Komsomolsk-on-Amur ( rus, Комсомольск-на-Амуре, r=Komsomolsk-na-Amure, p=kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐɐˈmurʲə) is a
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in
Khabarovsk Krai
Khabarovsk Krai ( rus, Хабаровский край, r=Khabarovsky kray, p=xɐˈbarəfskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia. It is geographically located in the Russian Far East and is a part of the Far Eastern Federal District ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, located on the west bank of the
Amur River
The Amur (russian: река́ Аму́р, ), or Heilong Jiang (, "Black Dragon River", ), is the world's List of longest rivers, tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China, Northeastern China (Inne ...
in the
Russian Far East
The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admini ...
. It is located on the
Baikal-Amur Mainline, northeast of
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk ( rus, Хабaровск, a=Хабаровск.ogg, r=Habárovsk, p=xɐˈbarəfsk) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China ...
. Population:
Geography
The city and its suburbs stretch for over along the left bank of the
Amur River
The Amur (russian: река́ Аму́р, ), or Heilong Jiang (, "Black Dragon River", ), is the world's List of longest rivers, tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China, Northeastern China (Inne ...
. The river at this point is up to wide. Lake
Khummi is located southeast of the city.
Google Earth
Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D computer graphics, 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposition, superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and geog ...
The distance to
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk ( rus, Хабaровск, a=Хабаровск.ogg, r=Habárovsk, p=xɐˈbarəfsk) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China ...
—the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of the
krai
A krai or kray (; russian: край, , ''kraya'') is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.
Etymologically, the word is relate ...
—is ; to the
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
—about . The nearest other major town is
Amursk, about south.
It is about east of
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, and lies at the eastern end of the
BAM Railway.
History
The future site of Komsomolsk-on-Amur was conquered by the
Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...
in the 13th century, becoming part of the
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, ...
under the Mongol
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...
. It was later held by the
Manchus
The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and Q ...
until the area was ceded to the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
in the
treaty of Aigun
The Treaty of Aigun (Russian: Айгунский договор; ) was an 1858 treaty between the Russian Empire and the Qing dynasty that established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and China by ceding much of Manchuria ( ...
in 1858. The village of Permskoye () was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from what is now the
Perm Krai
Perm Krai (russian: Пе́рмский край, r=Permsky kray, p=ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj, ''Permsky krai'', , ''Perem lador'') is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 refe ...
.
The government of the
Russian SFSR
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyard on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932. The town was largely built using volunteer labor from the
Communist
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
youth organization
Komsomol
The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (russian: link=no, Всесоюзный ленинский коммунистический союз молодёжи (ВЛКСМ), ), usually known as Komsomol (; russian: Комсомол, links=n ...
, thus receiving the name Komsomolsk. However, the construction of the town was aided with the use of penal labour from the prison camps situated in the area. The suffix ''on Amur'' was added to differentiate from
other towns with the same name. It was granted town status in 1933.
By the end of the 1940s, the shipyards along with facilities for other heavy industry had been completed. The city developed into a regional center for industries such as
aircraft manufacturing
An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines ...
,
metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ...
,
machinery
A machine is a physical system using power to apply forces and control movement to perform an action. The term is commonly applied to artificial devices, such as those employing engines or motors, but also to natural biological macromolecule ...
,
oil refining
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into useful products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefie ...
, and
shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to befor ...
. At present, Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the main center for the manufacture of Sukhoi military aircraft and the Sukhoi Superjet airliner. The
MiG-15
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (russian: Микоя́н и Гуре́вич МиГ-15; USAF/DoD designation: Type 14; NATO reporting name: Fagot) is a jet fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich for the Soviet Union. The MiG-15 was one of ...
bis and the Lisunov
Li-2
The Lisunov Li-2 (NATO reporting name: Cab), originally designated PS-84, was a license-built Soviet-version of the Douglas DC-3. It was produced by Factory #84 in Moscow-Khimki and, after evacuation in 1941, at TAPO in Tashkent. The proje ...
were both manufactured in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, Komsomolsk-on-Amur serves as the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of
Komsomolsky District,
even though it is not a part of it.
[Resolution #143-pr] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the
city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
.
As a
municipal division, the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure is incorporated as Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug.
[Law #192] The city is administratively divided into 2 okrugs (previously raion), coinciding with the historical parts: Leninsky (Dzemgi) and Central.
In the Soviet period, the administrative-territorial division of the city was different from the present. In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 19 October 1943 were formed Lenin, Stalin and Central areas. Stalinsky district included the territory of Railway Amurstali and residential community.
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "On the Abolition of the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Krai" on August 7, 1957 in the district division was abolished, but the decree of March 31, 1972 the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the newly divided the city into two districts - Central and Leninsky.
Layout
Komsomolsk-on-Amur consists of two historical parts: the center, or "city", where the main enterprise - Shipyard, and the Dzemgi - an area that has formed during the construction of an aircraft factory (future
KnAAPO). In fact, each of the parts is a separate town, itself a single center in the city.
Areas of the city are very different architectural appearance: Center Stalinist buildings dominated the 40-50s (exception - the residential area near the railway station), Dzemgi is built up mainly typical panel apartment blocks. The "sleeping" area Dzemgi is not, as the majority of their residents work in enterprises located here.
Climate
Komsomolsk-on-Amur has a
humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
''Dfb''). Temperatures in the area of the city typically change by over over the course of the year, with a daily average of in January, compared to in July.
Economy and infrastructure
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is an important industrial center of Khabarovsk Krai and of the
Russian Far East
The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admini ...
.
[Komsomolsk-on-Amur city](_blank)
It has a diversified economy where machine building, metallurgy and timber enterprises dominate.
The city's most notable company is
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant (KnAAPO or KnAAZ; russian: Комсомольский-на-Амуре авиационный завод); based in Komsomolsk-on-Amur in the Russian Far East, is the largest aircraft-manufacturing company in Rus ...
, Russia's largest aircraft-manufacturing enterprise. It is among
Khabarovsk Krai's most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory.
It has manufactured hundreds of civil aircraft and thousands of various-role military aircraft from the first recon aircraft to modern Su- series fighters and light amphibian aeroplanes.
The company is hugely important to the city's economy, contributing 45% of all payments into the local budget.
Also based in the city is
Amur Shipbuilding Plant
OJSC Amur Shipbuilding Plant (russian: Амурский судостроительный завод, ''Amurskiy Sudostroitelnyy Zavod'', and also called the "Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard") is an important shipyard in eastern Russia, based in Kom ...
, an important producer of ships and submarines.
The easternmost
GLONASS
GLONASS (russian: ГЛОНАСС, label=none, ; rus, links=no, Глобальная навигационная спутниковая система, r=Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, t=Global Navigation Satellite System) is ...
telemetry and tracking station is located in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
Two air bases are located near the city,
Khurba
Khurba Airport (also given as Komsomolsk South, Khurba, Uchastok, and Kalinovka) is an air base (also used as an airport (russian: Аэропорт Хурба)) in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia south of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. This medium-sized base ha ...
to the south and
Dzemgi
Dzyomgi Airport (russian: Аэропорт Дзёмги) is an air base in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia located northeast of Komsomolsk-na-Amure. Dzyomgi is Komsomolsk-na-Amure's northeast side airport, handling small airliner traffic.
The base is ...
to the north.
Komsomolsk-on-Amur railway station
Komsomolsk-on-Amur railway station is a railway station in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the ...
is an important
rail junction
A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. This implies a physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge), provided by ''points'' ( ...
of
Baikal-Amur Mainline and
Komsomolsk-Dezhnyovka railway line.
The city is served by the
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airport
Khurba Airport (also given as Komsomolsk South, Khurba, Uchastok, and Kalinovka) is an air base (also used as an airport (russian: Аэропорт Хурба)) in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia south of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. This medium-sized base has ...
Public transport includes 5 tram routes, bus and fixed-taxi (
marshrutka
''Marshrutka''[Sukhoi Su-57
The Sukhoi Su-57 (russian: Сухой Су-57; NATO reporting name: Felon) is a Twinjet, twin-engine stealth Multirole combat aircraft, multirole fighter aircraft developed by Sukhoi. It is the product of the PAK FA (russian: ПАК ФА, russ ...](_blank)
prototype occurred at the Gagarin Factory.
File:Sukhoi Superjet 100 prototype.jpg, Test flight of a Sukhoi Superjet 100
The Sukhoi Superjet 100 () or SSJ100 is a regional jet designed by Russian aircraft company Sukhoi Civil Aircraft, a division of the United Aircraft Corporation (now: Regional Aircraft – Branch of the Irkut Corporation). With development starti ...
prototype in Komsomolsk-on-Amur
File:KnA tram 162.jpg, Tram
Twin towns – sister cities
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is
twinned with:
*
Jiamusi
Jiamusi (Manchu: ; formerly Kiamusze) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. Located along the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, it faces Russia's Khabarovsk Krai across the Ussuri R ...
, China (1994)
*
Kamo The name Kamo may refer to the following:
Places
Japan
(Note: ''kamo'' ( 鴨), is the common word for ''duck'' in Japanese, but the following names do not necessarily mean ''duck'' and are not necessarily written with that character.)
* Kamo, N ...
, Japan (1991)
*
Weinan
Weinan () is a prefecture-level city in the east central Shaanxi province, China. The city lies on the lower section of the Wei River confluence into the Yellow River, about east of the provincial capital Xi'an, and borders the provinces of Shan ...
, China (2016)
Notable residents
*
Alex Chubrevich
Alex Chubrevich ( he, אלכס צ'וברביץ, russian: Алексей « Алекс » Чубревич; born July 23, 1986) is an Israeli professional basketball player for Maccabi Haifa B.C., Maccabi Haifa of the Israeli Basketball Premier ...
, Israeli-Russian professional basketball player for Maccabi Haifa of the
Israeli Super League
The Israeli Premier League ( he, ליגת העל, ''Ligat Ha`Al'', ), is a professional association football league which operates as the highest division of the Israeli Football League – the state's league of Israel. The league is contested b ...
.
*
Yuliya Chepalova
Yulia Anatolyevna Chepalova (russian: Ю́лия Анато́льевна Чепа́лова; born 23 December 1976 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian SFSR) is a former Russian cross-country skier.
Early and current personal life
Daughter of a cros ...
, cross-country skier.
*
Anatoly Dyatlov
Anatoly Stepanovich Dyatlov (russian: Анатолий Степанович Дятлов, uk, Анатолій Степанович Дятлов; 3 March 1931 – 13 December 1995) was a Soviet engineer who was the deputy chief engineer for the ...
, deputy chief-engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
*
Yury Gazinsky, footballer, scorer of the first goal at the
2018 FIFA World Cup
The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national Association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awa ...
, was born in the city
*
Alexandra Ivanovskaya
Alexandra Ivanovskaya ( Russian: Александра Ивановская) was born in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Soviet Union in 1989. She was crowned "Miss Russia 2005" in Moscow on 22 December. During the beauty pageant
A beauty pageant is a com ...
, "Miss Russia 2005"
*
Valentina Khetagurova (1914–1992), founder of the
Khetagurovite Campaign
Valentina Semyonovna Khetagurova (russian: Валентина Семёновна Хетагурова; 19141992), was a founder of the Khetagurova movement (Khetagurovite Campaign), a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union for the R ...
*
Pasha Kovalev
Pavel "Pasha" Kovalev (russian: Па́вел "Па́ша" Ковалёв) is a Russian professional Latin and ballroom dancer.
Kovalev started dancing at the age of eight, and in 2001, moved to the United States with his professional dance par ...
, professional dancer
*
Sergei Plotnikov, ice hockey player with Pittsburgh Penguins, NHL
*
Ivan Shtyl
Ivan Aleksandrovich Shtyl (russian: Иван Александрович Штыль; born 6 August 1986) is a Russian sprint canoeist who has competed since 2004. He won eighteen medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with twelve gol ...
, sprint canoer
See also
*
Komsomolsk-on-Amur road-rail bridge
Komsomolsk-on-Amur ( rus, Комсомольск-на-Амуре, r=Komsomolsk-na-Amure, p=kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐɐˈmurʲə) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the west bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is locate ...
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
*
External links
Sports in Komsomolsk-on-AmurFC Smena (Komsomolsk-on-Amur)
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Khabarovsk Krai
Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union
1860 establishments in the Russian Empire