The Kai Tak Development (), abbreviated as "KTD" and formerly called South East Kowloon Development (), refers to the redevelopment of the former

Kai Tak Airport Kai Tak Airport was the international airport of Hong Kong from 1925 until 1998. Officially known as Hong Kong International Airport from 1954 to 6 July 1998, it is often referred to as Hong Kong International Airport, Kai Tak, or simply Ka ...

site in Kai Tak, Kowloon, Hong Kong. After the airport relocated to

Chek Lap Kok Chek Lap Kok is an island in the western waters of Hong Kong's New Territories. Unlike the smaller Lam Chau, it was only partially leveled when it was assimilated via land reclamation into the island for the current Hong Kong International ...

in 1998, the Hong Kong government planned for urban development on the old airport site. The plan calls for a multi-purpose sports complex, a metro park, the

Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Kai Tak Cruise Terminal is a cruise ship terminal on the former Kai Tak Airport runway in Hong Kong. Its completion date was delayed into 2013 due to re-tendering. Following an international competition, Foster + Partners was chosen to d ...

, a hotel, a housing estate, and commercial and entertainment construction projects over an area of more than . The plan also covered nearby development in areas including

Ma Tau Wai Ma Tau Wai (, originally , historically ) is an area in the Kowloon City District, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was originally a walled village (Cantonese: ''Wai'') between present-day Argyle Street and Prince Edward Road West, east of present-day ...

Kowloon City Kowloon City is an neighbourhood, area in New Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is part of Kowloon City District. Compared with the council area of Kowloon City District, the Kowloon City area is History As early as in the Qin dynasty (221 BCE ...

San Po Kong San Po Kong () is an area in New Kowloon in Hong Kong. It is largely industrial and partly residential. Administratively, it belongs to Wong Tai Sin District. Location San Po Kong is located south of Wong Tai Sin and Diamond Hill, north of th ...

Kowloon Bay Kowloon Bay is a body of water within Victoria Harbour and an area within Kowloon, Hong Kong. The bay is located at the east of the Kowloon Peninsula and north of Hong Kong Island. It is the eastern portion of Victoria Harbour, between ...

and

Kwun Tong Kwun Tong is an area in the Kwun Tong District of Hong Kong, situated at the eastern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, and its boundary stretches from Lion Rock in the north to Lei Yue Mun in the south, and from the winding paths of Kowloon ...

. The planned population is 86,000 people, accommodated in 30,000 housing units, including 13,000 constructed as part of

public housing estates Public housing is a form of housing tenure in which the property is usually owned by a government authorities, government authority, either central or local. Although the common goal of public housing is to provide affordable housing, the d ...

. The total gross floor area is over with over of open space. The total cost for the development is about HK$100 billion. After several years of planning and discussion, and the decision of a judicial review on

Central and Wan Chai Reclamation Central and Wan Chai Reclamation is a project launched by the government of Hong Kong since the 1990s to reclaim land for different purposes. This includes transportation improvements such as the Hong Kong MTR station, Airport Express Railway ...

, the Hong Kong government restarted KTD review and planning in 2004. The Executive Council passed the revised development plan and restarted the project. According to the development plan, the first stage projects finished in or before 2013. The second stage projects will be finished in or before 2016 and the final stage projects will be completed in or before 2021.

History

1980s

The Hong Kong colonial government commissioned the "Study on Harbour Reclamations and Urban Growth" () in October 1983. It was a study for a proposed plan to address the urban development of Hong Kong. The government worked on the "Metroplan Selected Strategy" study () between 1987 and 1990. Its purpose was to provide a wide-ranging plan for

urban renewal Urban renewal (also called urban regeneration in the United Kingdom and urban redevelopment in the United States) is a program of land redevelopment often used to address urban decay in cities. Urban renewal involves the clearing out of blighte ...

-focused land-use, transport and environmental planning. The studied areas included

West Kowloon West Kowloon () is the western part of Kowloon Peninsula in Hong Kong, situated within the Yau Tsim Mong District and Sham Shui Po District. It is bounded by Canton Road to the east, Victoria Harbour to the west and the south, and Jorda ...

Kai Tak Kai Tak Airport was the international airport of Hong Kong from 1925 until 1998. Officially known as Hong Kong International Airport from 1954 to 6 July 1998, it is often referred to as Hong Kong International Airport, Kai Tak, or simply Ka ...

and other regions. The study was passed by the Executive Council on 17September 1991. Afterwards, related government departments implemented the strategy according to the study.

1990s

In 1998, the Planning Department undertook several studies on East Kowloon development. After several modifications, the land reclamation plan and the population plan were altered considerably.

South East Kowloon Development Statement (June 1992-1993) ()

This plan proposed the development of Kai Tak as a "City Within a City", covering , including of reclaimed land. It proposed land development for residential, commercial and industrial use. The designated population of this

new town New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created. New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz Albums and EPs * ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 * ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, ...

was around 285,000. The development would also include a park and a promenade. The proposed development included two MTR connections, with

Diamond Hill Diamond Hill is a hill in the east of Kowloon, Hong Kong. The name also refers to the area on or adjacent to the hill. It is surrounded by Ngau Chi Wan, San Po Kong, Wong Tai Sin and Tsz Wan Shan. Its northeast is limited by the ridge. It is pr ...

and

.Stage 1 Public ConsultationCommunity’s Vision For Kai Tak
, Kai Tak Planning Review, Planning Department

Feasibility Study for South East Kowloon Development (September 1995-1998) ()

The study refocused the development as a "City Within a City" with territorial facilities. The site area and reclamation provisions remained the same as in the previous proposal. However, the designated population rose to 320,000 while the metropark was expanded to . It was also the first plan to propose leisure facilities, such as a multi-purpose sports complex and aviation museum. Other facilities, including a hospital, rail yard, and post office were proposed. The MTR provisions were replaced by the

Sha Tin to Central Link The Sha Tin to Central Link (abbreviated SCL; ) is an extension of the MTR rapid transit network. It is divided into two sections. The first section, named "Tuen Ma line (Phase 1)”, runs from Tai Wai station in the New Territories to Hung ...

2000s

Comprehensive Feasibility Study for the Revised Scheme of South East Kowloon Development (November 1999-2003) ()

The study re-designated the Kai Tak Development as an "Environmentally Friendly City". In response to opinions on land reclamation, the authority reduced the reclamation area to while the overall site area declined to . The new designated population is 26,0000. The metropark was to shrink to but the promenade would be extended to . It also first proposed a

cruise terminal A passenger terminal is a structure in a port which services passengers boarding and leaving water vessels such as ferries, cruise ships and ocean liners. Depending on the types of vessels serviced by the terminal, it may be named (for example) ...

. The MTR-centric strategy continued in the study, with the new

Environmentally Friendly Linkage System The Environmentally Friendly Linkage System (), abbreviated to EFLS and commonly called the Kai Tak Monorail (), was a government-proposed monorail system to be located in the Kai Tak Development area of Hong Kong with 12 stations. The system ...

proposal. In June 2002, the Executive Council of Hong Kong approved Outline Zoning Plans (S/K19/3 and S/K21/3) for Kai Tak (North) and Kai Tak (South). Major development projects included the MTR

depot on the original airport site, a multi-use stadium, a metro park, the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal with helicopter landing site at the end of former runway, and the

Central Kowloon Route The Central Kowloon Route (CKR) is a highway project under construction in Kowloon, Hong Kong. When completed in 2025, it will form the section of the planned Route 6 which runs through the Kowloon Peninsula, largely underground. The three-lane du ...

. A new road: Trunk Road T2, paralleling the

Kwun Tong Bypass The Kwun Tong Bypass (also spelt Kwun Tong By-pass) is an elevated expressway between Lam Tin and Kowloon Bay in Kwun Tong District, Kowloon East, Hong Kong, with three lanes in each direction and a posted speed limit of . It is part of Route ...

, will be built within the development area, allowing traffic to go directly to

Tseung Kwan O Tseung Kwan O New Town is one of the nine new towns in Hong Kong, built mainly on reclaimed land in the northern half of Junk Bay (known as Tseung Kwan O in Chinese/Cantonese language) in southeastern New Territories, after which it is named. ...

through the Tseung Kwan O - Lam Tin Tunnel. However, on 27 February 2003, the non-government organisation

Society for Protection of the Harbour Society for Protection of the Harbour (SPH) () is a Hong-Kong-based organisation founded in November 1995. It is a charitable, non-political and non-profit making green group. The objectives of the organisation are to protect the Victoria Harbo ...

applied for Judicial Review against the Town Planning Board. The Society believed that the Wan Chai Development Phase II would violate the

Protection of the Harbour Ordinance The Protection of the Harbour Ordinance, Cap. 531 () is an ordinance in Hong Kong Law that aims to limit land reclamation in the surviving waters of Victoria Harbour. Content In section 3, the ordinance states that: *"The harbour is to be pro ...

. The High Court's final judgement is against the Town Planning Board. The reclamation plan was suspended. The High Court's judgement raised three tests had to be satisfied for reclamation: #there had to be a compelling, overriding and present public need which clearly outweighed the public need to protect the harbour; #there had to be no other alternative to implement the undertaking for which it was proposed, and #that any invasion of the harbour should be restricted to the minimum impairment necessary to implement the undertaking. This judgement affected the reclamation plan within Kai Tak Development. In order to satisfy the three tests, the new Harbour-front Enhancement Committee was established for consultation on the reclamation in Wan Chai and Kai Tak. The committee, led by chairman Lee Chack-fan, was organised by six government officials and twenty-three members from different professional organisations, environmental organisations, harbour protection organisations and business merchants.

Kai Tak Planning Review (July 2004-2006) ()

Due to the High Court judgement, the Planning Department began the Kai Tak Planning Review with "no reclamation" as its principle. This was the final plan.

Proposed development timeline

Kai Ching Estate and Tak Long Estate 2017

The first stage infrastructure projects are mostly completed and open. These are the first stage projects:Civil Engineering and Development Department:Kai Tak Development
/ref> *

Trade and Industry Tower Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchan ...

(completed 2015) * Kai Tak Fire Station (completed) *

building and first berth (completed) *

Kwun Tong Promenade Kwun Tong Promenade is an urban waterfront park in Kwun Tong, New Kowloon, Hong Kong. The first and second stages of the promenade, opened in 2010 and 2015 respectively, comprise the first open space project of the Kai Tak Development. The prom ...

(completed) * Kai Tak Runway Park (completed) *District Cooling System (first phase) (completed) *

Kai Ching Estate Kai Ching Estate () is a public housing estate in a brownfield development area in Hong Kong of the disused Kai Tak Airport. It consists of six residential buildings completed in 2013. It houses around 5,200 flats for 13,300 residents and shar ...

Tak Long Estate Tak or TAK may refer to: Places * Dağdöşü or Tak, Azerbaijan, a village * Taq, Iran or Tak, a village * Tak province, Thailand ** Tak, Thailand, capital of the province Entertainment *''Total Annihilation: Kingdoms'' or ''TA:K'' * Tak, ti ...

The second stage infrastructure projects were expected to completed after 2016. These are the second stage projects: *Kai Tak Cruise Terminal: second berth, helicopter landing zone and Tourist Centre (expected to be complete July 2014) * MTR

Tuen Ma line The Tuen Ma line () is a rapid transit line that forms part of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system in Hong Kong. Coloured brown on the map, the Tuen Ma line is in length, making it the longest line of the MTR network. It has a total of ...

Kai Tak station (construction began 2012, completed in 2020) * Route 6 (

and Trunk Road T2) (under consultation) *Underground street to

and

* Kai Tak River (expected to be finished in phases between 2015 and 2018) *District Cooling System (second phase) *Hospital:

Hong Kong Children's Hospital Hong Kong Children's Hospital () is the first children hospital in Hong Kong's public healthcare system, located in Kowloon City, Hong Kong. Located at the south apron of the former Kai Tak Airport, the hospital has 468 beds for inpatients and d ...

(construction began in 2014, completed in 2017) and Centre of Excellence in Neuroscience *Kai Tak Sky Garden, a massive elevated garden, opened in May 2021. It occupies part of the former runway and apron. *Several private residential developments including: **Oasis Kai Tak **One Kai Tak **Vibe Centro **Victoria Skye The final stage infrastructure projects are expected to completed after 2021. These are the final stage projects: *

Kai Tak Sports Park Kai Tak Sports Park is a multi-purpose sports venue that is being built at the site of the former Kai Tak Airport in Kowloon, Hong Kong. The sports park will be located on the north western part of the old Kai Tak Airport, where some of the parkin ...

(expected to be completed by 2023) *

(EFLS) (Put on Hold) *Metro Park *Remaining residential and commercial land at north apron *commercial land at south apron *District Cooling System (third phase)

Transport

MTR Tuen Ma line

The

involves construction of two stations within the KTD: Kai Tak station and

Sung Wong Toi station Sung Wong Toi is an underground MTR rapid transit station in Hong Kong on the , located in Ma Tau Chung in Kowloon City District. The station also serves Kowloon City and Ma Tau Wai via a pedestrian tunnel. The station was built as part of t ...

Environmentally Friendly Linkage System

The Environmentally Friendly Linkage System (EFLS) is a monorail transportation system with 12 stations proposed by the government. It will cost around 1.2 billion Hong Kong dollars. The estimated passenger count in up to 200,000 in 2031. The system will account for 15 percent of the public transportation in the Kowloon East Development. The EFLS project is now headed by the Development Bureau with public consultation carried out by the

Civil Engineering and Development Department The Civil Engineering and Development Department (CEDD) is a department of the Hong Kong government that reports to the Development Bureau. Its major services include provision of land and infrastructure, port and marine services, geotechnic ...

. Construction is predicted to start in 2018 and to be completed in 2023. There is opposition to the monorail system and other proposing a

tram A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...

system (using

Ground-level power supply Ground-level power supply, also known as surface current collection or, in French, ''alimentation par le sol'' ("feeding via the ground"), is a concept and group of technologies whereby electric vehicles collect electric power at ground level fro ...

) as a more feasible alternative.

Highway and roads

Hong Kong's Route 6 is proposed to cross the KTD area, using the

, Trunk Road T2 and Tseung Kwan O - Lam Tin Tunnel. It will connect

Kowloon East Kowloon East is the eastern part of Kowloon, covering the Wong Tai Sin District, Wong Tai Sin and Kwun Tong District, with Kowloon City District occasionally included. History The boundary of Kowloon East is not strictly defined and hence varies ...

and

References

External links

Kai Tak Development
Kai Tak Office,

Kai Tak Development,30 January 2013
Civil Engineering and Development Department {{coord, 22.3272, 114.1978, display=title Kowloon City District Kowloon Bay New Kowloon Victoria Harbour