; tl, Lalawigan ng Kalinga) , native_name = , other_name = , settlement_type = , image_skyline = , image_caption = (from top: left to right) Bum-bag Rice Terraces, Pasil Valley, Lubuagan Mountains, Mount Manting-oy, Mount Binuluan and Tabuk City Hall. , image_flag = PH-KAL Flag.png , flag_size = 100x80px , image_seal = , seal_size = 100x80px , image_map = , map_caption = Location in the Philippines , coordinates = , subdivision_type =

Country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, whil ...

, subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 =

Region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...

, subdivision_name1 = , established_title =

Founded Founding may refer to: * The formation of a corporation, government, or other organization * The laying of a building's Foundation * The casting of materials in a mold See also * Foundation (disambiguation) * Incorporation (disambiguation) In ...

, established_date = May 8, 1995 , seat_type = Capital
, seat = Tabuk , leader_party = , leader_title =

Governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

, leader_name = James S. Edduba ( Lakas) , leader_title1 = Vice Governor , leader_name1 = Jocel C. Baac (

Aksyon Aksyon may refer to *Aksyon Demokratiko, a Philippine political party * ''Aksyon'' (TV program), a 2010–2020 Philippine news program *AksyonTV Aksyon TV () was a Philippine free-to-air television network. It was a joint venture of Nation Bro ...

) , leader_title2 =

Legislature A legislature is an deliberative assembly, assembly with the authority to make laws for a Polity, political entity such as a Sovereign state, country or city. They are often contrasted with the Executive (government), executive and Judiciary, ...

, leader_name2 =

Kalinga Provincial Board The Kalinga Provincial Board is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Kalinga. The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting: the province is divided into two districts, each having four seat ...

, area_footnotes = , area_total_km2 = , area_rank = 41st out of 81 , elevation_max_m = 2,617 , elevation_max_point = Mount Alchan , population_footnotes = , population_total = , population_as_of = , population_est = 220,329 , pop_est_as_of = 2020 , population_rank = 71st out of 81 , population_density_km2 = auto , population_density_rank = 78th out of 81 , demographics_type1 = Divisions , demographics1_title1 = Independent cities , demographics1_info1 = 0 , demographics1_title2 = Component cities , demographics1_info2 = , demographics1_title3 =

Municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...

, demographics1_info3 = , demographics1_title4 =

Barangay A barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as barrio (abbreviated as Bo.), is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward. In metropolit ...

s , demographics1_info4 = 153 , demographics1_title5 =

Districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...

, demographics1_info5 = Legislative district of Kalinga , timezone = PHT , utc_offset = +8 , postal_code_type = ZIP code , postal_code = , area_code_type = , area_code = , iso_code = , blank_name_sec1 = Spoken languages , blank_info_sec1 = , website = , short_description = Province of the Philippines , image_map1 = Kalinga (), officially the Province of Kalinga (), is a landlocked

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outsi ...

in the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

situated within the

Cordillera Administrative Region The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...

Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, ...

. Its capital is Tabuk and borders

Mountain Province Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as ''Mountain'' in some foreign references. The name is usually shor ...

to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east,

Cagayan Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan ( ilo, Probinsia ti Cagayan; ibg, Provinsiya na Cagayan; itv, Provinsiya ya Cagayan; fil, Lalawigan ng Cagayan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region, covering ...

to the northeast, and Apayao to the north. Kalinga and Apayao are the result of the 1995 partitioning of the former province of Kalinga-Apayao which was seen to better service the respective needs of the various indigenous peoples in the area. Unbeknownst to many, President

Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is the youngest president of the Philippines (1899–1901) and is recognized as the first president of the Philippin ...

proclaimed Lubuagan town the

seat of government The seat of government is (as defined by ''Brewer's Politics'') "the building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority". In most countries, the nation’s capital is also seat of its government, thus tha ...

for 73 days from 6 March 1900 to 18 May 1900 before finally fleeing to Palanan.

History

Kalinga was taken from

and Isabela provinces and established by the Americans through '' Philippine Commission Act No. 1642'' on May 9, 1907 as a sub-province of Lepanto-Bontoc. Kalinga was later organized as one of the sub-provinces of

, created by ''Act No. 1876''. In the early years, the subprovince underwent series of territorial changes. Part of Kalinga was transferred to another sub-province Bontoc through ''

Executive Order In the United States, an executive order is a directive by the president of the United States that manages operations of the federal government. The legal or constitutional basis for executive orders has multiple sources. Article Two of ...

No. 53'' in 1914. In the municipal district of

Pinukpuk Pinukpuk, officially the Municipality of Pinukpuk is a 1st class municipality in the province of Kalinga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 34,275 people. It is in the northern part of Kalinga province, which is a ...

, barrios were moved to

Balbalan Balbalan, officially the Municipality of Balbalan is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Kalinga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,914 people. History ote: The historical note is taken from an article ...

in 1926; as well as parts of it to

Conner Conner or Conners may refer to: Fictional characters * Ratonhnaké꞉ton, Conner, the protagonist of ''Assassin's Creed III'' * Conner (Titans character), Conner (''Titans'' character) Media * ''The Conners'', an American TV series, spin-off ...

in Apayao in 1927. Kalinga was became part of a province along with Apayao when the old Mountain Province was divided into four separate provinces through ''

Republic Act This article contains a partial list of Philippine laws. Sources of Philippine laws ;Notes : *Customs may be considered as supplementary source of law, however, customs which are contrary to law, public order or public policy shall not be ...

No. 4695'' in 1966 and, with Abra, became part of the territories in the

which was created through ''Executive Order No. 220'' in 1987. Kalinga was converted into a province in 1995 by virtue of ''RA No. 7878'' when majority of the voters in ''Kalinga-Apayao'' approved in a plebiscite the division of the province into two.

Etymology

The province's name is derived from the Ibanag and Gaddang noun "kalinga", which means "enemy", "fighter", or "headtaker".

Geography

Kalinga covers a total area of occupying the central section of the

. The province is bordered by

to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east,

to the northeast, and Apayao to the north. Large swaths of the province's lowlands are open

grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush ( Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur natur ...

suitable for pasture, while the highlands have extensive areas of

tropical rainforest Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as ''lowland equatori ...

. In higher elevations to the west, particularly in the mountains of

, lie some of the most intact pine forests of

Luzon island Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...

. Rizal and Tabuk with their flatlands are the biggest rice producers. Next in rice production are the mountainous area, and of note are the

rice Rice is the seed of the grass species '' Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly '' Oryza glaberrima'' (African rice). The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera '' Zizania'' and ''Porteresia'', both wild and domestica ...

terraces of Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pasil,

, Tinglayan, and

Tanudan Tanudan, officially the Municipality of Tanudan is a 4th class municipality in the province of Kalinga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 8,746 people. The town is known for ''Mount Binaratan''. Legend tells that t ...

Climate

Hydrology

The province is drained mainly by the Chico River, with its

headwaters The headwaters of a river or stream is the farthest place in that river or stream from its estuary or downstream confluence with another river, as measured along the course of the river. It is also known as a river's source. Definition Th ...

in the

and emptying into the Cagayan River. The Chico River has several tributaries: Bunog River in Tinglayan in the south; the

and Biga Rivers in the east;

Pasil River Pasil is a 5th class municipality in the southwestern part of the Kalinga. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of Balbalan, on the south by the municipality of Tinglayan, on the east by Tabuk city, and on the west by the province of Abr ...

in the central area; and Poswoy, Dao-angan, Mabaca and Saltan Rivers in the west. Several small lakes can also be found in Kalinga.

Administrative divisions

Kalinga comprises one component city and seven

municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...

, all encompassed by a single legislative district. Tabuk was proclaimed a component city in 2007, but in November 2008 the

Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court ( fil, Kataas-taasang Hukuman; colloquially referred to as the ''Korte Suprema'' lso used in formal writing is the highest court in the Philippines. The Supreme Court was established by the Second Philippine Commission on J ...

ruled that its cityhood was unconstitutional. However, Tabuk had its city status reinstated by the Supreme Court on December 22, 2009. Ph fil kalinga

Barangays

The seven municipalities and one component city of the province comprise 152

barangay A barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as barrio (abbreviated as Bo.), is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward. In metropolit ...

s, with ''Bulanao'' in Tabuk City as the most populous in 2010, and ''Anggacan Sur'' in

as the least. If the City of Tabuk is excluded, ''Pinukpuk Junction'' in

municipality has the highest population.

Demographics

The population of Kalinga in the 2020 census was 229,570 people, with a density of . On the 2000 census survey, Kalinga people comprised of the total provincial population of 173,638.

Ilocanos The Ilocanos ( ilo, Tattao nga Iloko/), Ilokanos, or Iloko people are the third largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group and mostly reside within the Ilocos Region in the northwestern seaboard of Luzon, Philippines. The native language of the Ilo ...

came in second at , while other ethnic groups in the province were the Kankanaey at , Bontoc at ,

Tagalog Tagalog may refer to: Language * Tagalog language, a language spoken in the Philippines ** Old Tagalog, an archaic form of the language ** Batangas Tagalog, a dialect of the language * Tagalog script, the writing system historically used for Tagal ...

at and

Applai The Kankanaey people are an Indigenous peoples of the Northern Philippines. They are part of the collective group of indigenous people known as the Igorot people. Demographics The Kankanaey live in western Mountain Province, northern Benguet, ...

at . The primary language spoken is Kalinga, including its dialects of Balangao, Butbut, Limos, Lower Tanudan, Lubuagan, Mabaka, Madukayang, Southern Kalingan, and Upper Tanudan. Gaddang, as well as Ilocano,

, and English are also spoken in as '' lingua francas'' with varying degrees of proficiency.

Economy

Culture

There are many sub-

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

in the province. The strong sense of tribal membership and filial loyalty results in frequent tribal unrest and occasional outright war. Due to the mountainous terrain and warrior-culture of the people, the Kalinga were able to preserve their culture despite centuries of occupation in the lowlands by the Spaniards,

Americans Americans are the citizens and nationals of the United States of America.; ; Although direct citizens and nationals make up the majority of Americans, many dual citizens, expatriates, and permanent residents could also legally claim Amer ...

, and the Japanese. On February 22, 2019, the Department of Tourism announced the bid of ''Digdiga Ni Tupayya'', a Kalinga courtship dance, to be included in the

UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance.Compare: This list is published by the Intergove ...

Historic figures

* Macli-ing Dulag - a Kalinga warrior and leader (''pangat'') who opposed the Chico River Dam Project. Murdered by military personnel under the command of dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Dulag's death is remembered as one of the two occasions for the declaration of Cordillera Day in the entire

. His name has been inscribed in the heroes' marker in

Quezon City Quezon City (, ; fil, Lungsod Quezon ), also known as the City of Quezon and Q.C. (read in Filipino as Kyusi), is the most populous city in the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 2,960,048 people. It was foun ...

. * Conrado Balweg - a former Filipino Catholic priest and rebel who was the founder of the Cordillera People's Liberation Army, a militant group which advocated autonomy for the Cordillera region in the Philippines. He was also known by the nom-de-guerre Ka Ambo. * Whang-od - a Kalinga master tattooist (''mambabatok'') and recipient of the prestigious ''Dangal ng Haraya'' Award. *

Alonzo Saclag Alonzo Saclag is a Filipino musician and dancer who is a recipient of the National Living Treasures Award. Background Alonzo Saclag was born on August 4, 1942. A member of the Kalinga people and a native of Lubuagan, Kalinga province, Saclag ...

- Awarded as a National Living Treasure for his efforts to preserve the culture of Kalinga through performing arts.

References

External links

* * {{Authority control Provinces of the Philippines States and territories established in 1995 1995 establishments in the Philippines Former sub-provinces of the Philippines