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The Indonesian football league system is a series of league system for association football clubs in
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
. Since 1994, Liga Indonesia is the league competition featuring association football clubs, as a result of two existing top-flight football leagues merger:
Perserikatan Perserikatan is a term that commonly refers to national amateur football competitions in Indonesia held between 1931 and 1994 before the formation of Liga Indonesia, organized by the PSSI, the Indonesian football federation. The competition involve ...
(amateur) and
Galatama Liga Sepak Bola Utama (English: ''Premier Football League''), commonly known by its acronym Galatama, was a semi professional football league in Indonesia, established in 1979 by the Indonesian Football Association, PSSI. Prior to the establishment ...
(semi professional). Liga Indonesia is managed by
PSSI The Football Association of Indonesia ( id, Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia; 'All-Indonesian Football Association'; abbreviated as PSSI) is the governing body of football in Indonesia. It was founded on 19 April 1930, fifteen years before ...
, the Indonesian national football federation. There are three levels of competition in the hierarchy recently. The top two in the hierarchy are professional competitions, whereas the rest are amateur.


Structure

Liga 1 is the first-tier of football league in Indonesia. Until 2017, it was known as ''Indonesian Super League.'' The second-tier is Liga 2, formerly ''Premier Division''. Liga 1 and 2 are professional leagues and governed by PT. Liga Indonesia Baru. The only amateur league is Liga 3. Liga 3 consists of an unlimited number of amateur teams. Every province, in total 34 provinces in Indonesia, holds its own provincial league and the number of teams per province may vary. The winners of the provincial leagues will advance to the national play-off round or ''national round''. Men's


History

From 1914 to 1930, Indonesia featured an amateur national football league organized by the Nederlandsch Indische Voetbal Bond (NIVB), called the Dutch East Indies city championship (DEI Championship). Beginning in 1931, the
Perserikatan Perserikatan is a term that commonly refers to national amateur football competitions in Indonesia held between 1931 and 1994 before the formation of Liga Indonesia, organized by the PSSI, the Indonesian football federation. The competition involve ...
was founded as a separate amateur national football league system consisting of several levels of competition. It was the first Indonesian football league competition organized by
PSSI The Football Association of Indonesia ( id, Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia; 'All-Indonesian Football Association'; abbreviated as PSSI) is the governing body of football in Indonesia. It was founded on 19 April 1930, fifteen years before ...
. From 1932 to 1950, the DEI Championship competition ran in conjunction with the Perserikatan as a competition for the Dutch and other European players, while the Tiong Hoa Championship was held for players of Chinese descent. In 1979/80, a semi-professional league was founded, namely
Galatama Liga Sepak Bola Utama (English: ''Premier Football League''), commonly known by its acronym Galatama, was a semi professional football league in Indonesia, established in 1979 by the Indonesian Football Association, PSSI. Prior to the establishment ...
(''The Premier League''), which consisted of only one level of competition (except 1983 and 1990 in which it involved 2 divisions). Therefore, since 1979, both Galatama and Perserikatan were existed and had their own league systems. In 1994,
PSSI The Football Association of Indonesia ( id, Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia; 'All-Indonesian Football Association'; abbreviated as PSSI) is the governing body of football in Indonesia. It was founded on 19 April 1930, fifteen years before ...
merged both competitions into a new competition system, namely the ''Liga Indonesia''. All clubs from both top level leagues were merged into the Liga Indonesia Premier Division, the new system's top-flight league. Furthermore, since Galatama did not have lower-level leagues, Liga Indonesia's lower leagues took all clubs from the same level in Perserikatan. In 2008, PSSI created a new level, the
Indonesia Super League Liga 1 ( en, League 1), also known as BRI Liga 1 for sponsorship reasons with Bank Rakyat Indonesia, is the men's top professional football division of the Indonesian football league system. Administered by the PT Liga Indonesia Baru (), Liga 1 i ...
(ISL), as the system's new top-flight league. Hence, the Premier Division was then relegated to the second and so on. This new league was created to introduce full professionalism in Indonesian football. In parallel with this league, U-21 teams from each participating ISL clubs compete in the ISL U-21. In 2011, PSSI replaced the ISL with the
Indonesian Premier League Indonesian Premier League (IPL; Indonesian: ''Liga Prima Indonesia'') was the highest level competition for football clubs in Indonesia from 2011 to 2013. This competition was managed by ''PT Liga Prima Indonesia Sportindo'', under supervision ...
(IPL). After the extraordinary congress on 17 March 2013,
Premier League The Premier League (legal name: The Football Association Premier League Limited) is the highest level of the men's English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Foo ...
and
Super League The Super League (officially known as the Betfred Super League due to sponsorship from Betfred and legally known as Super League Europe), is the top-level of the British rugby league system. At present the league consists of twelve teams, of wh ...
are in PSSI supervision prior to incorporation in 2014 under the name of Indonesia Super League. Before that the two leagues were still running, respectively. In 2014, PSSI divided into four level leagues competition include Super League, Premier Division, First Division and Amateur League/Province League called Liga Nusantara. Started in 2015 league planned just divided into three level leagues competition include Super League, Premier Division and Liga Nusantara, after first division merged with Liga Nusantara. In 20 January 2017, PSSI announced to replace three previous league (Super League, Premier Division and Liga Nusantara) with three new leagues, namely the Liga 1, Liga 2 and Liga 3.


Competition format

From the 1994–1995 to 2004–2005 season, Liga Indonesia's structure changed almost every year. For some seasons, there were two divisions within the top flight; for others, there were three. The number of clubs in the top flight wavered from 18–28, and seasons would last from 34–38 games. The top four clubs in each division qualified for a group stage "Final Eight Championship Playoff." Winners of the group faced off for the championship. During the 2004–2005 season, 18 clubs comprised the Indonesian top flight. A season lasted 34 games, in which each club played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The three teams at the bottom of the table are relegated into Division Satu, the second level of the Indonesian league system, while the three teams of Division Satu that won promotion replace them. The top two finishers in the league qualify for the
AFC Champions League The AFC Champions League (abbreviated as ACL) is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Asian Football Confederation, and contested by Asia's top-division football clubs. It is the most prestigious club competition ...
. Starting with the 2003–2004 season, the championship was decided a double round-robin league system involving the top clubs of each division. Beginning with the 2005–2006 season, 28 clubs will comprise Liga Indonesia. Clubs compete in two divisions of 14 clubs each. Each club plays against each other on a home-and-away basis. The league's popularity has grown so much that the 2006–2007 season will see another big expansion of the league from 28 to 36 clubs with both divisions comprising 18 clubs each. In 2008, 18 top ranked clubs in the previous Premier Division were 'promoted' to a new highest level of competition, the
Indonesia Super League Liga 1 ( en, League 1), also known as BRI Liga 1 for sponsorship reasons with Bank Rakyat Indonesia, is the men's top professional football division of the Indonesian football league system. Administered by the PT Liga Indonesia Baru (), Liga 1 i ...
, and the rest stayed in the same division. The PSSI examined those 18 clubs for their readiness to join the ISL, considering many aspects, like the stadium, financial condition and other requirements for full professional football clubs.


Promotion and relegation

# Liga 1 (level 1, 18 teams): the bottom three teams are relegated. # Liga 2 (level 2, 28 teams): the champions, runner-up and third-place teams are promoted to Liga 1. The bottom three teams of each region are relegated to Liga 3. # Liga 3 (level 3, unlimited number team): Six-best teams are promoted to Liga 2.


Cup eligibility

Being members of a league at a particular level also affects eligibility for Cup, or single-elimination, competitions. *
Piala Indonesia Piala Indonesia ( 'Indonesia Cup') is the professional annual cup competition for football clubs in Indonesia. Originally, it started from the semi-professional football era in 1985 as Piala Liga, which ran until 1989 under Galatama competition. ...
: 128 teams from level 1, level 2 and level 3 enter in the first round.


Cup competitions

Annual cup tournaments *
Piala Indonesia Piala Indonesia ( 'Indonesia Cup') is the professional annual cup competition for football clubs in Indonesia. Originally, it started from the semi-professional football era in 1985 as Piala Liga, which ran until 1989 under Galatama competition. ...
* Piala Liga for Galatama Clubs (defunct) * Piala Galatama for Galatama Clubs (defunct) Break season tournaments *
Indonesia President's Cup The Piala Presiden (English: President's Cup) is an annual pre-season association football tournament held in Indonesia and organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). It is participated by Liga 1 clubs. The inaugural tournament w ...
* Piala Menpora (defunct) *Piala Presiden Soeharto (defunct) * Piala Utama (defunct) *
Indonesian Community Shield The Indonesian Community Shield was a pre-season football competition held the week before the season begins in Indonesia every year. It was contested by the winners of the Indonesia Super League/Indonesian Premier League and Piala Indonesia in th ...
(defunct) *
Inter Island Cup The Indonesian Inter Island Cup (IIC; id, Piala Antar Pulau) was a national level football tournament held in Indonesia and organized by PSSI as a pre-season tournament during the Indonesia Super League season break. The tournament involved best ...
(defunct) *Galatama-Perserikatan Invitational Championship (defunct)


All tier champions by season


1994–2004


2005–2008


2008–2011


2011-2013 / Dualism Era


2014


2015-2016


2017–present


See also

*
Football records in Indonesia This page details football records in Indonesia. National team Individual *Most appearances: 111, Abdul Kadir (1965 - 1979) (105 in official FIFA matches) *Most goals: 70, Abdul Kadir (1965 - 1979) (68 in official FIFA matches) *Best scoring per ...
*
List of football clubs in Indonesia by major honours won This is a list of the major honours won by football clubs in Indonesia. It lists every Indonesia club to have won any of the domestic trophies recognized as major titles by FIFA. Honours table Numbers in bold are Indonesian record tota ...
* Indonesian Women Football Tournament *
Indonesia Pro Futsal League Indonesia Pro Futsal League ( Indonesian: ''Liga Futsal Profesional Indonesia'') is the top league for futsal in Indonesia. It is organized by Indonesian Futsal Federation. Teams The following 12 clubs will be compete in the Indonesia Pro Futsa ...


Footnotes


External links


Official website of PSSI

Liga Indonesia News
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indonesian Football League System Football league systems in Asia