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Salt Range
The Salt Range ( pnb, ) is a mountain range in the north of Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. The range extends along the south of the Potohar Plateau and the north of the Jhelum River. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Khewra, Kalabagh and Warcha which yield vast supplies of salt. Coal of a medium quality is also found. In the Himalayan and Salt Range, rock containing fossil of marine life go back to the Ediacaran period (up to 570 million years ago), which shows these rocks have developed out of sea sediments, and that where we have the Himalayas now was once a sea. *Sakaser is the highest peak of Salt Range. *Namal Lake, Khabikki Lake and Uchhali Lake are lakes in the Salt Range. History An inscription found at Kura in the Salt Range records the building of a Buddhist monastery by a person named Rotta Siddhavriddhi during the reign of the Huna ruler Toramana. The donor expresses the wish that the religious mer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jhelum District
Jhelum District (Urdu and pnb, ), is partially in Pothohar Plateau, and partially in Punjab Plain of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Jhelum is one of the oldest districts of Punjab. It was established on 23 March 1849. According to the 1998 census, the district had a population of 936,957, of which 31.48% were urban. Jhelum District has a diverse population of 1,103,000 (2006). Jhelum is known for providing many soldiers to the British and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as 'city of soldiers' or 'land of martyrs and warriors'. The district of Jhelum stretches from the river Jhelum almost to the Indus. Salt is quarried at the Mayo mine in the Salt Range. There are two coal mines in the district from which the North-Western railway obtains parts of its supply. These are the only coal mines in Punjab province which are in working condition. The chief center of the salt trade is Pind Dadan Khan. The district is crossed by the main line of the North ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. Many significant coal deposits are younger than this and originate from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Coal is used primarily as a fuel. While coal has been known and used for thousands of years, its usage was limited until the Industrial Revolution. With the invention of the steam engine, coal consumption increased. In 2020, coal supplied about a quarter of the world's primary energy and over a third of its electricity. Some iron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinji National Park
Chinji National Park (shortened as Chinji), established in 1987, is a protected area of IUCN category II ( national park) located on Sargodha road in Talagang Tehsil, Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It covers a total area of . Chinji National Park is located close to Salt Range, about 130 km from Islamabad in the south. Landscape The area has an elevation imperial of 2,231 feet (680 m). Deeply eroded land of Chinji consists of sandstone to igneous rocks, combined with small deposits of rock salt from the Salt Range. Deep torrential streams and ravines slope into the Soan River, which passes through the area. Climate Average annual rainfall in the area is 537 mm, out of which 308 mm is in the monsoon season from July to September. Maximum temperature is 27 °C in June and minimum is 2.2 °C in January. Frost is common in winter season. Relative humidity can reach up to 80% in monsoon. Wildlife The Chinji National Park exhibits the biome of deserts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chumbi Surla Wildlife Sanctuary
Chumbi Surla Wildlife Sanctuary (shortened as Chumbi Surla) is a wildlife sanctuary covering an area of . It is located in Khushab District and Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It was established in 1978, for the purpose of conserving the threatened species of urial among several other. Habitat The area is surrounded by reserve forests and hills. Average altitude ranges between 460-1050 m above the sea level. Temperature is between 10-40°C while average annual rainfall is 4994 mm. The forest supports scrub biome having dry subtropical evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ... vegetation. External linksProfile at WDPA [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janjua
The Janjua (also spelt janjua'', Junjua, Janjuah'') is a Rajput clan found predominantly in Pakistan's Punjab Pothohar Plateau. History Connection with the Hindu Shahis The 10th century Arab historian Masudi mentioned that in his time the kings of Gandhara were all called "" (which has been variously read ''Hajaj'', ''J.haj'' or ''Ch'hach''), while the area of Gandhara itself was called "country of the ''Rahbūt''" (Rajputs). Elliot transliterated the character to "Hahaj" and Cunningham had it equated to the Janjua tribe/clan, who were held to be descendants of Juan-Juan Khaganate. Rahman doubts this theory and instead transliterates to "J.haj", an Arabicised form of ''Chhachh'', which is even today the name of the region around the Hindu Shahi capital of Hund. Delhi Sultanate Period The Janjuas were allies of the Mongols during the reign of Balban, who launched a punitive expedition to the region, capturing a large number of horses. The author of the Tarikh-i Mubarak Shahi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gakhars
The Gakhar are a Punjabi clan found predominantly in the Jhelum District and Gujranwala District in Punjab province of Pakistan. The Gakhars now predominantly follow Islam after conversion from Hinduism during the Islamic rule of north India. Medieval history The Gakhars had engaged in a long-running struggle for sovereignty over the Salt Range. After the arrival of Muhammad of Ghor to medieval India, the Gakhars converted from Hinduism to Islam. See also * Sarang Gakhar, Chief of Gakhars * List of Punjabi tribes * Gakhar Mandi Ghakhar Mandi ( pa, ) is a city in the Gujranwala District of Pakistan, located between Wazirabad to the northwest and Gujranwala to the southeast. It is central to 33 villages, and the home of Pakistan's second-largest electrical grid. Ghakhar ... References Further reading *''Gakkhar'', A. S Bazmee Ansari, in ''Encyclopedia of Islam'', 2nd ed.,Edited by J.H.Kramers et al., E.J Brill, Leiden, pp. 972–74. {{Authority control Punjabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khokhar
Khokhar are a Punjabi community native to Pothohar Plateau of Pakistan, and the adjoining areas of India. Khokhars now predominantly follow Islam, though a minority continue to follow Hinduism. Many Khokhars converted to Islam from Hinduism after coming under the influence of Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar. The Persian historian of the medieval period, Firishta, has called the then Khokhar people a "barbaric race without religion and morality". History Muhammad Ghori undertook many campaigns against the Khokhars in Punjab before he was assassinated by the Khokhars at Dhamiak located in the Salt Range in March 1206. Under Delhi Sultanate In 1240 CE, Razia, daughter of Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, and her husband, Altunia, attempted to recapture the throne from her brother, Muizuddin Bahram Shah. She is reported to have led an army composed mostly of mercenaries from the Khokhars of Punjab. From 1246 to 1247, Balban mounted an expedition as far as the Salt Range to eliminate the K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awan (tribe)
Awan ( Punjabi and ur, ) is a tribe living predominantly in the northern, central, and western parts of Pakistani Punjab, with significant numbers also present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir, and to a lesser extent in Sindh and Balochistan. History Jamal J. Elias notes that the Awans believe themselves to be of Arab origin, descended from Ali ibn Abu Talib and that the claim of Arab descent gives them "high status in the Indian Muslim environment". Christophe Jaffrelot says: People of the Awan community have a strong presence in the Pakistani Army and a notable martial tradition. They were listed as an "agricultural tribe" by the British Raj in 1925, a term that was then synonymous with classification as a "martial race". Notable people * Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan – Former Nawab of Kalabagh, Chief of the Awan tribe and Governor of West Pakistan from 1960 to 1966. * Air Marshal Nur Khan – Commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Air Force, 1965–69, Governor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kura Inscription Of Toramana
Rúben de Almeida Barbeiro (born August 21, 1987 in Leiria), better known as KURA, is a Portuguese electro house music DJ and producer. Kura has released tracks through labels such as Hardwell's Revealed Recordings, Flashover Recordings, Musical Freedom, Spinnin' Records, among others. Career In the early 2000s, he started following the club scene and by 2005 Kura would play on a DJ booth while working at a skate shop near Lisbon and eventually gigs in Cascais's club Coconuts. His first DJ residency came along and he became Bahaus resident DJ for 3 years. His first bootleg was a hit among his peers – Sidney Samson's "Work It" on Hardwell's remix crossed with Bob Marley followed by his first original track, "Russian Guitar" that was picked up by the Portuguese label, Kaos Records. He was invited to play as a resident DJ at Lisbon’s Kapital, and then at the summer club, Tamariz, and then to Gossip, a major club in Lisbon. He also focused on a freelance career, and more invit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toramana
Toramana also called Toramana Shahi Jauvla ( Gupta script: ''Toramāṇa'', ruled circa 493-515 CE) was a king of the Alchon Huns who ruled in northern India in the late 5th and the early 6th century CE. Toramana consolidated the Hephthalite power in Punjab (present-day Pakistan and northwestern India), and conquered northern and central India including Eran in Madhya Pradesh. Toramana used the title "Great King of Kings" (''Mahārājadhirāja'' ), equivalent to "Emperor", in his inscriptions, such as the Eran boar inscription. The Sanjeli inscription of Toramana speaks of his conquest and control over Malwa and Gujarat. His territory also included Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Kashmir. He probably went as far as Kausambi, where one of his seals was discovered. According to the Rīsthal inscription, discovered in 1983, the Aulikara king Prakashadharma of Malwa defeated him.Ojha, N.K. (2001). ''The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions'', Chandigarh: Arun Publish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hephthalite
The Hephthalites ( xbc, ηβοδαλο, translit= Ebodalo), sometimes called the White Huns (also known as the White Hunas, in Iranian as the ''Spet Xyon'' and in Sanskrit as the ''Sveta-huna''), were a people who lived in Central Asia during the 5th to 8th centuries CE. They formed an empire, the Imperial Hephthalites, and were militarily important from 450 CE, when they defeated the Kidarites, to 560 CE, when combined forces from the First Turkic Khaganate and the Sasanian Empire defeated them. After 560 CE, they established "principalities" in the area of Tokharistan, under the suzerainty of the Western Turks (in the areas north of the Oxus) and of the Sasanian Empire (in the areas south of the Oxus), before the Tokhara Yabghus took over in 625. The Imperial Hephthalites, based in Bactria, expanded eastwards to the Tarim Basin, westwards to Sogdia and southwards through Afghanistan, but they never went beyond the Hindu-Kush, which was occupied by the Alchon Huns, previously m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uchhali Lake
Uchhali ( ur, اوچھالی) is a saltwater lake in Soan Sakaser Valley in the southern Salt Range area in Pakistan. This lake is formed due to the absence of drainage in the range. Sakaser, the highest mountain in the Salt Range at , looms over the lake. Due to its saline water the lake is lifeless but offers picturesque scenery. Boats are available. See also * Khabikki Lake * Uchhali Complex Uchhali Complex is located in Khushab District, Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab, Pakistan. Uchhali Complex includes three brackish to saline lakes: Khabikki Lake, Uchhali Lake and Jahlar Lakes. It was designated a Ramsar site on March 22, 1996. Faun ... References * {{commonscat, Uchali Lake Lakes of Punjab (Pakistan) Tourist attractions in Punjab, Pakistan Khushab District ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
