Jiang Zhuyun (; 20 August 1920 – 14 November 1949) was a Chinese

communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...

revolutionary.Spymaster:

Dai Li Dai Li (; 28 May 189717 March 1946), courtesy name Yunong, was a Chinese lieutenant general and spymaster. Dai was born in Jiangshan, Zhejiang and later studied at the Whampoa Military Academy, where Chiang Kai-shek served as Chief Commandant, ...

and the Chinese Secret Service - Page 166 Frederic E. Wakeman - 2003 "Occasionally, but only very seldom, was a woman able to shame her torturers in return. Shen Zui tells the story of Xu Yuanju's interrogation of the Communist Jiang Zhuyun in Chongqing. After she disdainfully refused to answer his questions, ..." She is the basis of the character of Jiang Xueqin, or "Sister Jiang" () in the semi-fictional novel '' Red Crag''.East Asian History - Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, 1998 p134-137

Life

She was born Jiang Zhujun () in Jiangjiawan,

Dashanpu The Shaximiao Formation () is a Middle Jurassic, Middle to Late Jurassic aged geological formation in Sichuan, China, most notable for the wealth of dinosaurs fossils that have been excavated from its strata. The Shaximiao Formation is exposed in ...

, Zigong,

Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...

province. She moved after a drought struck their area and her mother asked for help from her brother who lived in

Chongqing ChongqingPostal Romanization, Previously romanized as Chungking ();. is a direct-administered municipality in Southwestern China. Chongqing is one of the four direct-administered municipalities under the State Council of the People's Republi ...

. When her grandmother died they were able to move out of her uncle's house. He was well off, whilst her family had difficulty living on her father's wage and her mother's job. Her father sent money home as he was a sailor, Jiang attended a church school and in 1939 started to attend university. She joined the

Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...

(CCP).Jiang Zhujun: A Steel Rose Who 'Bloomed Before Dawn'
, Zhang Nan, 27 October 2016, WomenOfChina, Retrieved 19 November 2016 She was assigned an undercover role where she was required to appear as the wife of Peng Pongwu. He already had a wife called Tan Zhenglun and because of this they were unsuccessfully in keeping their relationship professional. In 1944, the CCP arranged for her to attend Sichuan University. There she worked secretly and she not only studied Russian but she read Russian media and books. She was allowed to marry Peng Pongwu in 1945. The following year their son was born. Jiang Zhuyuns letter

Peng was leading a group of guerrillas when he was killed in 1948 and she took on his role. She left her son with Peng's first wife and led the group. Another revolutionary was captured and gave her name to her captors. She was arrested in Wanxian and then imprisoned in Zhazidong Concentration Camp. She was tortured but she kept all her knowledge secret. She did manage to send out a letter, which is now at the Three Gorges Museum in Chongqing. A quote from it says "Tortures are too small tasks for the Communists. Bamboo sticks are made of bamboo, but the will of the Communists is made of iron and steel". The letter is said to have inspired many to make generous donations to the CCP.Sister Jiang: Committed Her Life to Communist Ideals, Died 29
25 June 2016, WomeninChina, Retrieved 19 November 2016

Literary and artistic representations

'Sister Jiang', a key character in the popular novel '' Red Crag'' (1961), is based on Jiang Zhuyun. The character also features in many adaptations of the novel, including: * ''Sister Jiang'' (1964), a Chinese-language western-style opera * '' Eternity in Flames'' (1965), a film directed by Shui Hua * ''Sister Jiang'' (2010), a

CCTV-1 CCTV-1 (CCTV General Channel) is the primary channel of CCTV, the national flagship terrestrial television network of the People's Republic of China. It broadcasts a range of programs from CCTV Headquarters at East 3rd Ring Road in Beijing and ...

television series

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jiang, Zhuyun 1920 births 1949 deaths Communists executed by the Republic of China Chinese communists People from Zigong