'', Polygalaceae
*''
Polygala supina'',
Polygalaceae
The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ''ca''. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one ...
*''
Potentilla chrysantha'',
Rosaceae
*''
Potentilla deorum'', Rosaceae
*''
Potentilla fruticosa'',
Rosaceae
*''
Primula auricula ssp. serratifolia,
Primulaceae
The Primulaceae , commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though som ...
*''
Primula deorum, Primulaceae
*''
Primula frondosa'',
Primulaceae
The Primulaceae , commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though som ...
*''
Primula kitaibeliana, Primulaceae
*''
Primula kitaibeliana'', Primulaceae
*''
Primula wulfeniana'',
Primulaceae
The Primulaceae , commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though som ...
*''
Puccinellia limosa'',
Poaceae
*''
Pulsatilla slavjankae'',
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
R
*''
Ramonda heldreichii'', syn. ''Jankaea heldreichii'',
Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), wi ...
*''
Ramonda nathaliae'',
Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), wi ...
*''
Ramonda serbica
''Ramonda serbica'', also known as Serbian ramonda and Serbian phoenix flower, is a species in the family Gesneriaceae. It is one of the few European representatives of this family, found in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia and Serbia. ...
'', Gesneriaceae
*''
Ranunculus hayekii'',
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
*''
Ranunculus illyricus, Ranunculaceae
*''
Ranunculus montenegrinus'', Ranunculaceae
*''
Ranunculus pedatus'',
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
*''
Ranunculus sartorianus, Ranunculaceae
*''
Ranunculus serbicus'', Ranunculaceae
*''
Rheum rhaponticum
''Rheum rhaponticum'', the false rhubarb, rhapontic rhubarb or rhapontic, is a plant species in the genus '' Rheum'' found in the wild. It is the only ''Rheum'' species found only in Europe, and is now restricted to the Rila mountain range in sou ...
'',
Polygonaceae
The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus '' Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1 ...
*''
Rorippa lippizensis'',
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*''
Rosa balcarica'',
Rosaceae
*''
Rosa parilica'', Rosaceae
*''
Rumex balcanicus',
Polygonaceae
The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus '' Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1 ...
S
*''
Salvia brachiodon'', Lamiaceae
*''
Salvia eichleriana'', Lamiaceae
*''
Salvia pratense var. varbossania'',
Lamiaceae
*''
Saponaria sicula ssp. stranjensis'',
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Satureja horvatii'', Lamiaceae
*''
Satureja rumelica'', Lamiaceae
*''
Saxifraga ferdinandi-coburgi'',
Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The fa ...
*''
Saxifraga mutata ssp. demissa, Saxifragaceae
*''
Saxifraga prenja'', Saxifragaceae
*''
Saxifraga stribrnyi'', Saxifragaceae
*''
Scabiosa rhodopensis'',
Caprifoliaceae
The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America an ...
*''
Scilla litardierei'',
Asparagaceae
*''
Sclarea transsylvanica'',
Lamiaceae
*''
Scorodonia arduinii'', Lamiaceae
*''
Scrophularia aestivalis'',
Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
*''
Scrophularia bosniaca'',
Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
*''
Scrophularia tristis'', Scrophulariaceae
*''
Secale strictum'',
Poaceae
*''
Sedum kostovii'',
Crassulaceae
The Crassulaceae (from Latin ''crassus'', thick), also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a unique form of photosynthesis, known as Crass ...
*''
Sedum stefco'', Crassulaceae
*''
Sedum zollikoferi'', Crassulaceae
*''
Senecio bosniacus'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Senecio macedonicus'', Asteraceae
*''
Senecio pancicii'', Asteraceae
*''
Seseli leucospermum'', Apiaceae
*''
Sibiraea laevigata'',
Rosaceae
*''
Sibirea croatica'', Rosaceae
*''
Silene altaica'',
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Silene balcanica'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene degeneri'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene dinarica
''Silene'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many ''Silene'' species are widely distributed, particularl ...
'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene flavescens'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene gigantea'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene hayekiana'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene nivalis
''Silene nivalis'' is a flowering plant in the pink family (Caryophyllaceae) native to Romania. A smut fungus, ''Microbotryum violaceum
''Microbotryum violaceum'', also known as the anther smut fungus, was formerly known as ''Ustilago violace ...
'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene pindicola'',
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*''
Silene reichenbachii'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene retzdorffiana, Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene trojanensis
''Silene'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many ''Silene'' species are widely distributed, particularl ...
, Caryophyllaceae
*''
Silene vallesia ssp. graminea'', Caryophyllaceae
*''
Siphonostegia syriaca'',
Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ''Striga'') were formerly included in th ...
*''
Soldanella hungarica'',
Primulaceae
The Primulaceae , commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though som ...
*''
Soldanella pindicola'', Primulaceae
*''
Solenanthus stamineus,
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...
*''
Sorbus bordasii'',
Rosaceae
*''
Sorbus graeca
''Sorbus graeca'', also known as the Greek whitebeam and fan-leaved service-tree is a species of whitebeam, member of the genus ''Sorbus'' in the rose family (Rosaceae).
Description
Distribution and habitat
The tree is native to most of ...
'', Rosaceae
*''
Stachys iva'',
Lamiaceae
*''
Stachys spinulosa ssp. milanii'', Lamiaceae
*''
Strobus peuce'',
Pinaceae
The Pinaceae, or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly kn ...
*''
Succisella petteri
''Succisella'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae. There are four or five species in the genus. They are all native to Europe; three are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.Amich, F., Devesa, J. A., & Bernardos, S. (2004)Tax ...
'',
Dipsacaceae
The Dipsacaceae have been recognized as a family (the teasel family) of the order Dipsacales containing 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs in eleven genera. The species are currently placed in the family Caprifoliaceae. Native ...
*''
Symphiandra hofmannii'',
Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belo ...
T
*''
Thelapsi dacicum ssp. banaticum'',
Orchidaceae
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...
*''
Thesium kernerianum'',
Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbersHewson & George t al.br>''Santalaceae'' taxonomy, 1984, pp. 191-194.) which, like other mem ...
*''
Thymus bihoriensis'',
Lamiaceae
*''
Thymus stojanovii'', Lamiaceae
*''
Tithymalus barrelieri ssp. hercegovinus'',
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, ...
*''
Tithymalus gregersenii, Euphorbiaceae
*''
Tithymalus montenegrinus'', Euphorbiaceae
*''
Tithymalus velenovskyi,
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, ...
*''
Tragopogon balcanicus,
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
*''
Trifolium durmitoreum'',
Fabaceae
*''
Trifolium velenowskyi, Fabaceae
*''
Trifolium wettsteinii'',
Fabaceae
*''
Trisetum altaicum'',
Poaceae
*''
Tulipa hungarica var. urumoffii,
Liliaceae
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair a ...
*''
Tulipa pavlovii'',
Liliaceae
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair a ...
*''
Tulipa rhodopea'', Liliaceae
V
*''
Verbascum balcanicum'',
Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
*''
Verbascum bosnense'', Scrophulariaceae
*''
Verbascum davidovii'', Scrophulariaceae
*''
Verbascum durmitoreum
''Verbascum'' is a genus of over 450 species of flowering plants, common name mullein (), in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean.
Mullein or "mullein le ...
'',
Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
*''
Verbascum humile ssp. rhodopaeum, Scrophulariaceae
*''
Verbascum pelium
''Verbascum'' is a genus of over 450 species of flowering plants, common name mullein (), in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean.
Mullein or "mullein le ...
'',
Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
*''
Veronica rhodopaea'',
Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain." In older cl ...
*''
Veronica saturejoides'', Plantaginaceae
*''
Veronica saturejoides'', Plantaginaceae
*''
Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa'', Plantaginaceae
*''
Vicia montenegrina'',
Fabaceae
*''
Vicia ochroleuca ssp. dinara'', Fabaceae
*''
Viola calcarata'', Violaceae
*''
Viola dacica,
Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies.
Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed t ...
*''
Viola delphinantha'', Violaceae
*''
Viola grisebachiana'',
Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies.
Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed t ...
*''
Viola jooi'', Violaceae
*''
Viola orphanidis,
Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies.
Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed t ...
*''
Viola perinensis'', Violaceae
*''
Viola rhodopeia'', Violaceae
*''
Viola tricolor ssp. macedonica'', Violaceae
*''
Viola vilaensis,
Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies.
Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed t ...
W
*''
Wahlenbergia graminifolia'',
Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belo ...
*''
Wahlenbergia serbica'', Campanulaceae
*''
Wulfenia baldaccii'',
Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain." In older cl ...
*''
Wulfenia blecicii'', Plantaginaceae
*''
Wulfenia rohlenae'', Plantaginaceae
Y
*''
Youngia altaica'',
Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
References
{{Reflist
Flora of Europe by region
Biogeography
Environment of the Balkans
Biota of the Balkans