This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa.

Separatism Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greate ...

includes

autonomism Autonomism, also known as autonomist Marxism is an anti-capitalist left-wing political and social movement and theory. As a theoretical system, it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tendenc ...

and

secession Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics le ...

ism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria: #They are active movements with living, active members. #They are seeking greater autonomy or

self-determination The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a ''jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It stat ...

for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). #They are the citizen/inhabitants of the conflict area and do not come from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: *''De facto'' state: for regions with ''

de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...

'' autonomy from the government *Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding

sovereign state A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a polity, political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defin ...

*Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession **''De facto'' autonomous government: for governments with ''de facto'' autonomous control over a region **Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control **Political party (or parties): for

political parties A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or pol ...

involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession **Militant organisation(s): for armed separatist organisations **Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities **

Ethnic An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...

ethno-religious An ethnoreligious group (or an ethno-religious group) is a grouping of people who are unified by a common religious and ethnic background. Furthermore, the term ethno-religious group, along with ethno-regional and ethno-linguistic groups, is a s ...

racial A race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. The term came into common usage during the 1500s, when it was used to refer to groups of variou ...

regional In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...

religious Religion is usually defined as a social system, social-cultural system of designated religious behaviour, behaviors and practices, morality, morals, beliefs, worldviews, religious text, texts, sacred site, sanctified places, prophecy, prophecie ...

group(s)

Algeria

Kabylia Kabylia ('' Kabyle: Tamurt n Leqbayel'' or ''Iqbayliyen'', meaning "Land of Kabyles", '','' meaning "Land of the Tribes") is a cultural, natural and historical region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of th ...

* Ethnic group:

Kabyle people The Kabyle people ( kab, Izwawen or ''Leqbayel'' or ''Iqbayliyen'', ) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across the Atlas Mountains, east of Algiers. They represent the largest Berber-speaking populat ...

** Proposed state:

(

Berber language The Berber languages, also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight,, ber, label=Tuareg Tifinagh, ⵜⵎⵣⵗⵜ, ) are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They comprise a group of closely related languages spoken by Berber commun ...

: ''Tagduda Taqbaylit''). ** Government-in-exile: Kabyle Provisional Government (ANAVAD AQVAYLI UΣTIL). ** Movement leader:

Ferhat Mehenni Ferhat Imazighen Imula, also known as Ferhat Mehenni ( Kabyle: Ferḥat Mehenni or Ferḥat Imazighen Imula, born March 5, 1951), is a an Algerian Kabyle political activist, singer, and founder and first President of the Movement for the Auton ...

. ** Political party:

Movement for the self-determination of Kabylie The Movement for the self-determination of Kabylie (MAK; Kabyle: ''Amussu i ufraniman n tmurt n iqbayliyen''; french: Mouvement pour l’autodétermination de la Kabylie, named Movement for the autonomy of Kabylie ( Kabyle: ''Afraniman i Tmurt n Y ...

(Mak-Anavad).

Etat Pied-Noir État Pied-Noir refers to the claim made by certain Pied-Noir persons and organisations to sovereignty and nationhood. History The Pied-Noir are a people of European peoples, European-origin born in French colonization of Algeria, French-occupie ...

:* Ethnic group:

Pieds-Noirs The ''Pieds-Noirs'' (; ; ''Pied-Noir''), are the people of French and other European descent who were born in Algeria during the period of French rule from 1830 to 1962; the vast majority of whom departed for mainland France as soon as Alger ...

:* Political party:

:* Status: Active (Established in 2016)

Angola

Central-Eastern Angola *Ethnic group: Flag of Lunda Tchokwe

Lunda-Tchokwé people ** Proposed state: Lunda-Tchokwé (República Democrática da Lunda-Tchokwé) (RDLT) ** Government-in-exile: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé (PDDELT), led by Dr. Jota Filipe Malakito ** Claimant group: Manifesto Jurídico Sociológico do Povo Lunda-Tchokwé (MJSPL), also an Advocacy group ** Political party: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé (PDDELT) ** Movements: Mulher Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé (MULT), Pioneiros Unidos da Lunda-Tchokwé (PULT), Juventude Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé (JULT) Cabinda * Ethnic group:

Bakongo The Kongo people ( kg, Bisi Kongo, , singular: ; also , singular: ) are a Bantu ethnic group primarily defined as the speakers of Kikongo. Subgroups include the Beembe, Bwende, Vili, Sundi, Yombe, Dondo, Lari, and others. They have lived ...

**Proposed state:

Republic of Cabinda The Republic of Cabinda (Ibinda: ''Kilansi kia cabinda''; pt, República de Cabinda) was an unrecognized state located in what is presently Angola's Cabinda Province. The Front for the Liberation of the State of Cabinda- Exército de Cabinda ...

**Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC) (member of the

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, or simply UNPO is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991 in The Ha ...

) **Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC),

Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda The Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda ( pt, Frente de Libertação do Estado de Cabinda; FLEC (Lopes)) is a separatist movement seeking the independence of the Angolan province of Cabinda. It was founded in the Netherlands in 1996 by a gro ...

**Militant organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC) **Status: Ongoing low-intensity war

Cameroon

Map of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia (claimed)

* Ethnic group:

Anglophones Speakers of English are also known as Anglophones, and the countries where English is natively spoken by the majority of the population are termed the '' Anglosphere''. Over two billion people speak English , making English the largest languag ...

of the former

Southern Cameroons The Southern Cameroons was the southern part of the British Empire, British League of Nations mandate territory of the British Cameroons in West Africa. Since 1961, it has been part of the Republic of Cameroon, where it makes up the Northwest Re ...

, consisting of over 80 ethnic groups **Population: ~4 million people **Proposed state: Federal Republic of Ambazonia ** Advocacy group:

Interim Government of Ambazonia The Interim Government of Ambazonia is the provisional government in exile of the internationally unrecognized Federal Republic of Ambazonia. History Ayuk Tabe cabinet (2017–18) The Interim Government of Ambazonia was formed from the Sout ...

Ambazonia Governing Council The Ambazonia Governing Council (AGovC) is an Ambazonian independence movement. The movement has been known as "hardline" compared to other major Ambazonian separatist movements, and unwilling to engage with federalists. Starting off with a compl ...

and others ** Militant groups:

Ambazonia Self-Defence Council The Ambazonia Self-Defence Council (ASC), also known as Ambazonia Military Council (AMC), Ambazonia Military Forces (AMF), and Ambazonia Restoration Forces (ARF),

Ambazonia Defence Forces The Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) are a military organization that fights for the independence of Ambazonia, a self-declared independent state in the Anglophone regions of the former Southern Cameroons, Cameroon. It was formally established by th ...

, SOCADEF, other smaller militias ** Status: Ongoing civil war Flag of the Democratic Republic of Bakassi

Bakassi * People:

Oron Oron may refer to: "Light" or someone that is "being able" or "capable" of doing anything posible or impossible. *Oron people a multi ethnic group of people living In the lower Cross River basin. *Oron Nation, one of the major states in the old Ca ...

**Population: 150,000–300,000 people (subject of dispute) ** Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi ** Militant groups:

Bakassi Movement for Self-Determination The Bakassi Movement for Self-Determination (BAMOSD) is a militant organization that seeks for the independence of Bakassi, a territory of Cameroon and formation of the Democratic Republic of Bakassi. The movement played a leading role in the Baka ...

** Status: Active insurgency until 2009, isolated incidents until 2015

Central African Republic

Dar El Kuti * Ethnic group: Muslims in the Central African Republic ** Proposed state: Republic of Dar el-Kuti ** Advocacy group and militant organization:

Séléka Séléka CPSK-CPJP-UFDR was an alliance of rebel militia groups that subjugated the Central African Republic (CAR) on 24 March 2013. After its official dissolution in September 2013, the remaining rebel groups became known as Ex-Séléka. Sél� ...

**Status: Ongoing civil war, effectively a

proto-state A quasi-state (some times referred to as state-like entity or proto-state) is a political entity that does not represent a fully institutionalised or autonomous sovereign state. The precise definition of ''quasi-state'' in political literature f ...

Comoros

* Ethnic group: Comorian ** Proposed state: **Political parties:

Anjouan People's Movement Anjouan (; also known as Ndzuwani or Nzwani, and historically as Johanna or Hinzuan) is an autonomous high island in the Indian Ocean that forms part of the Union of the Comoros. Its chief town is Mutsamudu and, , its population is around 277,500. ...

, Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais, Mawana *Ethnic group: Comorian **Proposed state: Mwali

Republic of the Congo

South Congo (Brazzaville) * Ethnic group: South Congolese **Advocacy group: Provisional Assembly and governance of the State of South Congo **Proposed state: Flag of South Congo

State of South Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Bas-Congo Kongo Central ( kg, Kongo dia Kati ), formerly Bas-Congo is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Matadi. History At the time of independence, the area now encompassing Kongo Central was part of the g ...

*Advocacy group:

Bundu dia Kongo Bundu dia Kongo (Kikongo; "Gathering of Kongo"), known as BDK, is a new religious movement with a political and cultural agenda that is associated with the Kongo ethnic group. It was founded in June 1969 but officially in 1986 by Ne Muanda Nse ...

*Proposed state:

Kingdom of Kongo The Kingdom of Kongo ( kg, Kongo dya Ntotila or ''Wene wa Kongo;'' pt, Reino do Congo) was a kingdom located in central Africa in present-day northern Angola, the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of the ...

* Political parties: Union of Independent Federalists and Republicans *Militant organizations: Mai Mai Kata Katanga *Status: Sporadic violence

Eritrea

Southern Red Sea Region The Southern Red Sea Region (, it, Regione del Mar Rosso Meridionale, ) is an administrative region of Eritrea. It lies along the southern half of the Red Sea, and contains the coastal city of Assab. It borders the Northern Red Sea Region, and h ...

* Ethnic group:

Afar people The Afar ( aa, Qafár), also known as the Danakil, Adali and Odali, are a Cushitic-speaking ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the entire southern co ...

Saho people The Saho are a Cushitic ethnic group from Eritrea, and they also inhabit some parts of northern Ethiopia. They speak Saho as a mother tongue. Society Ethnicity and societal structure According to Abdulkader Saleh Mohammad, most of the Saho ...

** Proposed autonomous area or state:

Dankalia The Southern Red Sea Region (, it, Regione del Mar Rosso Meridionale, ) is an administrative region of Eritrea. It lies along the southern half of the Red Sea, and contains the coastal city of Assab. It borders the Northern Red Sea Region, and h ...

** Advocacy groups:

Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation The Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation (; ; ar, التنظيم الديمقراطي لعفر البحر الأحمر, transliteration: ''Al-tanzim Al-dimokrati Li-'afar Al-Bahr Al-Ahmar''; Abbreviation, abbreviated RSADO) is a political orga ...

, Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama,

Saho People's Democratic Movement The Saho People's Democratic Movement (SPDM) is a rebel group in Eritrea, fighting for the self-determination of the Saho people. They are allied with the Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation (RSADO), whom they have done joint operations with. Th ...

Equatorial Guinea

Bioko Bioko (; historically Fernando Po; bvb, Ëtulá Ëria) is an island off the west coast of Africa and the northernmost part of Equatorial Guinea. Its population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of . The island is located of ...

* Ethnic group:

Bubi BuBi (officially: MOL BuBi) is a bicycle sharing network in Budapest, Hungary. Its name is a playful contraction Budapest and Bicikli (bicycle in Hungarian), meaning "bubble" in an endearing manner. As of May 2019 the network consists of 143 dock ...

** Proposed state:

Bioko Island Bioko (; historically Fernando Po; bvb, Ëtulá Ëria) is an island off the west coast of Africa and the northernmost part of Equatorial Guinea. Its population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of . The island is located of ...

**Advocacy group: Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island

Ethiopia

() *Proposed state: Ogadenia (member of the

) or **Political party:

Ogaden National Liberation Front The Ogaden National Liberation Front (abbreviated ONLF, so, Jabhadda Wadaniga Xoreynta Ogaadeeniya; ar, الجبهة الوطنية لتحرير أوجادين) is a social and political movement, founded in 1984 to campaign for the right to ...

*Proposed state: Flag of the Oromo Liberation Front

Oromia Oromia (Amharic: ) ( om, Oromiyaa) is a regional state in Ethiopia and the homeland of the Oromo people. The capital of Oromia is Addis Ababa. It is bordered by the Somali Region to the east; the Amhara Region, the Afar Region and the Benish ...

(member of the

) **Militant organizations: Oromo Liberation Front,

Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia The Islamic Front for Liberation of Oromia (abbreviated IFLO) was an Oromo-based political and paramilitary organization founded in 1985 by its Commander in Chief, Sheikh Abdulkarim Ibrahim Hamid, otherwise known as Jaarraa Abbaa Gadaa. The gr ...

**Advocacy group:

Qeerroo Ethiopia's National Youth Movement for Freedom and Democracy, popularly known as Qeerroo, is a social movement organized with ideology of Oromo nationalism in Ethiopia. In traditional Oromo culture the term means "bachelor" or youth but within th ...

Tigray *Proposed state: Tigray **Political party:

Tigray Independence Party The Tigray Independence Party (TIP) is a Tigrayan nationalist political party in Ethiopia. Founded in 2020, the party seeks the independence of the Tigray Region. Creation In September 2020, ''BBC News'' described Tigray Independence Party as ...

**Status: Ongoing war * Proposed: Self-determination for the

Sidama people The Sidama ( am, ሲዳማ) are an ethnic group traditionally inhabiting the Sidama Region, formerly part of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. On 23 November 2019, the Sidama Zone became the 10th regional sta ...

** Militant organization:

Sidama National Liberation Front The Sidama National Liberation Front, also known as Sidama Liberation Front or Sidama Liberation Movement (abbreviated SNLF or SLF) is a rebel group in the Sidama Region of Ethiopia. The SNLF allied with the Oromo Liberation Front in 2012 and th ...

France

Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France. It is located approximately east of the island ...

:''Secessionist movements:'' :*Political party: Proposed flag of Réunion (Nationalist movement)

Lorganizasion Popilèr po Libèr nout Péi (Lplp) – Popular Front for National Liberation: composed of Nasion Rénioné, Mar, Drapo rouz, Patriot rénioné and Mir. :*Political party:

Communist Party of Réunion The Communist Party of Réunion (french: Parti Communiste Réunionnais, PCR) is a communist political party in the French overseas department of Réunion (in the Indian Ocean). History PCR was founded in 1959, as the French Communist Party (P ...

:*Proposed state: Republic of Zabon

Mayotte Mayotte (; french: Mayotte, ; Shimaore: ''Maore'', ; Kibushi: ''Maori'', ), officially the Department of Mayotte (french: Département de Mayotte), is an overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity of France. It is loc ...

continues to have autonomist movements despite the island having voted to become France's 101st

department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

in 2011.

Ghana

Western Togoland :*Proposed State: Western Togoland :**Militant organizations: Western Togoland Restoration Front Member of the

(UNPO)

Ashantiland The Asante Empire (Asante Twi: ), today commonly called the Ashanti Empire, was an Akan state that lasted between 1701 to 1901, in what is now modern-day Ghana. It expanded from the Ashanti Region to include most of Ghana as well as parts of Iv ...

*Ethnic group: Ashanti-Akan **Proposed state: Ashanti Flag

***Political party: Ashanti United Party, Ashanti Federal Party,

Ashanti Movement for Freedom and Justice Ashanti may refer to: * Ashanti people, an ethnic group in West Africa ** Ashanti Empire, a pre-colonial West African state in what is now southern Ghana ** Ashanti dialect or Asante, a literary dialect of the Akan language of southern Ghana ** A ...

, National Liberation Movement, ***Advocacy group:

United Kotoko Society United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two f ...

, Alliance for change, Ashanti Union, Ashanti Congress, Ashanteman Council, Kumasi Traditional Council

Kenya

Mombasa Mombasa ( ; ) is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean. It was the first capital of the British East Africa, before Nairobi was elevated to capital city status. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County. The town is ...

*Proposed state:

Mombasa Republic The Mombasa Republic is a proposed state that would encompass the former Coast Province of Kenya. The Mombasa Republican Council (MRC) in the main separatist organisation to argue that Mombasa should secede from Kenya to become an independent s ...

*Political party: Mombasa Republican Council *Status: Active

Libya

Map of traditional provinces of Libye-en

Berbers , image = File:Berber_flag.svg , caption = The Berber ethnic flag , population = 36 million , region1 = Morocco , pop1 = 14 million to 18 million , region2 = Algeria , pop2 ...

* Ethnic Groups:

Tuareg people The Tuareg people (; also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym: ''Imuhaɣ/Imušaɣ/Imašeɣăn/Imajeɣăn'') are a large Berber ethnic group that principally inhabit the Sahara in a vast area stretching from far southwestern Libya to southern Al ...

Toubou people The Toubou or Tubu (from Old Tebu, meaning "rock people") are an ethnic group native to the Tibesti Mountains that inhabit the central Sahara in northern Chad, southern Libya and northeastern Niger. They live either as herders and nomads or ...

** Political party: Libu Party ** Militant organisations:

Tuareg militias of Ghat Tuareg militias of Ghat are ethnic Tuareg tribal militias, operating in South-West Libya desert areas during the Second Libyan Civil War. The militias rose to prominence in the district of Ghat, which has a Tuareg majority. Gradually, the Tuareg ...

, Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya Transitional Council * Ethnic group:

Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...

** Proposed autonomous area: Semi-autonomous "State of Cyrenaica" * Ethnic group:

Toubou The Toubou or Tubu (from Old Tebu, meaning "rock people") are an ethnic group native to the Tibesti Mountains that inhabit the central Sahara in northern Chad, southern Libya and northeastern Niger. They live either as herders and nomads or as ...

**Proposed state: **Militant organization: Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya

Mali

*Ethnic group:

Tuareg The Tuareg people (; also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym: ''Imuhaɣ/Imušaɣ/Imašeɣăn/Imajeɣăn'') are a large Berber ethnic group that principally inhabit the Sahara in a vast area stretching from far southwestern Libya to southern A ...

** Proposed state: ** Political party:

Coordination of Azawad Movements The Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) is a coalition of Tuareg independence and Arab nationalist groups which formed in Mali during the Northern Mali conflict in 2014., While presiding over the CMA, Sidi Brahim Ould Sidatt was assassinated in ...

, which includes MNLA ** Militant organisations:

National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad or the Azawad National Liberation Movement (Tamasheq: '; ar, الحركة الوطنية لتحرير أزواد ''al-Ḥarakat al-Waṭaniyat Litaḥrīr ʾĀzawād''; french: Mouvement nati ...

Mauritius

Rodrigues Rodrigues (french: Île Rodrigues, link=yes ; Creole: ) is a autonomous outer island of the Republic of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, about east of Mauritius. It is part of the Mascarene Islands, which include Mauritius and Réunion. Rodr ...

* Ethnic group: Rodriguan ** Proposed greater autonomy or state:

** Political party:

Rodrigues People's Organisation The Rodrigues People's Organisation (OPR) (french: Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) is a political party based in the Island of Rodrigues, Mauritius. At the legislative elections of 11 September 2000, the party won 2 out of 70 seats (both the ...

Morocco

* Ethnic group: Riffian ** Proposed state:

Republic of the Rif The Republic of the Rif ( Tarifit: ''Tagduda n Arrif'', ''Jumhūriyya ar-Rīf''), unofficially The Confederal Republic of the Tribes of the Rif, also recorded as the Riff, was a short-lived republic in northern Morocco that existed between 19 ...

**Political party: Rif Independence Movement **Militant organisation(s): Rif Independence Movement Started in

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

during the 1920s,White Gypsies: Race and Stardom in Spanish Musical Films - Eva Woods Peiró
p. 46. and was revitalized in 2013. The Rif Independence Movement is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States.

Namibia

*Ethnic Group: Lozi **Proposed state:

Caprivi Strip The Caprivi Strip, also known simply as Caprivi, is a geographic salient protruding from the northeastern corner of Namibia. It is surrounded by Botswana to the south and Angola and Zambia to the north. Namibia, Botswana and Zambia meet at a s ...

or unificiation with Barotsealand **Militant organization: Caprivi Liberation Army Flag of Barotseland

Barotse Lozi people, or Barotse, are a southern African ethnic group who speak Lozi or Silozi, a Sotho–Tswana language. The Lozi people consist of more than 46 different ethnic groups and are primarily situated between Namibia, Angola, Botswana, Zimbab ...

*Ethnic group: Lozi ** Proposed state: ** Militant organization:

Barotse Royal Establishment Lozi people, or Barotse, are a southern African ethnic group who speak Lozi or Silozi, a Sotho–Tswana language. The Lozi people consist of more than 46 different ethnic groups and are primarily situated between Namibia, Angola, Botswana, Zimbab ...

Rehoboth area The Rehoboth area, historically the Free Republic of Rehoboth (German: ''Freie Republik Rehoboth'') is an unrecognized state in central Namibia, inhabited by the indigenous Baster people. Between 1979 and 1989, the area was a South West African b ...

* Ethnic group:

Baster The Basters (also known as Baasters, Rehobothers or Rehoboth Basters) are a Southern African ethnic group descended from white European men and black African women, usually of Khoisan origin, but occasionally also enslaved women from the Cape, ...

** Proposed autonomous area:

** Political party: The United People`s Movement (UPM) Rehoboth Basters (Member of the

UNPO The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, or simply UNPO is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991 in The Ha ...

)

Nigeria

* Ethnic group:

Igbo Igbo may refer to: * Igbo people, an ethnic group of Nigeria * Igbo language, their language * anything related to Igboland, a cultural region in Nigeria See also * Ibo (disambiguation) * Igbo mythology * Igbo music * Igbo art * * Igbo-Ukwu, a ...

Anioma Anioma people are a subgroup of the Igbo ethnic group in Delta State, Nigeria. They are made up of communities which span across 9 Local government areas and speak different varieties of the Igbo language, including the Enuani language, Ukwuani l ...

, Igede, Igala, Idoma,

Ijaw Ijaw may refer to: *Ijaw people The Izon people or Izon Otu, otherwise known as the Ijaw people due to the historic mispronunciation of the name ''Izon'', are an ethnic group majorly found in the Niger Delta in Nigeria, with significant populatio ...

, Kalabari,

Ibibio Ibibio may refer to: * Ibibio language * Ibibio people * Ibibio Sound Machine, an English electronic afro-funk band who sing in Ibibio See also * Ibiblio ibiblio (formerly SunSITE.unc.edu and MetaLab.unc.edu) is a "collection of collections" ...

, and

Ogoni The Ogonis are a people in the Rivers South East senatorial district of Rivers State, in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria. They number just over 2 million and live in a homeland which they also refer to as Ogoniland. They share common ...

. **Proposed state: (defunct) **Separatist movements: The

Indigenous People of Biafra The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) is a nationalist separatist group in Nigeria that aims to restore the Republic of Biafra, a country which seceded from Nigeria prior to the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) and later rejoined Nigeria after i ...

, Biafra Zionist Movement,

Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra The Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) is a secessionist movement in Nigeria, associated with Igbo nationalism, which supports the recreation of an independent state of Biafra. It was founded in 1999 and is le ...

**Militant organization:

Eastern Security Network The Eastern Security Network (ESN) is the paramilitary organization of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), a pro-Biafra separatist movement. Background The Igbo people lost the 1967-1970 Nigerian Civil War, during which they attempted to s ...

**Government in exile: Biafran Government in exile Yoruba Nation OduduwaStar Flag

Republic of Oduduwa * Ethnic group: Yorùbá ethnic groups in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo, Osun, Kwara, Òkun in Kogi states in Nigeria, Itsekiris in Delta state and Akoko in

Edo state Edo, commonly known as Edo State, is a state located in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. As of 2006 National population census, the state was ranked as the 24th populated state (3,233,366) in Nigeria, However there was controversy ...

. ** Proposed state: Yoruba Nation OduduwaStar Flag

Republic of Oduduwa ** Member of the

** Civic Organizations: Ilana Omo Oodua, Nigerian Indigenous Nationalities Alliance for Self-Determination(NINAS) ** Movement Leaders: Professor

Stephen Adebanji Akintoye Stephen Adebanji Akintoye, also known as S. Banji Akintoye (born 1935), is a Nigerian-born academic, historian and writer. He attended Christ's School Ado Ekiti, Nigeria from 1951–1955, and studied history at the University College (Overseas Co ...

Sunday Igboho Chief Sunday Adeniyi Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho (10 October 1972, Igboho, Nigeria) is a Nigerian Yoruba self-determination activist and philanthropist. Nicknamed after his hometown, he rose to fame following his role in the Modak ...

** O'odua Grand Alliance for Independence & Oodua People's Congress Ogafi.org ** Status: Constitutional Force Majeure Flag of the union of the Niger delta Republic

Flag of the union of the Niger delta Republic

Niger Delta The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. It is located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states, which include: all six states from the South South geopolitical ...

*Ethnic group: Urhobo, Isoko,

Itsekiri The Itsekiri (also called the Isekiri, ''i Jekri'', ''Itsekri'', ''Ishekiri'', or Itsekhiri) are one of the Yoruboid subgroup of Nigeria's Niger Delta area, Delta State. The Itsekiris presently number 2.7 million people and live mainly in the ...

Ukwuani The Ukwuani people (also called Ndokwa people are a subgroup of the Igbo people located in the southern part of Nigeria in the western part of the Niger Delta and other areas. Origin Their origin is debated, with the narrative being that they ...

, Edo, Esan,

, Kalabari and many more. **Proposition :Autonomous regionalism: Flag of the union of the Niger delta Republic

Niger Delta Republic This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three ...

was declared in February 1965 by Isaac Adaka Boro, but failed to be established and remains an inspiration if not an aspiration. **Movement: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) formed in 2006 for the self-determination of the people of the Niger Delta **Militant groups:

Niger Delta Avengers The Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) is a militant group in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The group publicly announced their existence in March 2016. The NDA is known for attacking oil-producing facilities in the deltas, causing the shutdown of oi ...

, Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate, Niger Delta Vigilante,

Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force The Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force (NDPVF) is one of the largest armed groups in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and is composed primarily of members of the region's largest ethnic group—the Ijaw people. The group was founded in 2004 in ...

(NDPVF), and other groups **Status: Ongoing war

Arewa Arewa or Arewaland is a Hausa word which means "The North". The term is used to refer to Northern Nigeria general. The terms ' (literally "north") and ' (literally "Northern Nigeria") are used in Hausa to refer to the historic region geopolitically ...

（Northern Nigeria） *Ethnic Group:

Hausa Hausa may refer to: * Hausa people, an ethnic group of West Africa * Hausa language, spoken in West Africa * Hausa Kingdoms, a historical collection of Hausa city-states * Hausa (horse) or Dongola horse, an African breed of riding horse See also * ...

Nupe Nupe may refer to: *Nupe people, of Nigeria *Nupe language, their language *The Bida Emirate, also known as the Nupe Kingdom, their former state *A member of the Kappa Alpha Psi Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. () is a historically African Amer ...

Fulani The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people ( ff, Fulɓe, ; french: Peul, links=no; ha, Fulani or Hilani; pt, Fula, links=no; wo, Pël; bm, Fulaw) are one of the largest ethnic groups in the Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. ...

**Proposed State: Arewa Republic

Senegal

* Ethnic group:

Diola The Jola or Diola (endonym: Ajamat) are an ethnic group found in Senegal, the Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. Most Jola live in small villages scattered throughout Senegal, especially in the Lower Casamance region. The main dialect of the Jola langu ...

**Proposed state: MDFC Flag

Republic of Casamance **Militant organization:

Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance The Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance (french: Mouvement des forces démocratiques de Casamance; MFDC) is the main separatist movement in the Casamance region of Senegal, founded in 1982. It was supported by Guinea-Bissau President Jo ...

Somalia

*Ethnic group: Somali,

Arabs The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Wester ...

** De facto state: ** Political organisations:

Government of Somaliland The Government of Somaliland (JSL) ( so, Dowladda Somaliland or Xukuumada Somaliland, ar, حكومة صوماليلاند) is the central government of Somaliland. The Government of Somaliland consists of legislative, executive, and judicial ...

** Militant organisation:

Somaliland Armed Forces The Somaliland National Armed Forces ( so, Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliland; ar, القوات المسلحة الصوماليلاندية, alquaat almusalahat alsuwmalilandia) are the military services of Republic of Somaliland. The Somal ...

South Africa

Volkstaat The concept of a Volkstaat (, "People's State"), also called a Boerestaat, is a proposed view to establish an all-white Afrikaner homeland within the borders of South Africa, most commonly proposed as a fully independent Boer/Afrikaner natio ...

* Ethnic group:

Afrikaner Afrikaners () are a South African ethnic group descended from Free Burghers, predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving at the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th and 18th centuries.Entry: Cape Colony. ''Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 4 Part 2: ...

s **Proposed state:

**Political Party:

Freedom Front Plus The Freedom Front Plus (FF Plus; af, Vryheidsfront Plus, ''VF Plus'') is a right-wing political party in South Africa that was formed (as the Freedom Front) in 1994. It is led by Pieter Groenewald. Its current stated policy positions include ab ...

(in parliament and member of the

). Outside parliament: National Conservative Party of South Africa,

Boerestaat Party The Boerstaat Party ( en, Boer State Party) is a Boer nationalist South African political party founded on 30 September 1986 by Robert van Tonder. It was never officially registered as a political party because it was unable to rally 500 person ...

Herstigte Nasionale Party The Herstigte Nasionale Party (Reconstituted National Party) is a List of political parties in South Africa, South African political party which was formed as a Far-right politics, far-right splinter group of the now defunct National Party (So ...

Afrikaner Self-determination Party Afrikaner Self-determination Party ( af, Afrikaner Selfbeskikking Party, AFRSP) is a South African far-right political party formed in early 2020 as a successor to the Front National. The party promotes secession and Afrikaner self-determinatio ...

. **Advocacy group:

Orania Orania () is an Afrikaner separatist town founded by Afrikaners in South Africa. It is located along the Orange River in the Karoo region of the Northern Cape province. The town is split in two halves by the R369 road, and is from Cape Tow ...

Movement **Status:

Accord on Afrikaner self-determination The Accord on Afrikaner self-determination is a South African political accord that recognises the right of the Afrikaner people on self-determination.

South Africa municipalities Cape Republic

Cape Republic / Cape of Good Hope * Linguistic group: Afrikaans speakers,

English Speakers English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the is ...

, isiXhosa speakers * Ethnic groups:

Coloured Coloureds ( af, Kleurlinge or , ) refers to members of multiracial ethnic communities in Southern Africa who may have ancestry from more than one of the various populations inhabiting the region, including African, European, and Asian. South ...

South African English South African English (SAfrE, SAfrEng, SAE, en-ZA) is the set of English language dialects native to South Africans. History British settlers first arrived in the South African region in 1795, when they established a military holding op ...

Xhosa Xhosa may refer to: * Xhosa people, a nation, and ethnic group, who live in south-central and southeasterly region of South Africa * Xhosa language, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa, principally spoken by the Xhosa people See als ...

**Proposed State:

Western Cape The Western Cape is a province of South Africa, situated on the south-western coast of the country. It is the fourth largest of the nine provinces with an area of , and the third most populous, with an estimated 7 million inhabitants in 2020 ...

(Cape Republic / Cape of Good Hope) **Political Parties:

Cape Independence Party The Cape Independence Party (CAPEXIT), previously called the Cape Party, is a political party in South Africa which seeks to use all constitutional and legal means to bring about Cape Independence, which includes the entire Western Cape, North ...

**Civic Organisations: CapeXit Cape Independence Advocacy Group (CIAG)

Spain

;Secessionist movement * People:

Canarians Canary Islanders, or Canarians ( es, canarios), are a Romance people and ethnic group. They reside on the Canary Islands, an autonomous community of Spain near the coast of northwest Africa, and descend from a mixture of European settlers and ab ...

** Proposed state: Republic of the Canary Islands *** Political parties (autonomist):

Coalición Canaria The Canarian Coalition ( es, Coalición Canaria, CC) is a regionalist, Canarian nationalist political party in Spain operating in the Canary Islands. The party's aim is for greater autonomy for the islands but not independence. It has been labe ...

Partido Nacionalista Canario The Nationalist Canary Party (PNC) is a nationalist political party in the Canary Islands. Its current headquarters are in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife. Precedents The first PNC (CNP) was founded in Havana, Cuba on 30 January 1924, by Jose G ...

Centro Canario Nacionalista Nationalist Canarian Centre ( es, Centro Canario Nacionalista, CCN) is a political party in the Canary Islands, founded in September 1992 as Independent Canarian Centre ( es, Centro Canario Independiente, CCI) by former Canarian President Lorenzo ...

Nueva Canarias New Canaries ( es, Nueva Canarias) is a social democratic, Canarian nationalist political party representing the Canary Islands territory of Spain. The party holds Observer status in the European Free Alliance The European Free Alliance (EFA ...

*** Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK,

Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria Canarian Nationalist Alternative ( es, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, ANC) is a Canarian left-wing nationalist political party, born in 2006 after a split of the People's Alternative for the Canary Islands (APC). Objectives The ANC seeks indep ...

Alternativa Popular Canaria Alternativa Popular Canaria (APC, es, People's Alternative for the Canary Islands) is a Canarian nationalist leftist party founded in 2002, and part of the Movimiento de Liberación Nacional Canario (MLNC). Its creation was spurred by the youth or ...

Unidad del Pueblo Unidad del Pueblo ( en, Unity of the People; UP) is a Canary Islands left-wing nationalist party. Objectives UP seeks independence for the Canary Islands and building a socialist society. The party defends a leading paper of the working class in t ...

***Trade union:

Intersindical Canaria ''Intersindical Canaria'' is a left-wing nationalist trade union movement in the Canary Islands. History ''Intersindical Canaria'' was founded in 1994, through the merger of ''Confederación Autónoma Nacionalista de Canarias'' (CANC), '' Sindica ...

*** Youth movement:

Azarug Azarug Is a leftist youth organization of the Canary Islands founded in 1992 that seeks the independence of the archipelago. It defines itself as a leftist revolutionary pro-independence organization. Its principles include anti-imperialism, ...

Sudan

* Ethnic group:

Fur Fur is a thick growth of hair that covers the skin of mammals. It consists of a combination of oily guard hair on top and thick underfur beneath. The guard hair keeps moisture from reaching the skin; the underfur acts as an insulating blanket t ...

Zaghawa Zaghawa may refer to: * Zaghawa people * Zaghawa language Zaghawa is a Saharan language spoken by the Zaghawa people of east-central Chad (in the Sahel) and northwestern Sudan (Darfur). The people who speak this language call it Beria, from ''Be ...

Masalit The Masalit (Masalit language, Masalit: ''masala/masara''; ar, ماساليت) are an ethnic group inhabiting western Sudan and eastern Chad. They speak the Masalit language Overview The Masalit primarily live in Geneina, the capital of west Darfu ...

, Tama ** Proposed state:

Darfur Darfur ( ; ar, دار فور, Dār Fūr, lit=Realm of the Fur) is a region of western Sudan. ''Dār'' is an Arabic word meaning "home f – the region was named Dardaju ( ar, دار داجو, Dār Dājū, links=no) while ruled by the Daju, ...

**Militant organization:

Darfur Liberation Front The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army ( ar, حركة تحرير السودان ''Ḥarakat Taḥrīr Al-Sūdān''; abbreviated SLM, SLA, or SLM/A) is a Sudanese rebel group active in Darfur, Sudan. It was founded as the Darfur Liberation FrontFlint ...

** Status:

War in Darfur The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, is a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups beg ...

Tanzania

*Ethnic group:

, Swahili ** Proposed state: **Political party:

Civic United Front The Civic United Front (CUF; sw, Chama Cha Wananchi, ) is a liberal party in Tanzania. Although nationally based, most of the CUF's support comes from the Zanzibar islands of Unguja and Pemba. The party is a member of Liberal International. ...

(member of

), Uamsho

Zambia

*Ethnic group: Lozi ** Proposed state: ** Militant organization:

Zimbabwe

Matabeleland Matabeleland is a region located in southwestern Zimbabwe that is divided into three provinces: Matabeleland North, Bulawayo, and Matabeleland South. These provinces are in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe, between the Limpopo and Zambezi r ...

*Ethnic group: Mthwakazi Liberation Front

Matabele ** Proposed state:

Mthwakazi Mthwakazi is the traditional name of the proto-Ndebele people and Ndebele kingdom and is in the area of today's Zimbabwe. Mthwakazi is widely used to refer to inhabitants of Matebeleland Province in Zimbabwe. Etymology The word ''Matabele'' i ...

** Militant organization: Flag of the Republic of Matabeleland

Mthwakazi Liberation Front (M.L.F.) **Political party: Matabeleland Freedom Party **Revolutionary Movement:

Mthwakazi Republic Party Mthwakazi Republic Party is a political party in Zimbabwe. It has been described as both secessionist and restorationist, seeking to restore the Mthwakazi kingdom. History The party was founded in 2014 in Bulawayo. In 2020, the party starte ...

(M.R.P)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements In Africa, List Of Separatist Movements, Active Separatist Movements In Africa, Active

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Separatist Movements In Africa, Active