Karlsruhe ( , , ;

South Franconian South Franconian (german: Südfränkisch) or South Rhine Franconian (german: Südrheinfränkisch) is an Upper German dialect which is spoken in the northernmost part of Baden-Württemberg in Germany, around Karlsruhe, Mosbach and Heilbronn. Lik ...

: ''Kallsruh'') is the third-largest city of the German state (''Land'') of Baden-Württemberg after its capital of

Stuttgart Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel'' (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the ...

and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants. It is also a former capital of Baden, a historic region named after Hohenbaden Castle in the city of Baden-Baden. Located on the right bank of the Rhine near the French border, between the Mannheim/

Ludwigshafen Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (; meaning " Ludwig's Port upon Rhine"), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine, opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it form ...

conurbation to the north and

Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label=Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label=Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the Eu ...

/ Kehl to the south, Karlsruhe is Germany's legal center, being home to the Federal Constitutional Court (''Bundesverfassungsgericht''), the Federal Court of Justice (''Bundesgerichtshof'') and the Public Prosecutor General of the Federal Court of Justice (''Generalbundesanwalt beim Bundesgerichtshof''). Karlsruhe was the capital of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach ( Durlach: 1565–1718; Karlsruhe: 1718–1771), the Margraviate of Baden (1771–1803), the Electorate of Baden (1803–1806), the

Grand Duchy of Baden The Grand Duchy of Baden (german: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918. It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subs ...

(1806–1918), and the Republic of Baden (1918–1945). Its most remarkable building is Karlsruhe Palace, which was built in 1715. There are nine institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; german: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie) is a public research university in Karlsruhe, Germany. The institute is a national research center of the Helmholtz Association. KIT was created in 2009 w ...

(''Karlsruher Institut für Technologie''). Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport (''Flughafen Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden'') is the second-busiest airport of Baden-Württemberg after

Stuttgart Airport Stuttgart Airport (German: ''Flughafen Stuttgart'', formerly ''Flughafen Stuttgart-Echterdingen'') is the international airport of Stuttgart, the capital of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is christened in honor of Stuttgart's forme ...

, and the 17th-busiest airport of Germany.

Geography

Karlsruhe lies completely to the east of the Rhine, and almost completely on the Upper Rhine Plain. It contains the Turmberg in the east, and also lies on the borders of the Kraichgau leading to the Northern Black Forest. The Rhine, one of the world's most important shipping routes, forms the western limits of the city, beyond which lie the towns of Maximiliansau and Wörth am Rhein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The city centre is about from the river, as measured from the Marktplatz (Market Square). Two tributaries of the Rhine, the Alb and the

Pfinz The Pfinz is a right tributary of the Rhine in Baden-Württemberg. Its origin is located at the northern edge of the Black Forest near the Straubenhardt borough of Pfinzweiler. Near Durlach it enters the Upper Rhine Plain and continues, splittin ...

, flow through the city from the Kraichgau to eventually join the Rhine. The city lies at an altitude between 100 and 322 m (near the communications tower in the suburb of Grünwettersbach). Its geographical coordinates are ; the 49th parallel runs through the city centre, which puts it at the same latitude as much of the

Canada–United States border The border between Canada and the United States is the longest international border in the world. The terrestrial boundary (including boundaries in the Great Lakes, Atlantic, and Pacific coasts) is long. The land border has two sections: Can ...

, the cities Vancouver (Canada), Paris (France),

Regensburg Regensburg or is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the Danube, Naab and Regen rivers. It is capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the state in the south of Germany. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the f ...

(Germany), and

Hulunbuir Hulunbuir or Hulun Buir ( mn, , ''Kölün buyir'', Mongolian Cyrillic: Хөлөнбуйр, ''Khölönbuir''; zh, s=呼伦贝尔, ''Hūlúnbèi'ěr'') is a region that is governed as a prefecture-level city in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. ...

(China). Its course is marked by a stone and painted line in the ''Stadtgarten'' (municipal park). The total area of the city is , hence it is the 30th largest city in Germany measured by land area. The longest north–south distance is and in the east–west direction. Karlsruhe is part of the urban area of Karlsruhe/Pforzheim, to which certain other towns in the district of Karlsruhe, such as Bruchsal, Ettlingen,

Stutensee Stutensee is a town in northern Karlsruhe district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was founded in 1975 by the voluntary connection of the four villages of Blankenloch (with Büchig), Friedrichstal, Spöck and Staffort. In the meantime it h ...

, and

Rheinstetten Rheinstetten (; South Franconian: ''Rhoischdedde'') is a town in the west of Baden-Württemberg on the border to Rhineland-Palatinate. It is situated to the south-west of Karlsruhe and belongs to the rural district of Karlsruhe. The city h ...

, as well as the city of Pforzheim, belong. MiRO8

The city was planned with the palace tower (''Schloss'') at the center and 32 streets radiating out from it like the spokes of a wheel, or the ribs of a folding fan, so that one nickname for Karlsruhe in German is the "fan city" (''Fächerstadt''). Almost all of these streets survive to this day. Because of this city layout, in metric geometry,

Karlsruhe metric In metric geometry, the Karlsruhe metric is a measure of distance that assumes travel is only possible along rays through the origin and circular arcs centered at the origin. The name alludes to the layout of the city of Karlsruhe, which has radia ...

refers to a measure of distance that assumes travel is only possible along radial streets and along circular avenues around the centre. The city centre is the oldest part of town and lies south of the palace in the quadrant defined by nine of the radial streets. The central part of the palace runs east–west, with two wings, each at a 45° angle, directed southeast and southwest (i.e., parallel with the streets marking the boundaries of the quadrant defining the city center). The

market square The market square (or sometimes, the market place) is a Town square, square meant for trading, in which a market is held. It is an important feature of many towns and cities around the world.Ettlingen. The market square has the

town hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...

(''Rathaus'') to the west, the main Lutheran church (''Evangelische Stadtkirche'') to the east, and the tomb of Margrave Charles III William in a pyramid in the buildings, resulting in Karlsruhe being one of only three large cities in Germany where buildings are laid out in the neoclassical style. The area north of the palace is a park and forest. Originally the area to the east of the palace consisted of gardens and forests, some of which remain, but the

(founded in 1825), Wildparkstadion football stadium, and residential areas have been built there. The area west of the palace is now mostly residential. Karlsruhe 180 panorama

Climate

Karlsruhe experiences an

oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ( ...

( Köppen ''Cfb'') and its winter climate is milder, compared to most other German cities, except for the Rhine-Ruhr area. Summers can be very hot with several days above 35°C in a row and with an average of more than 2000 sunshine hours a year, it is also one of the sunniest cities in Germany, like the Rhine-Palatinate area. Precipitation occurs mainly during the winter, while in summer it is concentrated on single evening thunderstorms. In 2008, the weather station in Karlsruhe, which had been in operation since 1876, was closed; it was replaced by a weather station in

, south of Karlsruhe.

Districts

Karlsruhe is divided into 27 districts.

History

According to legend, the name ''Karlsruhe'', which translates as "Charles' repose" or "Charles' peace", was given to the new city after a hunting trip when Margrave Charles III William of

Baden-Durlach The Margraviate of Baden-Durlach was an early modern territory of the Holy Roman Empire, in the upper Rhine valley, which existed from 1535 to 1771. It was formed when the Margraviate of Baden was split between the sons of Margrave Christopher ...

woke from a dream in which he dreamt of founding his new city. A variation of this story claims that he built the new palace to find peace from his wife. Charles William founded the city on June 17, 1715, after a dispute with the citizens of his previous capital, Durlach. The founding of the city is closely linked to the construction of the

palace A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which ...

. Karlsruhe became the capital of

, and, in 1771, of the united Baden until 1945. Built in 1822, the ''Ständehaus'' was the first parliament building in a German state. In the aftermath of the democratic revolution of 1848, a republican government was elected there. Karlsruhe was visited by Thomas Jefferson during his time as the American envoy to France; when Pierre Charles L'Enfant was planning the layout of Washington, D.C., Jefferson passed to him maps of 12 European towns to consult, one of which was a sketch he had made of Karlsruhe during his visit. In 1860, the first-ever international professional

convention Convention may refer to: * Convention (norm), a custom or tradition, a standard of presentation or conduct ** Treaty, an agreement in international law * Convention (meeting), meeting of a (usually large) group of individuals and/or companies in a ...

of chemists, the Karlsruhe Congress, was held in the city. In 1907 the town was site of the Hau Riot where large crowds caused disturbance during the trial of murderer

Carl Hau Karl or Carl Hau (1881–1926) was an early 20th century German lawyer found guilty of murdering his mother-in-law. His sensational trial in 1907 sparked the Hau Riot, the biggest street riot of its kind in German history. Life Hau was born ...

. On Kristallnacht in 1938, the Adass Jeshurun synagogue was burned to the ground, and the city's Jews were later sent to the

Dachau concentration camp , , commandant = List of commandants , known for = , location = Upper Bavaria, Southern Germany , built by = Germany , operated by = ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) , original use = Political prison , construction ...

Gurs concentration camp Gurs internment camp was an internment camp and prisoner of war camp constructed in 1939 in Gurs, a site in southwestern France, not far from Pau. The camp was originally set up by the French government after the fall of Catalonia at the en ...

, Theresienstadt, and

Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...

during the Holocaust, with 1,421 of Karlsruhe's Jews being killed. During World War II, it was the location of a

forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence including death, or other forms of ex ...

camp for men, and a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp, whose prisoners were mainly

Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Ce ...

and Russians. Much of the central area, including the palace, was reduced to rubble by Allied bombing during World War II, but was rebuilt after the war. Located in the American zone of the postwar Allied occupation, Karlsruhe was home to an American military base, established in 1945. After the war, the city was part of West Germany until 1990. In 1995, the bases

closed Closed may refer to: Mathematics * Closure (mathematics), a set, along with operations, for which applying those operations on members always results in a member of the set * Closed set, a set which contains all its limit points * Closed interval, ...

, and their facilities were turned over to the city of Karlsruhe.

Population

The following list shows the most significant groups of foreigners residing in the city of Karlsruhe by country.

Main sights

The ''Stadtgarten'' is a recreational area near the main railway station (''Hauptbahnhof'') and was rebuilt for the 1967

Federal Garden Show The Bundesgartenschau BUGA is a biennial federal horticulture show in Germany. It also covers topics like landscaping. Taking place in different cities, the location changes in a two-year cycle. BUGA cities *1951 – Hannover *1953 – Hamburg ...

(''Bundesgartenschau''). It is also the site of the Karlsruhe Zoo. The '' Durlacher Turmberg'' has a look-out tower (hence its name). It is a former

keep A keep (from the Middle English ''kype'') is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars have debated the scope of the word ''keep'', but usually consider it to refer to large towers in c ...

dating back to the 13th century. The city has two botanical gardens: the municipal ''

Botanischer Garten Karlsruhe The Botanischer Garten Karlsruhe is a municipal botanical garden located in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. This garden should not be confused with the nearby Botanischer Garten der Universität Karlsruhe operated by the University of Kar ...

'', which forms part of the Palace complex, and the '' Botanischer Garten der Universität Karlsruhe'', which is maintained by the university. The ''Marktplatz'' has a stone pyramid marking the grave of the city's founder. Built in 1825, it is the emblem of Karlsruhe. The city is nicknamed the "fan city" (''die Fächerstadt'') because of its design layout, with straight streets radiating fan-like from the Palace. The Karlsruhe Palace (''Schloss'') is an interesting piece of architecture; the adjacent '' Schlossgarten'' includes the Botanical Garden with a palm, cactus and orchid house, and walking paths through the woods to the north. The so-called ''Kleine Kirche'' (Little Church), built between 1773 and 1776, is the oldest church of Karlsruhe's city centre. The architect Friedrich Weinbrenner designed many of the city's most important sights. Another sight is the ''Rondellplatz'' with its 'Constitution Building Columns' (1826). It is dedicated to Baden's first constitution in 1818, which was one of the most liberal of its time. The ''Münze'' (mint), erected in 1826/27, was also built by Weinbrenner. Karlsruhe StStephan

The St. Stephan parish church is one of the masterpieces of neoclassical church architecture in. Weinbrenner, who built this church between 1808 and 1814, orientated it to the

Pantheon, Rome The Pantheon (, ; la, Pantheum,Although the spelling ''Pantheon'' is standard in English, only ''Pantheum'' is found in classical Latin; see, for example, Pliny, '' Natural History'36.38 "Agrippas Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis". Se ...

The neo-Gothic Grand Ducal Burial Chapel, built between 1889 and 1896, is a

mausoleum A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be consid ...

rather than a church, and is located in the middle of the forest. The main cemetery of Karlsruhe is the oldest park-like cemetery in Germany. The crematorium was the first to be built in the style of a church. Karlsruhe is also home to a natural history museum (the State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe), an opera house (the Baden State Theatre), as well as a number of independent theatres and art galleries. The

State Art Gallery State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

, built in 1846 by Heinrich Hübsch, displays paintings and sculptures from six centuries, particularly from France, Germany and Holland. Karlsruhe's newly renovated art museum is one of the most important art museums in Baden-Württemberg. Further cultural attractions are scattered throughout Karlsruhe's various incorporated suburbs. Established in 1924, the Scheffel Association is the largest literary society in Germany. Today the ''Prinz-Max-Palais'', built between 1881 and 1884 in neoclassical style, houses the organisation and includes its museum. Karlsruhe Moninger Jugendstil

Due to population growth in the late 19th century, Karlsruhe developed several suburban areas (''

Vorstadt In German, a Vorstadt is an area of a city that is outside the Altstadt (city center) but tightly connected to it and densely populated, thus distinguishing itself from a ''Vorort'' (suburb). Historically, a ''Vorstadt'' ("suburb" in German) was ...

'') in the '' Gründerzeit'' and especially

art nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

styles of architecture, with many preserved examples. Karlsruhe is also home to the ''Majolika-Manufaktur'', the only art-ceramics pottery studio in Germany. Founded in 1901, it is located in the ''Schlossgarten''. A 'blue streak' (''Blauer Strahl'') consisting of 1,645 ceramic tiles, connects the studio with the Palace. It is the world's largest ceramic artwork. Another tourist attraction is the Centre for Art and Media (''Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie'', or ZKM), which is located in a converted ammunition factory.

Government

Justice

Karlsruhe is the seat of the German Federal Constitutional Court ''(Bundesverfassungsgericht)'' and the highest Court of Appeals in civil and criminal cases, the ''

Bundesgerichtshof The Federal Court of Justice (german: Bundesgerichtshof, BGH) is the highest court in the system of ordinary jurisdiction (''ordentliche Gerichtsbarkeit'') in Germany, founded in 1950. It has its seat in Karlsruhe with two panels being situat ...

''. The courts came to Karlsruhe after World War II, when the provinces of Baden and Württemberg were merged.

, capital of Württemberg, became the capital of the new province ( Württemberg-Baden in 1945 and Baden-Württemberg in 1952). In compensation for the state authorities relocated to Stuttgart, Karlsruhe applied to become the seat of the high court.

Public health

There are four hospitals: The municipal ''Klinikum Karlsruhe'' provides the maximum level of medical services, the ''St. Vincentius-Kliniken'' and the '' Diakonissenkrankenhaus'', connected to the Catholic and Protestant churches, respectively, offer central services, and the private ''Paracelsus-Klinik'' basic medical care, according to state hospital demand planning.

Economy

Germany's largest oil refinery is located in Karlsruhe, at the western edge of the city, directly on the river Rhine. The ''Technologieregion Karlsruhe'' is a loose confederation of the region's cities in order to promote high tech industries; today, about 20% of the region's jobs are in

research and development Research and development (R&D or R+D), known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, and improving existi ...

. EnBW, one of Germany's biggest electric utility companies, with a revenue of 19.2 billion € in 2012, is headquartered in the city.

Internet activities

Due to the

providing services until the late 1990, Karlsruhe became known as the ''internet capital'' of Germany. The DENIC, Germany's

network information centre A domain name registry is a database of all domain names and the associated registrant information in the top level domains of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet that enables third party entities to request administrative control of a do ...

, has since moved to Frankfurt, though, where DE-CIX is located. Two major internet service providers, WEB.DE and

schlund+partner Robby Schlund (born 19 February 1967) is a German politician for the populist Alternative for Germany (AfD) party and from 2017 to 2021 member of the Bundestag, the federal legislative body. Biography Schlund was born 1967 in the East German ...

/ 1&1, now both owned by United Internet AG, are located at Karlsruhe. The library of the

developed the

Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog (KVK) is a book search engine administered by the library of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. It was developed by KIT-Library in 1996 and continuously expanded and adapted since. It searches a large number of c ...

, the first internet site that allowed researchers worldwide (for free) to search multiple library catalogues worldwide. In the year 2000 the regional online "newspaper" ''ka-news.de'' was created. As a daily newspaper, it not only provides the news, but also informs readers about upcoming events in Karlsruhe and surrounding areas. Karlsruhe Rbf Einfahrgruppe

In addition to established companies, Karlsruhe has a vivid and spreading startup community with well-known startups like STAPPZ. Together, the local high tech industry is responsible for over 22.000 jobs.

Politics

Mayor

The current mayor of Karlsruhe is Frank Mentrup of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) since 2013. The most recent mayoral election was held on 6 December 2020, and the results were as follows: ! colspan=2, Candidate ! Party ! Votes ! % , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Frank Mentrup , align=left, SPD/ Green , 50,064 , 52.6 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Sven Weigt , align=left, CDU/ FDP , 24,158 , 25.4 , - , , align=left, Petra Lorenz , align=left, Free Voters/For Karlsruhe , 8,303 , 8.7 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Paul Schmidt , align=left,

Alternative for Germany Alternative for Germany (german: link=no, Alternative für Deutschland, AfD; ) is a right-wing populist * * * * * * * political party in Germany. AfD is known for its opposition to the European Union, as well as immigration to Germany. I ...

, 3,914 , 4.1 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Vanessa Schulz , align=left, Die PARTEI , 2,660 , 2.8 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Marc Nehlig , align=left, Independent , 6,065 , 6.4 , - , colspan=3 align=left, ''Other'' , 97 , 0.1 , - ! colspan=3, Valid votes ! 95,261 ! 99.6 , - ! colspan=3, Invalid votes ! 430 ! 0.4 , - ! colspan=3, Total ! 95,961 ! 100.0 , - ! colspan=3, Electorate/voter turnout ! 231,335 ! 41.4 , - , colspan=5, Source
City of Karlsruhe

List of mayors

After the castle was founded in 1715, there was also a settlement in which a mayor was appointed from 1718. From 1812 the mayors received the title of Lord Mayor. In addition to the Lord Mayor, there are five other mayors. Mayor for: * Human Resources, Elections and Statistics, Citizen Service and Security, Culture * Youth and social affairs, schools, sports, pools * Finance, economy and work, city marketing, congresses, exhibitions and events, tourism, supply and ports, real estate and market affairs * Environment and climate protection, health, cemetery office, waste management, forestry, fire and disaster control * Planning, building, real estate management, people's apartment and zoo

List of Mayors

City council

The Karlsruhe city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows: ! colspan=2, Party ! Votes ! % ! +/- ! Seats ! +/- , - , bgcolor=, , align=left,

Alliance 90/The Greens Alliance 90/The Greens (german: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, ), often simply referred to as the Greens ( ), is a Green politics, green List of political parties in Germany, political party in Germany. It was formed in 1993 as the merger of The Greens ...

(Grüne) , 1,802,237 , 30.0 , 10.2 , 15 , 6 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Christian Democratic Union (CDU) , 1,122,013 , 18.7 , 8.0 , 9 , 4 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Social Democratic Party (SPD) , 856,649 , 14.3 , 7.6 , 7 , 3 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left,

Free Democratic Party Free Democratic Party is the name of several political parties around the world. It usually designates a party ideologically based on liberalism. Current parties with that name include: *Free Democratic Party (Germany), a liberal political party in ...

(FDP) , 436,671 , 7.3 , 1.2 , 4 , 1 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left,

(AfD) , 427,155 , 7.1 , 1.5 , 3 , ±0 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, The Left (Die Linke) , 420,361 , 7.0 , 1.9 , 3 , 1 , - , , align=left, Karlsruher List (KAL) , 301,826 , 5.0 , 0.8 , 2 , ±0 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Die PARTEI (PARTEI) , 274,628 , 4.6 , 3.5 , 2 , 1 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Free Voters Baden-Württemberg (FW) , 193,764 , 3.2 , 0.5 , 2 , 1 , - , , align=left, For Karlsruhe (FÜR) , 163,214 , 2.7 , 0.5 , 1 , 1 , - ! colspan=2, Total ! 137,805 ! 100.0 ! ! 48 ! ±0 , - ! colspan=2, Electorate/voter turnout ! 234,850 ! 58.7 ! 13.5 ! ! , - , colspan=7, Source
City of Karlsruhe

Transport

Railway

The Verkehrsbetriebe Karlsruhe (VBK) operates the city's urban public transport network, comprising seven tram routes and a network of bus routes. All city areas can be reached round the clock by tram and a night bus system. The Turmbergbahn funicular railway, to the east of the city centre, is also operated by the VBK. Similar to a premetro tramlines operating in the city centre use two tramway tunnels that were completed on 11 December 2021. Durlacher Tor Kombilösung 3

The VBK is also a partner, with the

Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft ''Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft'' ('Alb Valley Transport Company', AVG) is a company owned by the city of Karlsruhe that operates rail and bus services in the Karlsruhe area, southwest Germany. It is a member of the '' Karlsruher Verkehrsverbu ...

and

Deutsche Bahn The (; abbreviated as DB or DB AG) is the national railway company of Germany. Headquartered in the Bahntower in Berlin, it is a joint-stock company ( AG). The Federal Republic of Germany is its single shareholder. describes itself as the se ...

, in the operation of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn, the rail system that serves a larger area around the city. This system makes it possible to reach other towns in the region, like Ettlingen, Wörth am Rhein, Pforzheim, Bad Wildbad, Bretten, Bruchsal,

Heilbronn Heilbronn () is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, surrounded by Heilbronn (district), Heilbronn District. With over 126,000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state. From the late Mid ...

, Baden-Baden, and even Freudenstadt in the Black Forest right from the city centre. The Stadtbahn is known for pioneering the concept of operating trams on train tracks, to achieve a more effective and attractive public transport system. Karlsruhe is connected via road and rail, with Autobahn and Intercity Express connections going to Frankfurt,

/ Munich and Freiburg/ Basel from

Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof is a railway station in the German city of Karlsruhe. The station is classified as a Category 1 station, as it is a major hub where several railways connect. History Old station When the Baden Mainline was built betwee ...

. Since June 2007 it has been connected to the TGV network, reducing travel time to Paris to three hours (previously it had taken five hours). The

Rhine Valley Railway ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , source ...

is also an important freight line. Freight trains can bypass Karlsuhe Hauptbahnhof via the

Karlsruhe freight bypass railway The Karlsruhe freight bypass railway german: Güterumgehungsbahn Karlsruhe is railway line reserved for freight only in the southeast of the city of Karlsruhe in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The freight rail bypass allows freight trai ...

Shipping

Two ports on the Rhine provide transport capacity on

cargo ship A cargo ship or freighter is a merchant ship that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year, handling the bulk of international trade. Cargo ships are usu ...

s, especially for petroleum products.

Airport

The nearest airport is part of the Baden Airpark (officially ''Flughafen Karlsruhe/ Baden-Baden'') about southwest of Karlsruhe, with regular connections to airports in Germany and Europe in general.

Frankfurt International Airport Frankfurt Airport (; german: link=no, Flughafen Frankfurt Main , also known as ''Rhein-Main-Flughafen'') is a major international airport located in Frankfurt, the fifth-largest city of Germany and one of the world's leading financial centres. ...

can be reached in about an hour and a half by car (one hour by Intercity Express);

can be reached in about one hour (about an hour and a half by train and S-Bahn).

Streets

Karlsruhe is at the Bundesautobahn 5 and the Bundesstraße 10. In the city there is a good bike lane infrastructure. Two interesting facts in transportation history are that both Karl Drais, the inventor of the bicycle, as well as Karl Benz, the inventor of the automobile were born in Karlsruhe. Benz was born in Mühlburg, which later became a borough of Karlsruhe (in 1886). Benz also studied at the Karlsruhe University. Benz's wife Bertha took the world's first long distance-drive with an automobile from Mannheim to Karlsruhe-Grötzingen and Pforzheim (see Bertha Benz Memorial Route). Their professional lives led both men to the neighboring city of Mannheim, where they first applied their most famous inventions. File:Duplex in Karlsruhe III.JPG, The

, the main station in Karlsruhe File:Karlsruhe tram 2017 3.jpg, alt=A tram in Karlsruhe 2017, A tram in Karlsruhe, 2017 File:Karlsruhe Sophienstr bei Waldstr.jpg, A bike street in Karlsruhe File:Südtangente Karlsruhe IMGP0787-crop.JPG, The Bundesstraße 10 in Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Leibgrenadierdenkmal

Jewish community

Jews settled in Karlsruhe soon after its founding.Karlsruhe (Carlsruhe)
(1906). ''The Jewish Encyclopedia''. Ed. Isidore Singer. Vol. 7. p. 448-449. They were attracted by the numerous privileges granted by its founder to settlers, without discrimination as to creed. Official documents attest the presence of several Jewish families at Karlsruhe in 1717. A year later the city council addressed to the margrave a report in which a question was raised as to the proportion of municipal charges to be borne by the newly arrived Jews, who in that year formed an organized congregation, with Rabbi Nathan Uri Kohen of Metz at its head. A document dated 1726 gives the names of twenty-four Jews who had taken part in an election of municipal officers. As the city grew, permission to settle there became less easily obtained by Jews, and the community developed more slowly. A 1752 Jewry ordinance stated Jews were forbidden to leave the city on Sundays and Christian holidays, or to go out of their houses during church services, but they were exempted from service by court summonses on Sabbaths. They could sell wine only in inns owned by Jews and graze their cattle, not on the commons, but on the wayside only. Nethanael Weill was a rabbi in Karlsruhe from 1750 until his death. In 1783, by a decree issued by Margrave

Charles Frederick of Baden Charles Frederick (22 November 1728 – 10 June 1811) was Margrave, Elector and later Grand Duke of Baden (initially only Margrave of Baden-Durlach) from 1738 until his death. Biography Born at Karlsruhe, he was the son of Hereditary Prince Frede ...

, the Jews ceased to be

serf Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which developed ...

s, and consequently could settle wherever they pleased. The same decree freed them from the ''Todfall'' tax, paid to the clergy for each Jewish burial. In commemoration of these changes special prayers were prepared by the acting rabbi Jedidiah Tiah Weill, who, succeeding his father in 1770, held the office until 1805. In 1808 the new constitution of what at that time, during the Napoleonic era, had become the

granted Jews citizenship status; a subsequent edict, in 1809, constitutionally acknowledged Jews as a religious group. Dubnow, Simon (1920). ''Die neueste Geschichte des Jüdischen Volkes (1789–1914)''. Translated from the Russian by Alexander Eliasberg
Vol. 1. Einleitung. Erste Abteilung: Das Zeitalter der ersten Emanzipation (1789–1815)
Berlin: Jüdischer Verlag. p. 288. The latter edict provided for a hierarchical organization of the Jewish communities of Baden, under the umbrella of a central council of Baden Jewry (Oberrat der Israeliten Badens), with its seat in Karlsruhe, and the appointment of a chief rabbi of Karlsruhe, as the spiritual head of the Jews in all of Baden. The first chief rabbi of Karlsruhe and Baden was Rabbi Asher Loew, who served from 1809 until his death in 1837. Complete emancipation was given in 1862, Jews were elected to city council and Baden parliament, and from 1890 were appointed judges. Jews were persecuted in the 'Hep-Hep' riots that occurred in 1819; and anti-Jewish demonstrations were held in 1843, 1848, and the 1880s. The well-known German-Israeli artist Leo Kahn studied in Karlsruhe before leaving for France and Israel in the 1920s and 1930s. Today, there are about 900 members in the Jewish community, many of whom are recent immigrants from Russia, and an orthodox rabbi. Karlsruhe has memorialized its Jewish community and notable pre-war synagogues with a memorial park. File:Juedischer Friedhof Groetzingen.jpg, Jewish cemetery of Grötzingen File:Karlsruhe Synagoge 1810.jpg, alt=Karlsruhe Synagogue, built by Friedrich Weinbrenner in 1798 (existed until 1871), The Karlsruhe Synagogue, built by Friedrich Weinbrenner in 1798 (existed until 1871) File:Karlsruhe Shoa.jpg, Holocaust memorial File:Karlsruhe Synagoge Luftbild.jpg, The new synagogue File:Chanukka Karlsruhe-2016 Mentrup-Mendelson.jpg, Public menorah on the ''Marktplatz''

Karlsruhe and the Shoah

On 28 October 1938, all Jewish men of Polish extraction were expelled to the Polish border, their families joining them later and most ultimately perishing in the ghettoes and concentration camps. On Kristallnacht (9–10 November 1938), the Adass Jeshurun synagogue was burned to the ground, the main synagogue was damaged, and Jewish men were taken to the Dachau concentration camp after being beaten and tormented. Deportations commenced on 22 October 1940, when 893 Jews were loaded onto trains for the three-day journey to the

in France. Another 387 were deported in from 1942 to 1945 to lzbica in the Lublin district (Poland), Theresienstadt, and Auschwitz. Of the 1,280 Jews deported directly from Karlsruhe, 1,175 perished. Another 138 perished after deportation from other German cities or occupied Europe. In all, 1,421 of Karlsruhe's Jews died during the Shoah. A new community was formed after the war by surviving former residents, with a new synagogue erected in 1971. It numbered 359 in 1980.

Historical population

Notable people

Anna Ettlinger Anna Ettlinger (16 November 1841 – 17 February 1934) was a German writer and poet. Biography Anna Ettlinger was born on 16 November 1841 in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Her father, Veit Ettlinger was a respected lawyer. Her family ...

(1841–1934), writer and poet * George Bayer, pioneer in the US state of Missouri * Karl Benz (1844–1929), mechanical engineer and inventor of the first automobile as well as the founder of Benz & Co., Daimler-Benz, and Mercedes-Benz (now part of Daimler AG). He was born in the Karlsruhe borough of Mühlburg and educated at Karlsruhe Grammar School, the Lyceum, and Poly-Technical University * Hermann Billing, Art Nouveau architect, was born and lived in Karlsruhe, where he built his first famous works * Siegfried Buback (1920–1977), then- Attorney General of Germany who fell victim to terrorists of the

Rote Armee Fraktion The Red Army Faction (RAF, ; , ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (, , active 1970–1998), was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970. The ...

in April 1977 in Karlsruhe *

Berthold von Deimling Berthold Karl Adolf von Deimling (21 March 1853, Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden – 3 February 1944) was a general officer of the German Army during World War I. Deimling entered the army in 1871, following the Franco-Prussian War, and after ...

(1853–1944), Prussian general * Karl Drais (1785–1851), inventor of the two-wheeler principle ( dandy horse) basic to bicycle and motorcycle, key typewriter, and earliest stenograph, was born and died in Karlsruhe * Theodor von Dusch (1824–1890), physician remembered for experiments involving cotton-wool filters for bacteria * Ludwig Eichrodt, writer * Erik H. Erikson (1902–1994), children's psychoanalyst and theoretical pioneer in the field of study of identity building, spent his childhood and school time (Bismarck-Gymnasium) in Karlsruhe. * Harry L. Ettlinger, US Army private who assisted the MFAA in the recovery of art looted by the Nazis. He was the last Jewish boy to celebrate his bar mitzvah in Karlsruhe's Kronenstrasse Synagogue, on September 24, 1938. * Clara Mathilda Faisst (1872–1948), pianist and composer * Hans Frank (1900–1946), Obergruppenführer SA, Gauleiter and governor-general of Nazi-occupied Poland; hanged at Nuremberg for his war crimes during World War II * Reinhold Frank (1896–1945), lawyer who worked for the

resistance Resistance may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Comics * Either of two similarly named but otherwise unrelated comic book series, both published by Wildstorm: ** ''Resistance'' (comics), based on the video game of the same title ** ''T ...

in Nazi Germany, ran a law practice in Karlsruhe; in his honour the street in Karlsruhe where the lawyer's chambers were founded bears his name * Gottfried Fuchs (1889–1972), German-Canadian Olympic soccer player *

Karoline von Günderrode Karoline Friederike Louise Maximiliane von Günderrode (11 February 1780 – 26 July 1806) was a German Romantic poet. She used the pen name Tian. Life Günderrode was born as the eldest of six children to and Louise Sophie Victorine Auguste. ...

, poet, was born in Karlsruhe (1780–1806) * Johann Peter Hebel, writer and poet, lived in Karlsruhe for most of his life *

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz ( ; ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. The unit o ...

, discovered electromagnetic waves at the University of Karlsruhe in the late 1880s. A lecture room named after Hertz lies close to the very spot where the discovery was made. *

Julius Hirsch Julius Hirsch (7 April 1892 – declared dead 8 May 1945) was a Jewish German Olympian international footballer who was murdered by the Nazis in Auschwitz concentration camp during the Holocaust. He helped Karlsruher FV win the 1910 German foot ...

(1892–1945), Olympian soccer player and first Jewish member of the national team, two-time Germany team champion, awarded the Iron Cross during World War I, murdered in

Auschwitz concentration camp Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...

* Friedrich Hund, physicist of the pioneering generation of quantum mechanics (see

Hund's rules In atomic physics, Hund's rules refers to a set of rules that German physicist Friedrich Hund formulated around 1927, which are used to determine the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi- electron atom. The first rule is ...

); was born here * Hedwig Kettler (1851–1937), founded the first German ''Mädchengymnasium'' (girls' high school), located in Karlsruhe * Willibald von Langermann und Erlencamp (1892–1942), general * Bernd Längin (1941–2008), journalist and author * Gustav Landauer (1870–1919), theorist of

anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not necessa ...

in Germany, was born in Karlsruhe *

Kolja Lessing Kolja Lessing (born 15 October 1961) is a German violinist, pianist, composer and academic teacher. His focus as a soloist and chamber musician has been the neglected repertoire by composers who were ostracised under the Nazi regime. His recordin ...

(born 1961), German violinist, pianist, composer and academic teacher * Markus Lüpertz worked and lives in Karlsruhe; he created the ''Narrenbrunnen'' (Fool's Fountain) in the city center * Composer Wolfgang Rihm is a resident of Karlsruhe. * In 1886, Joseph Viktor von Scheffel, poet and novelist, was born in Karlsruhe. * Peter Sloterdijk (born 1947), German philosopher. * Rahel Straus (1880–1963), German-Jewish medical doctor and feminist * Johann Gottfried Tulla (1770–?), instrumental in stabilizing and straightening the course of the southern Rhine; a co-founder of the

Karlsruhe University The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; german: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie) is a public research university in Karlsruhe, Germany. The institute is a national research center of the Helmholtz Association. KIT was created in ...

(1825) * Victoria of Baden (1862–1930), born in Karlsruhe, queen consort of Sweden by her marriage to King Gustaf V of Sweden * Friedrich Weinbrenner (1766–1826), architect of neoclassicism; his tomb is situated in the main Protestant church in Karlsruhe. * Thomas Ernst Josef Wiedemann (1950–2001), German-British historian, born in Karlsruhe * Richard Willstätter, recipient of 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry *

Sina Deinert Now United (sometimes abbreviated as NU) is a global pop group, formed in Los Angeles in 2017 by '' Idols'' creator Simon Fuller. Originally, the group was consisted of 14 members from 14 countries; but as of 2022, the group consist of 19 membe ...

, a member of Now United * Dennis Aogo (born 1987), football defender * Christa Bauch, female bodybuilder *

Walther Bensemann Walther Bensemann (13 January 1873 – 12 November 1934) was a German pioneer of football and founder of the country's major sports publication, ''Kicker''. Bensemann was born in Berlin, Brandenburg, as the son of a Jewish banker. During his time ...

, one of the founders of the first southern German soccer club Karlsruher FV and later one of the founders of DFB and the founder of '' Kicker'', Germany's leading soccer magazine * Oliver Bierhoff (born 1968), retired football striker and former national team captain for the Germany and Italian Serie A clubs Udinese, A.C. Milan and Chievo; currently working as the German national team manager *

Andi Deris Andreas "Andi" Deris (born 18 August 1964) is a German singer, best known as the lead vocalist of the power metal band Helloween, and co-founder and former lead singer of the metal band Pink Cream 69. Singing style Deris has a high baritone ...

(born 1964), musician and songwriter, lead singer of the power metal band Helloween * Karl Elzer, stage and film actor * Gottfried Fuchs (1889–1972), was born in Karlsruhe and holds the record of ten goals in one single international soccer match for the German national team * Regina Halmich (born 1976), retired female boxing flyweight world champion * Vincenzo Italiano (born 1977), Italian footballer currently plays for

Calcio Padova Calcio Padova, commonly referred to as Padova, is an Football in Italy, Italian football club based in Padua, Veneto. Founded in 1910, Padova currently play in , having last been in Serie A in 1996. The team's official colours are white and red. ...

* Nora Krug (born 1977), German-American writer * Sead Kolašinac (born 1993), Bosnian footballer who plays as a left back for Arsenal FC * Oliver Kahn (born 1969), retired goalkeeper of Karlsruher SC,

Bayern Munich Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V. (FCB, ), also known as FC Bayern (), Bayern Munich, or simply Bayern, is a German professional sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional men's football team, which pla ...

and Germany *

Sebastian Koch Sebastian Koch (born 31 May 1962) is a German television and film actor. He is known for roles in the 2007 Academy Award-winning film '' The Lives of Others'', in Steven Spielberg's '' Bridge of Spies'', and as Otto Düring in the fifth season o ...

(born 1962), actor * Renate Lingor (born 1975), former national football player * Pietro Lombardi (born 1992), singer *

Dirk Jens Nonnenmacher Dirk Jens Nonnenmacher (born 3 June 1963) was the CEO and chairman of HSH Nordbank. A trained mathematician, Nonnenmacher worked for several private banks before joining HSH Nordbank in 2007. He became chairman in November 2008, succeeding and l ...

(born 1963), CEO and bank chairman * Mehmet Scholl (born 1970), retired footballer for Karlsruher SC, later

and the German national team *

Susanne Stichler Susanne Stichler (born 17 August 1969 in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg) is a German journalist and newscaster. Life She studied educational science at the University of Tübingen and worked as a trainee for a local radio station "Neckar-Alb R ...

(born 1969), journalist and television presenter *

Muhammed Suiçmez Necrophagist was a German technical death metal band founded and fronted by guitarist and vocalist Muhammed Suiçmez. The band used baroque music-influenced compositions paired with extreme metal drumming. The name originates from the Greek ro ...

(born 1975), Turkish guitarist and composer for German technical death metal band Necrophagist *

Eugene Weingand Eugene Weingand (1 April 1934 – 30 November 1986) was an American actor, misleadingly known and credited as Peter Lorre Jr. Biography Weingand was born in Karlsruhe, Germany as Eugen Weingand and immigrated to the US at age of 20. Because ...

(1934–1986), actor and television host who claimed to be Peter Lorre Jr. * Moon Ga-young (born 1996), South Korean actress *

Dennis Marschall Dennis Marschall (born 15 August 1996) is a German racing driver who currently competes in the ADAC GT Masters. Career Early career Marschall began his racing career in karting at the age of 11, competing until 2013. He spent most of his karting ...

(born 1996), racing driver

Education

Karlsruhe is a renowned research and study centre, with one of Germany's finest institutions of higher education.

Technology, engineering, and business

The

(''Universität Karlsruhe-TH''), the oldest technical university in Germany, is home to the '' Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe'' (Karlsruhe Research Center), where engineering and scientific research is performed in the areas of health, earth, and environmental sciences. The Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (''Hochschule Karlsruhe-HS'') is the largest university of technology in the state of Baden-Württemberg, offering both professional and academic education in engineering sciences and business. In 2009, the University of Karlsruhe joined the '' Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe'' to form the

(KIT).

The arts

The Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe is one of the smallest universities in Germany, with average 300 students. The Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design (HfG) was founded to the same time as its sister institution, the Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe ('' Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie''). The HfG teaching and research focuses on new media and media art. The Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe is a music conservatory that offers degrees in composition, music performance, education, and radio journalism. Since 1989 it has been located in the Gottesaue Palace.

International education

The

Karlshochschule International University Karlshochschule International University is a state approved non-profit private foundation university based in Karlsruhe. It focuses with an inter- and transdisciplinary approach on critical management studies, cultural studies and social and po ...

(formerly known as ''Merkur Internationale Fachhochschule'') was founded in 2004. As a foundation-owned, state-approved management school, Karlshochschule offers undergraduate education in both German and English, focusing on international and intercultural management, as well as service- and culture-related industries. Furthermore, an international consecutive Master of Arts in leadership studies is offered in English.

European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)

Karlsruhe hosts one of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology's Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs) focusing on

sustainable energy Energy is sustainable if it "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". Most definitions of sustainable energy include considerations of environmental aspects such as greenh ...

. Other co‑centres are based in Grenoble, France (CC Alps Valleys);

Eindhoven Eindhoven () is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the southern province of North Brabant of which it is its largest. With a population of 238,326 on 1 January 2022,Leuven Leuven (, ) or Louvain (, , ; german: link=no, Löwen ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the historic ...

, Belgium (CC Benelux); Barcelona, Spain (CC Iberia); Kraków, Poland (CC PolandPlus); and

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

, Sweden (CC Sweden).

University of Education

The

Karlsruhe University of Education Karlsruhe University of Education () is an institution of higher education in Karlsruhe, Germany. Its focus is on educational processes in social, institutional and cultural contexts. It has approximately 3,742 students, 180 researchers and lect ...

was founded in 1962. It is specialized in educational processes. The university has about 3700 students and 180 full-time researchers and lecturers. It offers a wide range of educational studies, like teaching profession for primary and secondary schools (both optional with a European Teaching Certificate profile), Bachelor programs that specializes in Early Childhood Education and in Health and Leisure Education, Master programs in Educational Science, Intercultural Education, Migration and Multilingualism. Furthermore, the University of Education Karlsruhe offers a Master program for Biodiversity and Environmental Education.

Culture

In 1999 the ZKM (''Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie'', Centre for Art and Media) was opened. Linking new media theory and practice, the ZKM is located in a former weapons factory. Among the institutes related to the ZKM are the ''

Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung The Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design (HfG) is a state art college founded in 1992 in Karlsruhe. It focuses on media art, communication design , product design , exhibition design and scenography, art research and media philosophy with ...

'' (State University of Design), whose president is philosopher Peter Sloterdijk and the Museum for Contemporary Art.

Twin towns – sister cities

Karlsruhe is

twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...

with: * Nancy, France (1955) * Nottingham, England, United Kingdom (1969) *

Halle Halle may refer to: Places Germany * Halle (Saale), also called Halle an der Saale, a city in Saxony-Anhalt ** Halle (region), a former administrative region in Saxony-Anhalt ** Bezirk Halle, a former administrative division of East Germany ** Hall ...

, Germany (1987) * Krasnodar, Russia (1997) * Timișoara, Romania (1997) * Vinnytsia, Ukraine (2022)

Partnerships

Karlsruhe also cooperates with: *

Oulu Oulu ( , ; sv, Uleåborg ) is a city, municipality and a seaside resort of about 210,000 inhabitants in the region of North Ostrobothnia, Finland. It is the most populous city in northern Finland and the fifth most populous in the country after: ...

, Finland

Legacy

* Ukrainian village Stepove near the city of Mykolaiv in

southern Ukraine Southern Ukraine ( uk, південна Україна, translit=pivdenna Ukrayina) or south Ukraine refers, generally, to the oblasts in the south of Ukraine. The territory usually corresponds with the Soviet economical district, the Southern E ...

was established by German colonists as Karlsruhe.

Events

Every year in July there is a large open-air festival lasting three days called simply '' Das Fest'' ("The Festival"). The Baden State Theatre has sponsored the Händel Festival since 1978. The city hosted the 23rd and 31st European Juggling Conventions (EJC) in 2000 and 2008. In July the African Summer Festival is held in the city's Nordstadt. Markets, drumming workshops, exhibitions, a varied children's programme, and musical performances take place during the three days festival. In the past Karlsruhe has been the host of LinuxTag (the biggest Linux event in Europe) and until 2006 hosted the annual Linux Audio Conference. Visitors and locals watched the total

solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...

at noon on August 11, 1999. The city was not only located within the eclipse path but was one of the few within Germany not plagued by bad weather.

Sport

; Football: Karlsruher SC (KSC), DFB (2. Liga) ; Basketball:

PS Karlsruhe Lions PS Karlsruhe Lions is a German professional basketball team located in Karlsruhe. The team competes in Germany's ProA league, the country's second division. In 2017, the team promoted from the third tier ProB to the second tier.Basketball-Pro-Liga A Proas are various types of multi-hull outrigger sailboats of the Austronesian peoples. The terms were used for native Austronesian ships in European records during the Colonial era indiscriminately, and thus can confusingly refer to the ...

(second division) Karlsruhe co-hosted the FIBA EuroBasket 1985. ; Tennis: TC Rueppurr (TCR), ennis-Bundesliga(women's first division) ; Lacrosse: KIT SC Karlsruhe Storm, 1. Bundesliga Süd ; Baseball, softball: Karlsruhe Cougars, Regional League South-East (men's baseball), 1st Bundesliga South (women's softball I) and State League South (women's softball II) ; American football: Badener Greifs, currently competing in the Regional League Central but formerly a member of the German Football League's 1st Bundesliga, lost to the Berlin Adler in the 1987 German Bowl (see also: German Football League) Karlsruhe Schloss Panorama1 meph666 Okt 2006

Karlsruhe Schloss Panorama1 meph666 Okt 2006

Notes

References

External links

*
Map of Karlsruhe
* City wiki of Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart
{{Authority control 1715 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire Capitals of former nations Cities in Baden-Württemberg Baden Holocaust locations in Germany Karlsruhe (region) Planned capitals Populated places established in 1715 Populated places on the Rhine