Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang or Kew Keang, is a

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of China' ...

located on the southern shores of the

Yangtze River The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest list of rivers of Asia, river in Asia, the list of rivers by length, third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in th ...

in northwest

Jiangxi Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north int ...

Province, People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level city in Jiangxi province. ''Jiujiang'' literally means "nine rivers". It is one of the first five cities open to foreign trade along the Yangtze River after Chinese Reform and Opening policy. It is Yangtze River shipping hub international gateway, and

's only international trade port city. Jiujiang Port is the fourth largest port on the Yangtze River. Its population was 4,600,276 inhabitants at the 2020 census whom 1,164,268 in the built up area made of 3 urban districts ( Xunyang, Lianxi, and Chaisang). In 2007, the city is named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum. In 2022, State Council of China granted Jiujiang the title of National Historical and Cultural City for its rich history and multiculture background in the Republic of China era.

Administrative divisions

Districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

: :*

Xunyang District Xunyang District () is a district of the city of Jiujiang, Jiangxi province, China. Administrative divisions Xunyang District has 7 subdistricts. ;7 subdistricts Transport * Beijing–Kowloon railway The Beijing–Kowloon railway, also know ...

() :*

Lianxi District Lianxi () is a district in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China. It was formerly named Lushan District, taking its name from Mount Lu, which was located inside its boundaries. In April 2016, jurisdiction for Mount Lu and Guling town was transferred to the ne ...

() :*

Chaisang District Chaisang District (), known as Jiujiang County () before September 2017, is a district of the city of Jiujiang in Jiangxi Province, China. It has non-contiguous land area, with a smaller exclave to the northeast being separated by Lianxi District a ...

() *

Counties A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

: :*

Wuning County Wuning County () is a county in the northwest of Jiangxi Province, China, bordering Hubei Province to the north. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang or Kew Keang ...

() :*

Xiushui County Xiushui County () is a county in the northwest of Jiangxi Province, China, bordering the provinces of Hunan to the west and southwest and Hubei to the northwest. It is the westernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang ...

() :*

Yongxiu County Yongxiu () is a county under the administration of Jiujiang City in northern Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, on the western shores of Poyang Lake. , the county has a total population of 361,000 residing in an area of . Bordering c ...

() :*

De'an County De'an () is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang in the north of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Province, China. Its total area is , and the population is as of 2010. This county is known for the residence of the parents of ...

() :*

Duchang County Duchang () is a county in the north-northeast of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. Containing part of Poyang Lake, it is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang o ...

() :*

Hukou County Hukou County () is a county under the administration of Jiujiang City, in the north of Jiangxi Province, China, bordering Anhui Anhui , (; formerly romanized as Anhwei) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the Ea ...

() :*

Pengze County Pengze County () is a county in the north of Jiangxi Province, situated on the southeast (right) bank of the Yangtze. The northernmost county-level division of the province, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang ...

() *

County-level city A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a Administrative divisions of China#County level (3rd), county-level administrative divi ...

: :*

Ruichang Ruichang () is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang, in the north of Jiangxi province, along the Yangtze River, bordering Hubei province to the north. Ruichang suffered deaths and extensive damage from the 2005 Ruichang earthqua ...

() :*

Gongqingcheng Gongqingcheng () is a sub-prefecture-level city in northern Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, established on 10 September 2010. It was formerly under the administration of Jiujiang City, the downtown to the northeast, and is located ...

(). Directly administered as a

sub-prefecture-level city A sub-prefectural municipality (), sub-prefectural city, or vice-prefectural municipality, is an unofficial designation for a type of administrative division of China. A sub-prefectural city is officially considered to be a county-level city, b ...

since 1 July 2014. :* Lushan () * Others: :* Bureau and Administration Committees ::* Mountain Lu Scenic Area Administration Bureau ::* Mountain Lu West Sea Scenic Area Management Committee ::* Bali Lake New Area Management Committee ::* Poyang Lake Ecological Science and Technology City Management Committee :* Towns and Sub-district Offices ::* There are 235 towns and 11 sub-district offices

History

Ancient History

In ancient times it was told that nine rivers converged near where Jiujiang sprang up to become Jiangxi's main water port today. During the

Xia Xia (Hsia in Wade–Giles) may refer to: Chinese history * Xia dynasty (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC), the first orthodox dynasty in Chinese history * Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms) (407–431), a Xiongnu-led dynasty * Xia (617–621), a state founded by Dou Ji ...

through the

Shang The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty founded by Tang of Shang (Cheng Tang) that ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and f ...

Dynasties the capitals of several states were located in area of Jiujiang. In the Spring & Autumn Period (770–476 BCE) Jiujiang bordered between the states of Wu (downstream, to the east) and Chu (upstream, to the west).

Imperial History

Tao Yuanming Tao Yuanming (; 365–427), also known as Tao Qian (; also T'ao Ch'ien in Wade-Giles), was a Chinese poet and politician who was one of the best-known poets during the Six Dynasties, Six Dynasties period. He was born during the Eastern Jin dyn ...

(365–429 CE) a famous Chinese philosopher lived at the base of Lushan. He was once appointed magistrate of nearby

and after 83 days resigned due to the politics involved in administering justice. He retired back to his village to pen an essay called "

Peach Blossom Spring ''The Peach Blossom Spring'' (, also translated as “(The Record of) the Peach Blossom”), or ''Peach Blossom Spring Story'' or ''The Peach Blossom Land'' was a fable written by Tao Yuanming in 421 CE about a chance discovery of an ethereal utop ...

". In 757,

Li Bai Li Bai (, 701–762), also pronounced as Li Bo, courtesy name Taibai (), was a Chinese poet, acclaimed from his own time to the present as a brilliant and romantic figure who took traditional poetic forms to new heights. He and his friend Du F ...

(701–762 CE) was implicated in An-Shi disturbances and imprisoned at Jiujiang.

Bai Juyi Bai Juyi (also Bo Juyi or Po Chü-i; ; 772–846), courtesy name Letian (樂天), was a renowned Chinese poet and Tang dynasty government official. Many of his poems concern his career or observations made about everyday life, including as g ...

(772–846 CE) wrote a poem called "Lute Song", which is about his sadness and isolation of forced exile as a middle rank official to reside in such a small town. In the 13th century

Zhu Xi Zhu Xi (; ; October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty. Zhu was influential in the development of Neo-Confucianism. He con ...

was a Confucian philosopher who practiced at the

White Deer Grotto Academy The White Deer Grotto Academy (, Gan: Pak-Luk-Tung Su-yon, sometimes translated as White Deer Cave Academy or White Deer Hollow Academy) is a former school at the foot of Wulou Peak in Lushan, now in Jiujiang, Jiangxi province. It was one of th ...

, on Lushan's eastern flanks. Jiujiang has also been known as Jiangzhou and Xunyang in former times. During the

Jin Dynasty (266–420) The Jin dynasty (; ) or the Jin Empire, sometimes distinguished as the (司馬晉) or the (兩晉), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed from 266 to 420. It was founded by Sima Yan (Emperor Wu), eldest son of Sima Zhao, who had pr ...

it was known as Sin Yang, the

Liang dynasty The Liang dynasty (), alternatively known as the Southern Liang () in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. It was preceded by the South ...

(502–557) it was called Jiangzhou. The

Sui Dynasty The Sui dynasty (, ) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties, thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, and layi ...

saw its name as Jiujiang and the Song Dynasty (960–1127) called it Ting Jiang. The Ming dynasty (1368–1644), gave it Jiujiang which has retained its name to this day. It was a

Taiping rebellion The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive rebellion and civil war that was waged in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Han, Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It lasted fr ...

stronghold for five years (1850–1864) after they devastated the town to only leave one street with buildings intact. The city served as the capital of Taiping's Jiangxi province during this time.

British Concession and European Settlement History

The Arrival of the Europeans

A member of

Lord Elgin Earl of Elgin is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1633 for Thomas Bruce, 3rd Lord Kinloss. He was later created Baron Bruce, of Whorlton in the County of York, in the Peerage of England on 30 July 1641. The Earl of Elgin is the h ...

's committee arriving in 1858 to survey Chinese ports for treaty status noted: "We found it to the last degree deplorable." A single dilapidated street, composed only of a few mean shops, was all that existed of this once thriving populous city. The remainder of the vast area composed within its massive walls 9-10 kilometers in circumference, contained nothing but ruins, weeds and kitchen gardens. After Jiujiang becoming an open treaty port in 1862, it was exporting Jiangxi's vast rice crop. In 1904, more than 160,000 kilos of opium were moved through its customs house. The New York Methodist Mission Society's Superintendent, Virgil C. Hart, arrived in Kiukiang in 1866 and bought a piece of property just east of the city wall. This is where the city's first Methodist Church and western hospital was built, with the hospital renamed the #1 Hospital, and the oldest/continuous operating hospital in Jiangxi Province. In 1896 Drs. Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu) and Ida Kahn (Kahn Cheng) arrived back in Jiujiang, being China's first two native female western-educated doctors; having graduated from the

University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...

Medical School. They were provided with funds collected by Dr. I. N. Danforth (from Chicago residents), to build the Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Hospital and administered entirely by the native Chinese. This was later renamed Jiujiang Women's and Children's Hospital, and the nursing education by Drs. Stone and Kahn would later be the impetus for the founding of

Jiujiang University The University of Jiujiang (UoJ)(Chinese: 九江学院; Pinyin: Jiǔjiāng Xuéyuàn) is a local university in Jiujiang, northern Jiangxi Province in China. History Jiujiang University is a comprehensive public university authorized by the ...

and Jiujiang Medical School. It became one of the three centers of the tea trade in China along with

Hankou Hankou, alternately romanized as Hankow (), was one of the three towns (the other two were Wuchang and Hanyang) merged to become modern-day Wuhan city, the capital of the Hubei province, China. It stands north of the Han and Yangtze Rivers wher ...

and

Fuzhou Fuzhou (; , Fuzhounese: Hokchew, ''Hók-ciŭ''), alternately romanized as Foochow, is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian province, China. Along with the many counties of Ningde, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute t ...

. The Russians had two brick tea producing factories, but ceased operations after 1917. On October 16, 1927, there was an explosion of ammunition on the Chinese troopship ''Kuang Yuang'' near Jiujiang. The British surrendered their concession in 1927 after being robbed and its Chinese workers mutineered their posts to the marauding crowds. An economic recession had set in over the decades as Indian and Chelonian tea made for greater competition. A military advance was being staged upriver in Wuhan by the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...

in 1927 and all the remaining expatriate community fled on British and American warships towards safer waters of Shanghai, to never return. Jiujiang languished as a port and much of its export trade was siphoned off with the connecting of

Nanchang Nanchang (, ; ) is the capital of Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east ...

to coastal rail lines built in 1936–37.

The Establishment of British Concession

After China's defeat in the Second Opium War, China and Britain signed the

Treaty of Tientsin The Treaty of Tientsin, also known as the Treaty of Tianjin, is a collective name for several documents signed at Tianjin (then Postal Map Romanization, romanized as Tientsin) in June 1858. The Qing Empire, Qing dynasty, Russian Empire, Secon ...

. At the beginning of the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), the British Counsellor, Harry Parkes, went to the new port on the Yangtse River by naval vessel according to the treaty to investigate the situation and select the site of concession to be opened. After the concession sites of Zhenjiang and Hankou were delimit, on March 22, Harry Parkes returned to Jiujiang from Hankou and decided to open up a commercial port in Jiujiang. In the 11th year of xianfeng (1861), Zhang Jixin, general minister of Jiangxi province, signed with Harry Parkers the treaty of opening up the British concession in Jiujiang, the Treaty of Land Lease in Jiujiang. The concession was located in a narrow area on the west of Jiujiang, between the Yangtze River and Gantang Lake, to the west of Longkai River, with a length of 150 zhang from east to west and a depth of 60 zhang from south to north, covering an area of 150 acres. The southern part of the concession includes part of PenPu Port.Bickers, R. (2013). 8. British Concessions and Chinese Cities, 1910s–1930s. In New Narratives of Urban Space in Republican Chinese Cities (pp. 155-195). Brill.

The Development of Kuling town in Mountain Lu

In the early 20th century, Kuling town on top of

Mountain Lu Mountain Lu or Lushan (, Gan: Lu-san), officially named Mountain Lu National Park, is a mountain in China. It was also known as Kuanglu () in ancient times. It is situated in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, and is one of the most renowned mountai ...

became the summer resort for international residents because of its beautiful geological landscape and nice climate. At the golden age, over 4000 foreigners from America and European countries lived in this small town in summer time. Kuling, on the slopes of a wide valley of

, was established in 1895 by the missionaries Edward Selby Little, Dr. Edgerton Haskell Hart and three others, as a sanitarium and rest resort for Western missionaries in southern China. They built their houses in the colonial style of architecture, and added churches, schools, and sports facilities. It was named by Little, as a pun: it is wonderfully ''cooling'' after the summer heat in the plains below. It was also a word that sounded conveniently Chinese to the local people, and has been adopted by them. Kuling was run by the missionaries in a Kuling Council that sold the plots of the land and with the proceeds paid for local services and security. In 1910, Caroline Maddock Hart and four others met to found the Nurses Association of China; with Caroline Maddock Hart being its first president.

Modern History

Until 1949 Jiujiang had very little industry except for local handicrafts. Manufacturing is Jiujiang's backbone today with auto, machinery, petrochemical, shipbuilding and textiles as its cornerstones. After the completion of the

Yangtze River Bridge The bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River carry rail and road traffic across China's longest and largest river and form a vital part of the country's transportation infrastructure. The river bisects China proper from west to east, and eve ...

in 1992 and the Beijing to Kowloon (Hong Kong) and Wuhan to Shanghai rail systems laid, a convenient ground corridor was provided and a regional airport now serves most of China's capital cities. In 2005, an earthquake hit

Kuling American School Association Kuling (), now called Guling, was a summer European missionary resort located on top of Mountain Lu, Jiujiang, China. Now it is the tourist and administration center in the Mountain Lu National Park, a World Heritage Site. , it has 5 resident ...

donated 200 sets of desks and chairs and more than 50 sets of Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary to a local primary school near Ruichang.

Economy

Economic and Technological Development Zones

:*Jiujiang Free Trade (Tariff-free) Zone :*Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone :*Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone

Latest Ranking in the Chinese Cities

In 2021, Jiujiang's GDP is 373.528 Billion Yuan. Jiujiang's GDP ranks 70th among all Chinese cities.

Demography

The city administers a total population of approximately 4,600,276 at the 2020 census of whom approximately 2,814,240 are urban living in the urban area. The population density is 240 per km².

Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...

make up 99.8% of the population. Registered residents include 25 ethnic minorities. Six of them are major minorities in Jiujiang. They are:

Hui The Hui people ( zh, c=, p=Huízú, w=Hui2-tsu2, Xiao'erjing: , dng, Хуэйзў, ) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the n ...

Miao Miao may refer to: * Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China * Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages * Miao (Unicode ...

, Zhuang, Tujia, and

She She most commonly refers to: *She (pronoun), the third person singular, feminine, nominative case pronoun in modern English. She or S.H.E. may also refer to: Literature and films *'' She: A History of Adventure'', an 1887 novel by H. Rider Hagga ...

. Jiujiang dialect is unlike typical

Gan The word Gan or the initials GAN may refer to: Places *Gan, a component of Hebrew placenames literally meaning "garden" China * Gan River (Jiangxi) * Gan River (Inner Mongolia), * Gan County, in Jiangxi province * Gansu, abbreviated ''Gā ...

dialect of Jiangxi. Jiujiang dialect is a variety of

Lower Yangtze Mandarin Lower Yangtze Mandarin () is one of the most divergent and least mutually-intelligible of the Mandarin languages, as it neighbours the Wu, Hui, and Gan groups of Sinitic languages. It is also known as Jiang–Huai Mandarin (), named after the ...

and is close to Wu languages.

Climate

Industry

Primary industries include: * Manufacturing * Petrochemical Refinement * Tourism * Import/Export (through river port) * Agricultural Chemical Production

Transport

Road

G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway The Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway (), designated as G56 and commonly referred to as the Hangrui Expressway () is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and Ruili, Yunnan, a city on the border with Burma. When complete, ...

G70 Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway The Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway (), designated as G70 and commonly referred to as the Fuyin Expressway () is an expressway that connects the cities of Fuzhou, Fujian, China, and Yinchuan, Ningxia. It is in length. The expressway was completed wi ...

*Jiujiang Ring Expressway *Chang-Jiu Expressway *Jiu-Rui Expressway *G45 Daguang Expressway *Yongwu Expressway *Penghu Expressway *Xiu-ping Expressway *Du-Jiu Expressway *Dong-jiu Expressway

Rail

* Beijing-Kowloon * Tongling–Jiujiang * Hefei–Jiujiang * Wuhan–Jiujiang * Nanchang–Jiujiang Intercity Railway *Chang-jiu intercity railway *Wu-jiu high speed railway *Jiujing-qu railway *He-an-Jiu passenger dedicated line *Fu-gang-jiu passenger dedicated line *Chang-jiu high speed railway.

Air

Jiujiang Lushan Airport Jiujiang Lushan Airport () is an airport serving Jiujiang, a city in the province of Jiangxi in China. The airport began operations on June 18, 1998. All flights from the airport were suspended on March 21, 2015. The airport reopened on October 3 ...

(JIU)

Port

Jiujiang Port is the largest port in Jiangxi Province located at the junction of the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake and the Beijing-Kowloon Railway. From west to east, this port consists of five docks namely Ruichang, Chengxi, Chengqu, Hukou and Pengze. As an important port situated on the lower and middle reaches of Yangtze River and one of the 5 main ports on the river, many domestic and international marine routes have been established, In the main, the freight handled consists of mineral building materials, coals, metal and nonmetal ores and petroleum.

Yangtze Bridges

At present, Jiujiang has two Bridges built across the Yangtze River. They are

Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge The Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge is a combined road-rail bridge over the Yangtze River near the city of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province in eastern China. It links Xunyang District of Jiujiang, south of the river, with Xiaochi Town in Huangmei County ...

and

Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge The Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge (), also known as the Second Jiujiang Bridge, is a cable-stayed bridge over the Yangtze River between Huangmei, Huanggang, in Hubei province and Jiujiang, in Jiangxi province. The bridge carries six ...

. The third bridge across the Yangtze River in Jiujiang is under construction. The fourth bridge across the Yangtze River in Jiujiang is being designed

Colleges and universities

Jiujiang Vocational College of Finance and Economics

* University of Jiujiang: an university located in

. The location is most easily reached by the 101 bus from the city center. *

Jiangxi Vocational College of Finance and Economics Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north into hi ...

: a small picturesque college located right by the lake. This college is well situated within the city. *

Jiujiang Vocational and Technical College Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang or Kew Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level city ...

: a vocational college located in

near University of Jiujiang. * Jiujiang Vocational University: a vocational college located in

near University of Jiujiang. * Jiangxi Fenglin College: a vocational college located in Yongxiu county.Yongxiu county belongs to Jiujiang. *

Jiujiang Vocational College of Polytechnic Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang or Kew Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level city ...

: a vocational college located in Jiujiang Economic and Technological Development Zone. *

Gongqing Institute of Science and Technology Gongqingcheng () is a sub-prefecture-level city in northern Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, established on 10 September 2010. It was formerly under the administration of Jiujiang City, the downtown to the northeast, and is located ...

: a vocational college located in

. Gongqingcheng belongs to Jiujiang. *

Gongqing College of Nanchang University Gongqingcheng () is a sub-prefecture-level city in northern Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, established on 10 September 2010. It was formerly under the administration of Jiujiang City, the downtown to the northeast, and is locate ...

: a local college located in Gongqingcheng. *

Science and Technology College of Jiangxi Normal University Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for ...

: a local college located in Gongqingcheng. * Modern Economics and Management College of Jiangxi Finance and Economics University: a local college located in Gongqingcheng. * Science and Technology College of Nanchang Aviation University: a vocational college located in Gongqingcheng. *

Science and Technology College of Nanchang University Science is a systematic endeavor that Scientific method, builds and organizes knowledge in the form of Testability, testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earli ...

: a local college located in Gongqingcheng. *

Nanchang Business College of Jiangxi Agriculture University Nanchang (, ; ) is the capital of Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east ...

: a local vocational college located in Gongqingcheng.

International relations

Former Diplomatic Representives in Jiujiang

British Consulate General Jiujiang British Consulate General Jiujiang was established in 1861 located within British Concession of Jiujiang. Historical Background Jiujiang Opened as a Treaty Port After China's defeat in the Second Opium War, China and Britain signed the Treaty ...

was established in 1861 *

Japanese Consulate General Jiujiang Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

was established on July 16, 1915

Twin towns — Sister cities

Jiujiang is twinned with: * Baw Baw, Australia *

Chios Chios (; el, Χίος, Chíos , traditionally known as Scio in English) is the fifth largest Greek island, situated in the northern Aegean Sea. The island is separated from Turkey by the Chios Strait. Chios is notable for its exports of mastic ...

, Greece *

Jeongseon Jeongseon (''Jeongseon-gun'') is a county in the province of Gangwon-do, South Korea. It is famous as the hometown of "Jeongseon Arirang," a traditional Korean folksong. It is also the hometown of actor Won Bin and footballer Seol Ki-hyeon. Hi ...

, South Korea *

Kajaani Kajaani (; sv, Kajana) is the most populous town and the capital of the Kainuu Region of Finland. It is located southeast of Lake Oulu (Oulujärvi), which drains into the Gulf of Bothnia through the Oulu River (Oulujoki). As of , it had a pop ...

, Finland *

Koper Koper (; it, Capodistria, hr, Kopar) is the fifth largest city in Slovenia. Located in the Istrian region in the southwestern part of the country, approximately five kilometres () south of the border with Italy and 20 kilometres () from Triest ...

, Slovenia *

Legionowo Legionowo is a city in Masovia ( pl, Mazowsze), east-central Poland. Location Legionowo is located to the north-east of the center of Warsaw and only to the south of Zegrze Reservoir ( or ), near the Warsaw-Gdańsk railroad and Warsaw-Suwał ...

, Poland *

Louisville Louisville ( , , ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 28th most-populous city in the United States. Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County, on the Indiana border. ...

, United States *

La Plata La Plata () is the capital city of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. According to the , it has a population of 654,324 and its metropolitan area, the Greater La Plata, has 787,294 inhabitants. It is located 9 kilometers (6 miles) inland from th ...

, Argentina *

Queimados Queimados () is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the ...

, Brazil * Redbridge, England, United Kingdom *

Savannah A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the Canopy (forest), canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to rea ...

, United States *

Serowe Serowe (population approximately 60,000) is an urban village in Botswana's Central District. A trade and commercial centre, it is Botswana's third largest village. Serowe has played an important role in Botswana's history, as capital for the Bama ...

, Botswana *

Tamano is a city located in southern Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The city was officially founded on August 3, 1940. As of October 1, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 60,101 and a population density of 580 persons per km². The total area i ...

, Japan

Tourism

: one of the most famous mountains in China. It is located in the south of the urban center and listed as a

World Heritage Site A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...

. * Mountain Lu National Park: is located on Mountain Lu. In 1996, Mountain Lu became a UNESCO

. In 2004, the Mountain Lu National Park became a member of

Global Geoparks Network UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) are geoparks certified by the UNESCO Global Geoparks Council as meeting all the requirements for belonging to the Global Geoparks Network (GGN). The GGN is both a network of geoparks and the agency of the United Nati ...

. Mountain Lu National Park is a place of striking beauty. It has spectacular peaks, lakes, cliffs, waterfalls and important Buddhist and Taoist temples. *

Kuling Kuling (), now called Guling, was a summer European missionary resort located on top of Mountain Lu, Jiujiang, China. Now it is the tourist and administration center in the Mountain Lu National Park, a World Heritage Site. , it has 5 residenti ...

: as a homonym for cooling. It is a mountain town in the Mountain Lu National Park. It was established in 1895 by the missionaries Edward Selby Little, Dr. Edgerton Haskell Hart and three others, as a sanitarium and summer resort for Western missionaries in southern China. * British Concession Museum: located on Binjiang road. It was established by local government from transforming buildings left from the former

British Concession of Jiujiang British Concession of Jiujiang was established in 1861. It was officially ended in 1929 when the Chen-O'Malley Agreement was signed. There was a sizable European community living in Jiujiang during that period. It was Jiujiang's only concession. ...

. * Yuliang South Road Historical and Cultural Block: a street combines Chinese and Western cultures. Beside the street are: **the old Catholic school **the old monastery **the Catholic church **Taling Park **the old Perkins Villa **Nengren temple **Western Goods Exhibition Window * Lushan Hotspring: located in Hotspring town,

Lushan City Lushan City (), formerly Xingzi County (Singtze; Hingtzu) (), is a county-level city in the north of Jiangxi Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang ...

is a county-level city belong to Jiujiang. * Haiyun Sand Beach: located in Balihu Park. It is the only high standard man-made beach in

Province. It is a famous scenic spot and entertainment resort in Jiujiang. * Xunyang River Scenic Area: located on Binjiang Road in

. It is near shoreline of the Yangtze River. Covering an area of some 765 acres (around 509,490 sqm), with distance of 5.2 km long from east to west. It is only 4.5 km away from Jiujiang Station, 1.6 km away from Fuzhou-Yinchuan Expressway, and about an hour's drive from Changbei Airport. Its rich tourism resources include river, ancient building, garden and museum as follows: **Pipa Pavilion **Xunyang Tower **Suojiang Pagoda ** British Concession Museum **Baishui Lake Park **Xunyang River Cruise Ship * Mountain Lu West Sea: is located about 90 kilometers to the south of Mountain Lu. It is National 5-Star Scenic Spot. There are thousands of islands in the area just like Maldives. In 2007, between June and August, American reality program Survivor filmed its fifteenth season, '' Survivor: China'', in the area. The program host Jeff Probst claimed that this was the first American television series filmed entirely in China. *Nanshan Park (): completed in early 2013. This park, home to a new pagoda, is covered in flora and lights up the Jiujiang sky at night. *Yanshui Pavilion: located in city center, near Gantang lake. It is a well known scenic spot in Jiujiang. * Donglin Temple: a Buddhist temple located at foot of Mountain Lu. It is built by

Huiyuan (Buddhist) Huiyuan (; 334–416 AD) was a Chinese Buddhist teacher who founded Donglin Temple on Mount Lushan in Jiangxi province and wrote the text ''On Why Monks Do Not Bow Down Before Kings'' in 404 AD. He was born in Shanxi province but after a long ...

, founder of

Pure Land Buddhism Pure Land Buddhism (; ja, 浄土仏教, translit=Jōdo bukkyō; , also referred to as Amidism in English,) is a broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism focused on achieving rebirth in a Buddha's Buddha-field or Pure Land. It is one of the most wid ...

. Pure Land Buddhism later spread to Japan and gained its prominence there. In 1175,

Hōnen was the religious reformer and founder of the first independent branch of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism called . He is also considered the Seventh Jōdo Shinshū Patriarch. Hōnen became a Tendai initiate at an early age, but grew disaffected and ...

established Pure Land Buddhism as an independent sect in Japan known as

Jōdo-shū , also known as Jōdo Buddhism, is a branch of Pure Land Buddhism derived from the teachings of the Japanese ex-Tendai monk Hōnen. It was established in 1175 and is the most widely practiced branch of Buddhism in Japan, along with Jōdo Shi ...

. Pure Land schools have nearly 40 percent of Japanese Buddhism practitioners, only second to

Chan Chan may refer to: Places *Chan (commune), Cambodia *Chan Lake, by Chan Lake Territorial Park in Northwest Territories, Canada People *Chan (surname), romanization of various Chinese surnames (including 陳, 曾, 詹, 戰, and 田) *Chan Caldwel ...

schools. **The temple provide free vegetarian lunch and free guest house. Visitors can stay at guest house in temple for free up to three days. The guest house is gender separated, and visitors have to share room with others. * Donglin Buddha: the world's tallest statue of Amitabha Buddha. Total cost is about 1 billion Yuan. Surface of the Buddha is plated with 48 kilograms of gold. Buddha height is 48 meters tall, representing the forty-eighth vows of Amitabha Buddha. Total height is 81 meters. *Mountain Lu Four Seasons Flower City (Botanical Garden): located in Bali lake New Area. It is Jiujiang's largest flower plant park. *Stone Bell Hill: just downriver from Jiujiang is Hukou where the Yangtze River and waters of Boyang Lake converge with an abrupt color change. People have been coming here for centuries to listen to the stone-bell sound resonating from the cliffs overlooking this spot. A few theories are provided why this rare geographical phenomenon happens. Li Daoyuan from the Northern Wei period (386-534) theorizes that it is because the hill has a bell-shaped appearance and hollow inside, thus providing the sound when struck. Or it may be because of the water lapping within the limestone nooks and fissures around its base, as famous litterateur from the same time Su Shui discovered. Su Dongpo also did three trips around its perimeter, before settling on this last explanation for its unique sound also. Many Chinese literati's have left more than twenty calligraphy masterpieces carved upon its rocks, with some dating back to the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE).

Notable residents

* Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu) (1873-1954), one of the first western trained Chinese female physicians. Founder of Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Hospital (now called Jiujiang Women and Children's Hospital) in Jiujiang. *Lo-Yi Chang (1907-1988), was born in Kuling town. She was spouse of T.V. Soong, then Premier of the Republic of China. She has made a significant contribution to the promotion of China overseas. *

Pearl S. Buck Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 – March 6, 1973) was an American writer and novelist. She is best known for ''The Good Earth'' a bestselling novel in the United States in 1931 and 1932 and won the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, Pulitze ...

(1892-1973), was the first American woman won Nobel Prize in Literature, for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China, in 1938. She also won Pulitzer Prize in 1932. She spent her childhood with her family in

in summer time. Her father built a stone villa in Kuling in 1897, and lived there until his death in 1931. * (松浦正人) (1942- ), born in Jiujiang. He was a Japanese politician. He served as

Hōfu is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of September 30, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 117,387 and a population density of 622.44 people per km2. The total area is 188.59 km2. History Hōfu (防府) means "the c ...

mayor and president of National Mayors Association of Japan. In 2018, then

mayor and president of National Mayors Association of Japan (NMAJ), Masato Matsuura (松浦正人), led a delegation of NMAJ visited former Japanese consulate of Jiujiang. Masato Matsuura said :''I was born in the former Japanese consulate of Jiujiang. Jiujiang is my second hometown. I am deeply attached to the beautiful landscape here''. *

Chiang Yee Chiang Yee (; 19 May 1903 – 26 October 1977), self-styled as "The Silent Traveller" (哑行者), was a Chinese poet, author, painter and calligrapher. The success of ''The Silent Traveller: A Chinese Artist in Lakeland'' (1937) was followed by ...

(1903 - 1977), born in Jiujiang. He was a Chinese poet, author, painter and calligrapher. His translation of ''Coca Cola'' is remembered by all Chinese. *

Mervyn Peake Mervyn Laurence Peake (9 July 1911 – 17 November 1968) was an English writer, artist, poet, and illustrator. He is best known for what are usually referred to as the '' Gormenghast'' books. The four works were part of what Peake conceived ...

(1911-1968), born in Kuling town,

. He was an English writer, artist, poet, and illustrator. He was well known for being the illustrator of ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''. *

Maggie Mac Neil Hannah Margaret McNair "Maggie" Mac NeilHer surname is sometimes incorrectly rendered as MacNeil in news reporting and television graphics. (born 26 February 2000) is a Canadian competitive swimmer. A 100 metre butterfly event specialist, she ...

(2000- ), born in Jiujiang and adopted to Canada at an early age * Sylvia Wu (1915–2022), born in Kiukiang and later became a Los Angeles restaurateur and a writer.

External links

People's Government of Jiujiang (Chinese language)

Mountain Lu Website (Chinese language)

Jiujiang News Network (Chinese language)

Kuling American School Association

References

{{Authority control Cities in Jiangxi Prefecture-level divisions of Jiangxi Port cities and towns in China Populated places on the Yangtze River