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Eternity In Flames
''Eternity in Flames'' (), also known as ''Red Crag'', is a black-and-white 1965 Chinese-language film directed by Shui Hua. Starring Yu Lan and Zhao Dan, it tells the story of a young woman who leads a band of Communist guerillas after the death of her husband. After being betrayed, she is imprisoned with other Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members by the Kuomintang (KMT). Unwilling to betray her cause, she is executed shortly before a mass escape. Based on ''Red Crag'' (1961), ''Eternity in Flames'' drew from the novel and interviews to tell its story. Initially focused on male revolutionaries, a rewrite by Xia Yan resulted in a focus on a female protagonist. The film, approved for release in 1964, was pulled from circulation during the Cultural Revolution. Since its reintroduction, it has become part of school curricula and used for political education. Plot In late 1948, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) member Jiang is travelling to meet with a local guerilla band. She finds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shui Hua
Shui Hua () (November 23, 1916 – December 16, 1995), born Zhang Yufan,Zhang, Yingjin & Xiao, Zhiwei (1998). "Shui Hua" in ''Encyclopedia of Chinese Film''. Taylor & Francis, p. 305. . was a Chinese film director who gained prominence in the 1950s in the early years of the People's Republic of China. Career Born in Nanjing in 1916, Shui Hua studied to be an attorney at Fudan University in Shanghai. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Shui made his way to the Yan'an where he became a member of the Communist Party of China. After the war, Shui became involved in theater while teaching eventually moving into filmmaking with his 1950 debut film, ''The White Haired Girl''. Later in the decade, he directed the critically acclaimed ''The Lin Family Shop'', based on a short story by the author Mao Dun. With the turmoil of the 1960s and 1970s, Shui's filmmaking days seemed behind him. However, upon China's re-emergence from the Cultural Revolution, Shui again began to direct films, inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Daily
The ''People's Daily'' () is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The newspaper provides direct information on the policies and viewpoints of the CCP. In addition to its main Chinese-language edition, the ''People's Daily'' is published in multiple languages. History The paper was established on 15 June 1948 and was published in Pingshan, Hebei, until its offices were moved to Beijing in March 1949. Ever since its founding, the ''People's Daily'' has been under direct control of the CCP's top leadership. Deng Tuo and Wu Lengxi served as editor-in-chief from 1948 to 1958 and 1958–1966, respectively, but the paper was in fact controlled by Mao Zedong's personal secretary Hu Qiaomu. During the Cultural Revolution, the ''People's Daily'' was one of the few sources of information from which either foreigners or Chinese could figure out what the Chinese government was doing or planning to do. During this period, an editorial i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peking Opera
Peking opera, or Beijing opera (), is the most dominant form of Chinese opera, which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in Beijing in the mid-Qing dynasty (1644–1912) and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes are based in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. The art form is also preserved in Taiwan, where it is also known as (). It has also spread to other regions such as the United States and Japan. Peking opera features four main role types, ''sheng'' (gentlemen), '' dan'' (women), '' jing'' (rough men), and '' chou'' (clowns). Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers. With their elaborate and colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Peking opera's characteristically sparse stage. They use th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Liberation Army Air Force
The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF; ), also known as the Chinese Air Force (中国空军) or the People's Air Force (人民空军), is an aerial service branch of the People's Liberation Army, the regular armed forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLAAF was officially established on 11 November 1949 and it is composed of 5 branches which are aviation, anti-aircraft artillery, surface-to-air missiles (SAM), radar, and Airborne Corps. The PLAAF first faced combat in the Korean War against the United States using primarily the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 fighter aircraft, aircraft provided by the Soviet Union, which also assisted with the expansion of the Chinese aerospace industry. Changes in the organization of the PLAAF followed by modernization programs in the 1990s and increased technology development in the 21st century has created the J-20 stealth multirole fighter, the first of its kind for China. History Korean War to the Sino-Soviet Split T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman and military officer who served as the first premier of the People's Republic of China from 1 October 1949 until his death on 8 January 1976. Zhou served under Chairman Mao Zedong and helped the Communist Party rise to power, later helping consolidate its control, form its foreign policy, and develop the Chinese economy. As a diplomat, Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. Advocating peaceful coexistence with the West after the Korean War, he participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and the 1955 Bandung Conference, and helped orchestrate Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He helped devise policies regarding disputes with the United States, Taiwan, the Soviet Union ( after 1960), India, Korea, and Vietnam. Zhou survived the purges of other top officials during the Cultural Revolution. While Mao dedicated most of his later years to political struggle and ideological work, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiang Qing
Jiang Qing (19 March 191414 May 1991), also known as Madame Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary, actress, and major political figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). She was the fourth wife of Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Communist Party and Paramount leader of China. She used the stage name Lan Ping () during her acting career (which ended in 1938), and was known by many other names. Qing married Mao in Yan'an in November 1938 and served as the inaugural " First Lady" of the People's Republic of China. Jiang was best known for playing a major role in the Cultural Revolution and for forming the radical political alliance known as the " Gang of Four". Jiang served as Mao's personal secretary in the 1940s and was head of the Film Section of the Communist Party's Propaganda Department in the 1950s. She served as an important emissary for Mao in the early stages of the Cultural Revolution. In 1966, she was appointed deputy director of the Central Cultura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadomasochism
Sadomasochism ( ) is the giving and receiving of pleasure from acts involving the receipt or infliction of pain or humiliation. Practitioners of sadomasochism may seek sexual pleasure from their acts. While the terms sadist and masochist refer respectively to one who enjoys giving and receiving pain, some practitioners of sadomasochism may switch between activity and passivity. The abbreviation S&M is commonly used for Sadomasochism (or Sadism & Masochism), although the initialisms S-M, SM, or S/M are also used, particularly by practitioners. Sadomasochism is not considered a clinical paraphilia unless such practices lead to clinically significant distress or impairment for a diagnosis. Similarly, sexual sadism within the context of mutual consent, generally known under the heading BDSM, is distinguished from non-consensual acts of sexual violence or aggression.:"Sexual arousal from consensual interactions that include domination should be distinguished from nonconsensual s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culture And Politics Since 1949
Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylor, Edward. (1871). Primitive Culture. Vol 1. New York: J.P. Putnam's Son Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group. Accepting only a monoculture in a social group can bear risks, just as a single species can wither in the face of environmental change, for lack of functional responses to the change. Thus in military culture, valor is counted a typical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xu Linxia
Xu Linxia (; 1904/1905 6 September 1949) was a Chinese communist. Born in Pi County, she attended the No. 3 Normal School before joining the Kuomintang (KMT). After the dissolution of the First United Front, she joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), becoming a leader of its women's branch in Pi. She married Song Qiyun in 1928, and the couple had seven children. Xu was detained by the KMT in 1941, together with her youngest son Song Zhenzhong; her husband was also arrested that year. The three were executed in 1949. Xu has been recognized by the CCP with the title of revolutionary martyr. Biography Early life and Communist activities Xu Linxia was born in Pi County, Jiangsu, in 1904 or 1905, and enrolled at the No. 1 Girls' Primary School. She attended the No. 3 Women's Normal School beginning in 1924. She was also known by the name Xu Lifang (), and was reported to have refused an arranged marriage in her youth. In 1925, during the First United Front that saw the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Qiyun
Song Qiyun (; 1904 – 6 September 1949) was a Chinese journalist and member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Born in Pi County, Jiangsu, to a poor family, he attended the but left teaching in 1926 to join the military. As a member of the CCP, he infiltrated the police to gather information on the Kuomintang (KMT) before ultimately joining the 17th Route Army under Yang Hucheng. In this capacity, he served as the editor-in-chief of the ''Northwest Cultural Daily'' from 1930 to 1937. Detained by the KMT in 1941, he was imprisoned with his wife Xu Linxia and youngest son Song Zhenzhong, with whom he was executed in 1949. Biography Early life Song was born to a peasant family in Gaotang Village, Pi County, Jiangsu, in 1904. His parents, though poor, saved enough money for him to attend Tushan Fengyang School beginning in 1917. Amidst the 4 May Movement, he began reading revolutionary materials. After graduating in 1920, he travelled to Qingjiang (now Huai'an) to attend the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Zhenzhong
Song Zhenzhong (; 15 March 1941 6 September 1949), popularly known as Little Radish Head (), was the son of Chinese Communist Party members Song Qiyun and Xu Linxia. Held by the Kuomintang for the majority of his life, he was killed together with his parents as part of a mass killing of detainees. He has been identified as "China's youngest martyr", and featured extensively in film and literature. He has also been commemorated with multiple monuments. Biography Song was born on 15 March 1941 in Xi'an, Shaanxi, to Song Qiyun and Xu Linxia, two members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) who had married in 1928. A former journalist reporting to General Yang Hucheng, Song Qiyun had edited the ''Northwest Cultural Daily'' and spoken against the direction of the Kuomintang (KMT) government under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. Xu Linxia, meanwhile, had led the women's branch of the CCP in Pi County, Jiangsu. Amidst the tensions remaining from the Chinese Civil War and the ongoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luo Shiwen
Luo Shiwen (, August 1904 18 August 1946) was a Chinese communist. Born in Weiyuan County, Sichuan, he became interested in communism during the May Fourth Movement before joining the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1923 and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1925. After three years in the Soviet Union, he returned to China in 1928 and was dispatched to advise General when his forces declared themselves part of the Red Army. After several victories against the Kuomintang (KMT), the communist forces were defeated at Kaijiang, and Luo was subsequently sent to provide training in the . He returned to Sichuan in 1937, working to develop a united front against the encroaching Imperial Japanese Army. Although a Second United Front was established between the KMT and CCP, Luo was arrested by the KMT in March 1940. Imprisoned first at Baigongguan, he was transferred to the Xifeng concentration camp and later led a secret CCP cell there. Luo was executed by the KMT on 18 August 194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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