Administration
The district of Jhelum, which covers an area of , Jhelum City is the main city of the district.Tehsils
District is administratively divided into fourUnion Councils
which are divided into 53 Union Councils.History
Early history
The history of the district dates back to the Hindu mythological period of theSultanate era
In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over theBritish era
During British rule, Jhelum was a district of Rawalpindi Division, and was larger than the current district of Jhelum. On 1 April 1904, the tehsil ofIndependence
The predominantly Muslim population supported under the leadership of Raja Ghazanfar Ali khan of PD KhanTopography
Jhelum City
The district capital, Jhelum City, is situated on the right and left bank of theRiver Jhelum
The river Jhelum is navigable throughout the district, which forms the south-eastern portion of a rugged Himalayan spur, extending between the Indus and Jhelum to the borders of the Sind Sagar Doab. Its scenery is very picturesque, although not of so wild a character as the mountain region of Rawalpindi to the north, and is lighted up in places by smiling patches of the cultivated valley. The backbone of the district is formed by the Salt Range, a treble line of parallel hills running in three long forks from east to west throughout its whole breadth. The range rises in precipices, broken by gorges, clothed with brushwood, and traversed by streams which are at first clear but become impregnated with the saline matter over which they pass. Between the line of hills lies a table-land, in which the small lake ofKhewra Salt Mine
The Khewra Salt Mine (or Mayo Salt Mine) is located in Khewra, north ofTilla Jogian
Tilla Jogian is the highest peak in the Eastern Salt Range. At 975 meters (3200 ft) above sea level, it is about 25 km to the west of Jhelum City and 10 km west of the model village ofRohtas Fort
Rohtas Fort (Qila Rohtas) is a historical garrison fort located near the city of Jhelum. It was built byAgriculture
Jhelum District has a total area of , out of which are cultivated. The area is located on the eastern part ofSports
The main sports of the area are centred on agricultural pursuits and excellence and include ''bugdar'' (stone) lifting by young men. A localised version ofFlora and fauna
Vegetation of the forests of Jhelum Forest Division is dry, deciduous shrub type, phulai, Kahu (wild olive), and sanatha are the main species. The stocking, on the whole, is poor and the forests are open. Vegetation is poor on sandstone and red marl. The southern slopes are often devoid of vegetation while northwestern slopes carry good forests. The forests of Jhelum Forests Division are burdened with the right of grazing, browsing, and firewood. Under settlement out of total area only about (45%) are right free. The remaining 55% are open to grazing. The fauna of the district is mostly indigenous restricted, like the vegetation, but similarly varied and interesting. The rugged and rough terrain, low rainfall, the scantly cover of vegetation, and the burning passions of the increasing number of hunters, all have their share in limiting the animal kingdom in the district. The river offers a better environment than elsewhere though the hills support more interesting wildlife. Urial (an animal from a deer family) and chinckara are spot aids while wild boar are found in the Salt Range. Wolves, foxes, and wild cats are also found. Hare is fairly common. Chikor grey and black partridge are also found in the parts of the district. Migratory ducks like teal pintail and mallard and some geese visit during winter.Climate
The climate of the tract is extreme. In winter it is very cold and summer is very hot. The average rainfall varies from 48 to 69 m.m per annum which is much below the required quantity but in the rainy season, the water torrents flow from north to the river Jhelum at a very fast speed and cause damages to the crops, bridges, roads, and are responsible for the soil erosion in the District. Over the years, global climate change has affected Jhelum as well as any other place on Earth and below comparison charts from Weatherbase show the difference in climate between 2008 and 2015:Demographics
At the time of the 2017 census the district had a population of 1,222,403, of which 601,406 were males and 620,862 females. Rural population is 868,106 (71.02%) while the urban population is 354,297 (28.98%). The literacy rate was 78.98%.Religion
As per the 2017 censusLanguage
At the time of the 2017 census, 86.54% of the population spoke Punjabi, 2.48%Development organizations
Rehmat Welfare Foundation Jhelum is a charity project working for poor and needy people of fifty-mile area including Jhelum which cannot afford the expenses of their daily life and very expensive general medical and kidney dialysis treatment. Civil Society Human and Institutional Development Program (CHIP) is working in Sohawa Tehsil since 2004, with its field office in the area CHIP has successfully mobilized community people to get organize into Community Based Organizations, Community Citizen Boards and Women Organizations. Further, CHIP has duly built the capacity of these local entities to take new initiatives. These community-level organizations, in collaborative partnerships with CHIP, are working on several development projects. The main focus of these projects is to eliminate illiteracy from villages of Sohawa especially those where government education structure does not exist, make clean drinking water available, provide technical support to the local farmers, raise skill development opportunities for women, and include them in the decision-making process, aiding social inclusion, so as to better represent the communities they live in. The local community-level organizations developed by CHIP are making successful efforts in implementing development projects by deriving funds from local government bodies.Universities, colleges and schools
* AIOU – Jhelum campus * Air Foundation School System Junior Branch (Near Al-Bilal Hotel) * Air Foundation School System, Jhelum (Boys & Girls) * Al Islam Sharia College Ketchehry Road Jhelum * Army Public School and College, Jhelum Cantt. * Army Public School and College, Mangla Cantt * Bahria Foundation College, GT Road, Jhelum * Beaconhouse School System, G T Road, Jhelum * Bukhari College of Science and Comm Jhelum * Cambridge College, 10-A Civil Lines, Jhelum * Cantonment Board CMB Model, Jhelum * Dar-e-Arqam School Muhammadi Chowk, Jehlum * Etekosoft Institute of Computer Sciences, Jhelum * Farabi Foundation Elementary School for Boys Mangla Road Dina Jhelum. * Farabi Foundation Elementary School for Girls Kalwantpur Dina Jhelum. * Farabi Foundation High School for Boys Dina Jhelum. * Farabi Foundation High School for Girls Dina Jhelum. * Fatima Jinnah Post Graduate Girls College, Jhelum Cantt * Fauji Foundation Degree College, PD Khan * Fauji Foundation Model School & College, Jhelum Cantt. * Federal Government College, Mangla Cantt * Global College of English Language, Bilal Town Jhelum * Government Al Bairuni Degree College, Pind Dadan Khan * Government College for Women, Jhelum * Government College of Commerce, Bilal Town, Jhelum * Government College of Education, Jhelum * Government College of Technology, Chak Daulat * Government College of technology, Chak Daulat, Jhelum * Government College. G.T. Road, Jhelum * Government Degree College for Women, Sanghoi * Government Degree College, Dina * Government Degree College, Jhelum * Government Degree College, Sohawa * Government Girls College, Jalalpur Sharif * Government Institute of Commerce (W), Sohawa * Government Institute of Commerce, Pind Dadan Khan * Government Model High School Madu Kalas * Government Model High School Ratwal, Pind Dadan Khan * Government Model High School, Bair Faqiran * Government Noor Mudrassa Tul Banat Girls School, established since 1944 * Government Post Graduate College, Jhelum * Government Tabligh ul Islam secondary school, Jhelum * International Islamic University Islamabad Schools, Jhelum * Jhelum College of Education, Jhelum * Jhelum Homeopathic Medical College, GT Road, Jada * Jinnah College of Commerce & Computer Science, Jhelum * Jinnah College of Commerce, Dina * Jinnah Law College, Jhelum * Litra Valley Girls College, Jango * Lyceumhouse School System Karimpur Road, Jhelum. * PICS, Bilal town *Notable people
* Maj. Muhammad Akram,See also
* Gharmala * Dhanyala * Noor Pur Baghan * Shamaspur * Chak Jamal * Chak Khasa * Dhok MasyalReferences
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