Left Ecology Freedom
( it, Sinistra Ecologia Libertà, SEL) was a
democratic socialist
Democratic socialism is a left-wing political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of a socially owned economy, with a particular emphasis on economic democracy, workplace democracy, and workers' self-management within a ...
political party in Italy
This article contains a list of political parties in Italy since Italian unification in 1861.
Throughout history, numerous political parties have been operating in Italy, and since World War II no party has ever gained enough support to govern ...
whose bulk was formed by former members of the
Communist Refoundation Party.
The party's leader was
Nichi Vendola
Nicola "Nichi" Vendola (; born 26 August 1958) is an Italian left-wing politician and LGBT activist who was a Member of the Chamber of Deputies from Apulia from 1992 to 2005 and President of Apulia from 2005 to 2015. He is one of the first o ...
, a former President of
Apulia
it, Pugliese
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, demographics1_info1 =
, demographic ...
. On 17 December 2016, SEL dissolved into
Italian Left
Italian Left ( it, Sinistra Italiana, SI) is a left-wing political party in Italy. SI was launched in November 2015 as a parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies (full name: Italian Left – Left Ecology Freedom), including Left Ecology Fr ...
, which was officially launched as a party in early 2017.
History
Left and Freedom
SEL was formed as an alliance called Left and Freedom (''Sinistra e Libertà'', SL) in the run up to the
2009 European Parliament election
The 2009 European Parliament election was held in the 27 member states of the European Union (EU) between 4 and 7 June 2009. A total of 736 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) were elected to represent some 500 million Europeans, making th ...
in order to overcome the 4%
threshold introduced by the new electoral law in February 2009.
At the time of formation, on 16 March 2009, SL included:
*
Movement for the Left
Movement for the Left ( it, Movimento per la Sinistra, MpS) was a socialist political party in Italy. It emerged as a split from the Communist Refoundation Party and later merged into Left Ecology Freedom. Its leader was Nichi Vendola.
History
...
(MpS,
socialist
Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...
/
communist
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
, leader:
Nichi Vendola
Nicola "Nichi" Vendola (; born 26 August 1958) is an Italian left-wing politician and LGBT activist who was a Member of the Chamber of Deputies from Apulia from 1992 to 2005 and President of Apulia from 2005 to 2015. He is one of the first o ...
, 2 MEPs)
*
Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
(PS,
social-democratic
Social democracy is a Political philosophy, political, Social philosophy, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocati ...
, leader:
Riccardo Nencini, 4 MEPs)
*
Federation of the Greens
The Federation of the Greens ( it, Federazione dei Verdi, FdV), frequently referred to as Greens (''Verdi''), was a green political party in Italy. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of the Federation of Green Lists and the Rainbow Greens.
T ...
(FdV,
green
Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 Nanometre, nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by ...
, leader:
Grazia Francescato
Grazia Francescato (born 23 November 1946 in Paruzzaro) is an Italian politician, journalist and activist.
Biography
She graduated in Foreign Languages and Literature at the Bocconi University of Milan, then moved to Rome and worked for the Da ...
, 2 MEPs)
*
Democratic Left (SD,
democratic socialist
Democratic socialism is a left-wing political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of a socially owned economy, with a particular emphasis on economic democracy, workplace democracy, and workers' self-management within a ...
, leader:
Claudio Fava
Claudio Fava (born 15 April 1957) is an Italian politician and writer. He is the Coordinator of the National Secretariat of Sinistra Ecologia Libertà ( Left Ecology Freedom). He was until 2009 Member of the European Parliament for the Italian ...
)
*
Unite the Left
Unite the Left (''Unire la Sinistra'') was a minority faction within the Party of Italian Communists (PdCI), a political party in Italy. Its leaders included former minister Katia Bellillo and MEP Umberto Guidoni.
The faction was formed before the ...
(UlS,
socialist
Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...
/
communist
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
, leaders:
Umberto Guidoni
Umberto Guidoni (born 18 August 1954 in Rome) is an Italian astrophysicist, science writer and a former ESA astronaut, being the first European to visit the International Space Station. He is a veteran of two NASA Space Shuttle missions. He was ...
,
Katia Bellillo
Katia Bellillo (born 17 February 1951, Foligno) is an Italian politician and former minister. She served in governments under Massimo D'Alema and Giuliano Amato between 1998 and 2001. Originally a member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), she ...
, 1 MEP)
The
electoral symbol
An electoral symbol is a standardised symbol allocated to an independent candidate or political party by a country's election commission for use in election ballots.
Usage
Symbols are used by parties in their campaigning, and printed on ballot p ...
for the 2009 election included the logos of the
Party of European Socialists
The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a social democratic and progressive European political party.
The PES comprises national-level political parties from all member states of the European Union (EU) plus Norway and the United Kingdom ...
(PES), the Federation of the Greens (a member of the
European Greens
The European Green Party (EGP), also referred to as European Greens, is the European political party that represents national parties from across Europe who share Green values. The European Greens works closely with the Greens–European Free ...
), the
European United Left–Nordic Green Left
European, or Europeans, or Europeneans, may refer to:
In general
* ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe
** Ethnic groups in Europe
** Demographics of Europe
** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe a ...
(GUE–NGL).
In the election, SL failed to pass the 4% threshold. Despite that, it was decided that SL would become a party.
Road to the new party
In October 2009, during a party congress, the Greens elected a new party leader,
Angelo Bonelli
Angelo Bonelli (born 30 July 1962) is an Italian politician. He is the spokesperson of Green Europe.
In 1990 he became councillor for the XIII district of the City of Rome and from 1993 to 1994 he was president of this district. He was also Regio ...
, and voted to opt out from the process of the foundation of the new party. However, Francescato and her faction decided to keep supporting SL as
Ecologists with Left Ecology Freedom and leave the Greens. SL was also weakened by the split occurred within PS, when the
United Socialists, who were opposed to the integration of PS into SL, walked out. Finally in November SL was hit by the sudden opt-out of the whole PS. Since November 2009 SL was thus composed of MpS, SD, UlS, the Ecologists and
Socialism and Left, a small minority of PS that wanted to continue the experience of SL.
In December SL was officially launched as a party, and Vendola was elected spokesperson.
After an important meeting in September in
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
, where it was decided to add "Ecology" to the party's name, in December 2009 Left Ecology and Freedom (SEL) held a constituent assembly in
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
. The new symbol was presented and Vendola was confirmed as spokesperson.
SEL, often in coalition with the PS, did well in the
2010 regional elections, especially in
Central
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
and
Southern Italy
Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half.
The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the peop ...
. Overall, SEL won 3.0% of the vote, with the PS at 0.7% and the Greens at 0.2%. In the
Apulian election Vendola was re-elected President of the Region and trailed SEL to 9.7%, its best regional result.
The party was officially founded in a congress in
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
on 22–24 October 2010. Vendola was elected president.
Road to the 2013 general election
In 2011 and 2012 the party offered a strong competition to the
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to:
*Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to:
Active parties Africa
*Botswana Democratic Party
*Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
*Gabonese Democratic Party
*Demo ...
(PD) in coalition primaries in many cities. In May 2011
Giuliano Pisapia
Giuliano Pisapia (; born 20 May 1949) is an Italian lawyer, politician, former mayor of Milan, former member of the Italian Parliament and member of the European Parliament.
As a politician, he has been a member of two left-wing parties, first P ...
and
Massimo Zedda
Massimo Zedda (born 6 January 1976) is an Italian politician, List of mayors of Cagliari, Mayor of Cagliari from 2011 to 2019.
Biography
Son of a Sardinian leader of the Italian Communist Party, Zedda joined Nichi Vendola's Left Ecology Freedom ...
, who had been supported by SEL in primaries, were elected mayors of
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
and
Cagliari
Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 inhabitant ...
, respectively. The party gained 5% in Milan, 6% in
Turin
Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...
, 10% in
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nat ...
, 6% in
Trieste
Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into provi ...
, 4% in
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
and 7% in Cagliari.
In occasion of the
2011 referendums
Eleven or 11 may refer to:
*11 (number), the natural number following 10 and preceding 12
* one of the years 11 BC, AD 11, 1911, 2011, or any year ending in 11
Literature
* ''Eleven'' (novel), a 2006 novel by British author David Llewellyn
*'' ...
of June 2011 (on the abrogation of a law allowing the construction of nuclear power plants in Italy, the abrogation of a law allowing the
privatisation of water management and the abrogation of so-called "legitimate impediment"), SEL gave full support to the "yes" committees. In May 2012
Marco Doria
Patrician Marco Doria, Marquis and Count of Montaldeo (born 13 October 1957) is an Italian academic and politician from Genoa. He served as Mayor of Genoa from 2012 to 2017.
Biography
Doria is a descendant of the Genoese ancient and noble fa ...
, another independent close to SEL, was elected Mayor of
Genoa
Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian ce ...
.
In August 2012 Vendola announced his bid for the
primary election
Primary elections, or direct primary are a voting process by which voters can indicate their preference for their party's candidate, or a candidate in general, in an upcoming general election, local election, or by-election. Depending on the ...
in order to select the candidate for Prime Minister of the PD-led
centre-left coalition
The centre-left coalition ( it, coalizione di centro-sinistra) is an political alliance, alliance of list of political parties in Italy, political parties in Italy active, under several forms and names, since 1995 when The Olive Tree (Italy), Th ...
in the
2013 general election. On 25 November Vendola won 15.6% of the vote and came third behind Democrats
Pier Luigi Bersani
Pier Luigi Bersani (; born 29 September 1951) is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD), Italy's leading centre-left party, from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 t ...
(44.9%) and
Matteo Renzi
Matteo Renzi (; born 11 January 1975) is an Italian politician who served as prime minister of Italy from 2014 to 2016. He has been a senator for Florence since 2018. Renzi has served as the leader of Italia Viva (IV) since 2019, having been ...
(35.5%). In the run-off Vendola supported Bersani, who defeated Renzi 60.9% to 39.1%. SEL selected its candidates for the election through a closed primary in December 2012.
2013 general election
In the
2013 general election, which took place in February 2013, the party was part of the centre-left
Italy. Common Good
Italia. Bene Comune (Italy. Common Good, IBC) was a centre-left political list and electoral alliance in Italy created to stand at the 2013 Italian general election. It ''de facto'' ended on 28 April 2013, with PD's new leader Enrico Letta forming ...
coalition, which supported PD leader
Pier Luigi Bersani
Pier Luigi Bersani (; born 29 September 1951) is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD), Italy's leading centre-left party, from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 t ...
as candidate for
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
. In the election SEL won 3.2% of the vote, returning 37 deputies and 7 senators. In its
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
it, Trentino (man) it, Trentina (woman) or it, Altoatesino (man) it, Altoatesina (woman) or it, Sudtirolesegerman: Südtiroler (man)german: Südtirolerin (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title = Official ...
's list SEL included some representatives of the
Greens of South Tyrol
The Greens (''––'') are a green and regionalist political party (with eco-socialist and self-proclaimed social-democratic tendencies) active in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Once the provincial section of the Federation of the Greens, the part ...
: one of them,
Florian Kronbichler
Florian may refer to:
People
* Florian (name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname
* Florian, Roman emperor in 276 AD
* Saint Florian (250 – c. 304 AD), patron saint of Poland and Upper Austria, al ...
, was elected to the Chamber.
On 16 March 2013
Laura Boldrini
Laura Boldrini, (; born 28 April 1961) is an Italian politician and former United Nations official, who served as President of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy. Previously she served as Spokesperson to the United Nations High Commissioner for ...
, an independent member of SEL, was elected
President of the Chamber of Deputies President of the Chamber of Deputies may refer to:
* List of presidents of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies
* List of presidents of the Chamber of Deputies of Bolivia
* President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
* President of the Chamber of Dep ...
.
In September SEL expressed its intention to join the
Party of European Socialists
The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a social democratic and progressive European political party.
The PES comprises national-level political parties from all member states of the European Union (EU) plus Norway and the United Kingdom ...
(PES), however in January 2014 the party finally endorsed
Alexis Tsipras, leader of the Greek
Coalition of the Radical Left
The Coalition of the Radical Left – Progressive Alliance ( el, Συνασπισμός Ριζοσπαστικής Αριστεράς – Προοδευτική Συμμαχία, Synaspismós Rizospastikís Aristerás – Proodeftikí Simachía), ...
(Syriza) and standard-bearer of the
Party of European Left in the
2014 European Parliament election
The 2014 European Parliament election was held in the European Union, from 22 to 25 May 2014.
It was the 8th parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979, and the first in which the European political parties fielded candid ...
, as their chosen candidate for
President of the European Commission
The president of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the European Union (EU). The President of the Commission leads a Cabinet of Commissioners, referred to as the College, collectively account ...
, and contested the election within
The Other Europe
The Other Europe ( it, L'Altra Europa), whose full name was The Other Europe with Tsipras (''L'Altra Europa con Tsipras'', AET), was a left-wing political organisation in Italy. It took part in the 2014 European Parliament election in support of ...
electoral list.
2014 European Parliament election
Ahead of the
2014 European Parliament election
The 2014 European Parliament election was held in the European Union, from 22 to 25 May 2014.
It was the 8th parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979, and the first in which the European political parties fielded candid ...
the party participated in the formation of a left-wing joint list,
The Other Europe
The Other Europe ( it, L'Altra Europa), whose full name was The Other Europe with Tsipras (''L'Altra Europa con Tsipras'', AET), was a left-wing political organisation in Italy. It took part in the 2014 European Parliament election in support of ...
, which was endorsed by
Alexis Tsipras and included several intellectuals and the
Communist Refoundation Party. In the election the list obtained 4.0% of the vote and 3 MEPs.
Right after the election, the party suffered a severe split in its parliamentary ranks as 12 deputies out of 37, including the floor leader
Gennaro Migliore
Gennaro Migliore (born 21 June 1968 in Naples) is an Italian politician of the Italia Viva party who has served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2006 until 2008 and again since 2013.
Early life and career
Migliore was born on 21 June ...
(who was replaced by
Nicola Fratoianni
Nicola Fratoianni (born 4 October 1972) is an Italian politician, member of the Chamber of Deputies and Secretary of Italian Left from 2017 to 2019 and again since 2021.
Biography
Fratoianni was born in Pisa to parents from Ururi, province of C ...
and, soon after,
Arturo Scotto), left the party over disagreements with the party's line and started to support the
Renzi Cabinet
The Renzi government was the 63rd government of the Italian Republic, in office from February 2014 to December 2016. It was led by Matteo Renzi, secretary and leader of the centre-left Democratic Party (PD).
The government was composed of membe ...
. The bulk of the splinters joined forces in
Freedom and Rights – European Socialists, while some others directly joined Renzi's
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to:
*Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to:
Active parties Africa
*Botswana Democratic Party
*Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
*Gabonese Democratic Party
*Demo ...
.
Dissolution into Italian Left
In November 2015 SEL formed a joint parliamentary group in the Chamber, named
Italian Left
Italian Left ( it, Sinistra Italiana, SI) is a left-wing political party in Italy. SI was launched in November 2015 as a parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies (full name: Italian Left – Left Ecology Freedom), including Left Ecology Fr ...
(SI), with splinters from the PD (see
Future to the Left
Future to the Left ( it, Futuro a Sinistra) was a social democracy, social-democratic list of political parties in Italy, political party in Italy. Its leader was Stefano Fassina.
In June 2015 Fassina, a long-time critic of Matteo Renzi, leader o ...
) and other parties. In February 2016 SI held its constituent assembly in Rome, where it was announced that SI will be founded as a full-fledged party in December. In March 2016 SI was established as a sub-group within the
Mixed Group
The mixed group ( it, Gruppo Misto, GM) is a parliamentary group active in both houses of the Italian Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The groups comprise all the deputies and the senators, respectively, who are not members of ...
in the Senate: five SEL senators joined, while other two (including
Sardist Luciano Uras
Luciano is an Italian, Spanish and Portuguese given name and surname. It is derived from Latin ''Lucianus'', patronymic of ''Lucius'' ("Light"). The French form is ''Lucien'', while the Basque form is ''Luken''.
Single name
* Luciano (rapper ...
) refused to do so.
On 17 December 2016, SEL was merged into SI, which would be officially launched as a party in early 2017.
Electoral results
Italian Parliament
European Parliament
Leadership
*Spokesperson/President:
[The role of spokesperson was renamed as president at the 2010 congress.] Nichi Vendola
Nicola "Nichi" Vendola (; born 26 August 1958) is an Italian left-wing politician and LGBT activist who was a Member of the Chamber of Deputies from Apulia from 1992 to 2005 and President of Apulia from 2005 to 2015. He is one of the first o ...
(2009–2016)
**Vice President:
Maria Luisa Boccia (2014–2016),
Fabio Mussi
Fabio Mussi (born 22 January 1948) is an Italian politician, formerly Minister of University and Research in the Prodi II Cabinet. A former member of the Italian Communist Party and then Democrats of the Left, he became a lead founding member o ...
(2014–2016)
**Coordinator:
Claudio Fava
Claudio Fava (born 15 April 1957) is an Italian politician and writer. He is the Coordinator of the National Secretariat of Sinistra Ecologia Libertà ( Left Ecology Freedom). He was until 2009 Member of the European Parliament for the Italian ...
(2009–2013),
Francesco Ferrara
Francesco Ferrara (1810–1900) was an Italian economist, and political scientist. He helped introduce the classical economic theories of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and J. S. Mill
John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873) was an Engl ...
(2013–2014),
Nicola Fratoianni
Nicola Fratoianni (born 4 October 1972) is an Italian politician, member of the Chamber of Deputies and Secretary of Italian Left from 2017 to 2019 and again since 2021.
Biography
Fratoianni was born in Pisa to parents from Ururi, province of C ...
(2014–2016)
*President of the National Bureau:
Fabio Mussi
Fabio Mussi (born 22 January 1948) is an Italian politician, formerly Minister of University and Research in the Prodi II Cabinet. A former member of the Italian Communist Party and then Democrats of the Left, he became a lead founding member o ...
(2010–2014)
*President of the National Assembly:
Maria Luisa Boccia (2010–2014),
Paolo Cento
Paolo Cento (born 10 July 1962) is an Italian politician.
Biography
Paolo Cento began his political commitment in the Catholic groups and in the AGESCI.
In 1985 he was among the founders of the Greens, with whom he was elected municipal (1985 ...
(2014–2016)
*Party Leader in the
Chamber of Deputies
The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures.
Description
Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...
:
Gennaro Migliore
Gennaro Migliore (born 21 June 1968 in Naples) is an Italian politician of the Italia Viva party who has served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2006 until 2008 and again since 2013.
Early life and career
Migliore was born on 21 June ...
(2013–2014),
Nicola Fratoianni
Nicola Fratoianni (born 4 October 1972) is an Italian politician, member of the Chamber of Deputies and Secretary of Italian Left from 2017 to 2019 and again since 2021.
Biography
Fratoianni was born in Pisa to parents from Ururi, province of C ...
(2014),
Arturo Scotto (2014–2016)
*Party Leader in the
Senate
A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
:
Loredana De Petris
Loredana De Petris (born 24 November 1957) is an Italian politician and senator for four legislatures.
Biography From Proletarian Democracy to the Greens
De Petris began her political career in the 1980s joining Proletarian Democracy and has ...
(2013–2016)
Symbols
File:SINISTRA E LIBERTA' - 1.jpg, 2009
File:SINISTRA ECOLOGIA LIBERTA - 2.jpg, 2009
File:Left Ecology Freedom.png, 2010–2016
External links
Official website
References
{{Authority control
2009 establishments in Italy
2016 disestablishments in Italy
Defunct socialist parties in Italy
Defunct political parties in Italy
Democratic socialist parties in Europe
Ecosocialist parties
Political parties disestablished in 2016
Political parties established in 2009