The ''Letter of the Twenty Two'' was a letter written by twenty two
working class members of the
Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) expressing their concerns about the rift which they perceived between workers and party leaders. It was addressed to the
Executive Committee of the Communist International
The Executive Committee of the Communist International, commonly known by its acronym, ECCI (Russian acronym ИККИ), was the governing authority of the Comintern between the World Congresses of that body. The ECCI was established by the Foundin ...
and sent on February 26, 1922.
The original twenty two signatories were all
metalworkers. However
Alexandra Kollontai and
Zoya Shadurskaia Zoya Leonidovna Shadurskaia (1873-1939) was a well-educated Russian noble who was active in Russian revolutionary movement from the 1890s. She was a feminist and remained life long friends with Alexandra Kollontai.
Zoya met Kollantai as a child ...
, both prominent
Bolshevik women of
noble background, subsequently signed the letter.
Signatories
The signatories of the letter were as follows:
* Mikhail Ivanovich Lobanov (1889–1929)
* Nikolai Vladimirovich Kuznetsov (1884–1937)
* A. Polosatov
* Aleksandr Nikolaevich Medvedev (1892–1944)
*
Gavril Myasnikov
* V. Pleshkov
* G. Shokhanov
*
Sergei Pavlovich Medvedev
* Genrikh Ivanovich Bruno (1889–1937) (party member since 1906)
* Aleksandr (Iosif) Grigorevich Pravdin (1879–1938) (1899)
* I. Ivanov (1899)
* Flor Anisimovich Mitin (1882–1937) (1902)
* Pavel Semenovich Borisov (1892–1939) (1913)
* M. Kopylov (1912)
* Zhilin (1915)
* Mikhail Ivanovich Chelyshev (1888–1937) (1910)
* Aleksandr Fedorovich Tolokontsev (1889–1937) (1914)
*
Alexander Gavrilovich Shliapnikov (1883–1954) (1901)
* I. Barulin (1917)
* V. Belcrenev (1907-9/1917)
* A. Pavlov (1917)
* A. M. Tashkin (1892–1942) (1917)
See also
*
Conference of the Twenty Two The Conference of the Twenty Two was an important organizational meeting in the foundation of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Despite its name the conference was only attended by 19 people, the remaining three a ...
, the founding Bolshevik conference held near
Geneva,
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
in 1904
References
External links
“To Members of the International Conference of the Communist International” - English translation
{{Russia-hist-stub
Bolsheviks
Open letters
1922 in Russia