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''Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet'' is a St Mark Passion which originated in the early 18th century and is most often attributed to
Reinhard Keiser Reinhard Keiser (9 January 1674 – 12 September 1739) was a German opera composer based in Hamburg. He wrote over a hundred operas. Johann Adolf Scheibe (writing in 1745) considered him an equal to Johann Kuhnau, George Frideric Handel and Georg ...
. It may also have been composed by his father Gottfried or by
Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns or Brauns (11 February 1637 in Lollfuß – 13 March 1718 in Hamburg) was a German composer and music director in Hamburg. Bruhns was born in Lollfuß, Schleswig. In 1682 he succeeded Nicolaus Adam Strungk in charge ...
.
Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the '' Brandenburg Concertos''; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard wo ...
produced three performance versions of the Passion, the last of which is a
pasticcio In music, a ''pasticcio'' or ''pastiche'' is an opera or other musical work composed of works by different composers who may or may not have been working together, or an adaptation or localization of an existing work that is loose, unauthorized, o ...
with arias from George Frideric Handel's '' Brockes Passion''. There are two other extant 18th-century versions of the Passion, both of them independent of Bach's versions. The Passion was performed in at least three cities in the first half of the 18th century: in Hamburg in 1707 and 1711, in Weimar around 1712, and in Leipzig in 1726 and around 1747.


History

The passion was probably composed around 1705 by Gottfried Keiser,Bach Digital Work at by his son Reinhard,NBA 2000 (score edition) or by Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns.Reinmar Emans, Sven Hiemke ''Bach-Handbuch. Bachs Oratorien, Passionen und Motetten'' 2000 Page 26 "Die einzige überlieferte Kopie dieses Werkes, das nach neueren Forschungen auch dem Hamburger Kantor Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns (Brauns) zugeschrieben wird, stammt zum größten Teil von der Hand Bachs; Bach hat das Werk ..." The 18th-century scores of the composition don't always indicate a composer, but the name of Reinhard Keiser or "Kaiser" is found there. The work can also be considered as an anonymous composition. The music of this passion is known from Bach's three versions, from an anonymous manuscript score that originated in or around Hamburg, and from another anonymous manuscript score that is conserved in the county of
Hohenstein, Thuringia Hohenstein is a municipality in the district of Nordhausen, in Thuringia, Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, ...
. No libretto author for the original work is known. Also for the later arrangements text authors are largely unknown, except for the pasticcio parts by Handel based on the '' Brockes Passion'' by
Barthold Heinrich Brockes Barthold Heinrich Brockes (September 22, 1680 – January 16, 1747) was a German poet. He was born in Hamburg and educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums. He studied jurisprudence at Halle, and after extensive travels in Italy, France a ...
.


1707–1714: Hamburg and Weimar

The oldest record of ''Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet'' is a staging in the Cathedral (Dom) of Hamburg in 1707. Shortly before the end of the 20th century a printed libretto of that performance, and that of a repeat performance in 1711, were rediscovered. These performances were directed by Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns (also spelled: Brauns), the music director of the Hamburg Cathedral from 1685 to 1718, hence the association of the Passion setting with this composer. Possibly the versions performed in Hamburg in 1707 and 1711 were adapted from an earlier lost version, maybe not even composed for Hamburg. The earliest extant copy of the music of the Passion was produced by Johann Sebastian Bach for performance in Weimar around 1712. Which model was used by Bach is not known: it may have differed from the scores used in Hamburg. Bach's adjustments to the score he had before him were probably minor. The libretto has the Biblical text interspersed with free verse and chorale texts. The chorale texts are taken from " Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit" by
Albert, Duke of Prussia Albert of Prussia (german: Albrecht von Preussen; 17 May 149020 March 1568) was a German prince who was the 37th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, who after converting to Lutheranism, became the first ruler of the Duchy of Prussia, the s ...
(verse 1), "
Christus, der uns selig macht "" (literally: Christ who makes us blessed) is a German Lutheran Passion hymn in eight stanzas in German by Michael Weiße, written in 1531 as a translation of the Latin hymn "Patris Sapientia" to an older melody of the Bohemian Brethren. The hy ...
" by
Michael Weiße Michael Weiße or Weisse ( – 19 March 1534) was a German theologian, Protestant reformer and hymn writer. First a Franciscan, he joined the Bohemian Brethren. He published the most extensive early Protestant hymnal in 1531, supplying most hymn ...
(Verse 8), "
O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''o'' (pronounced ), pl ...
" by
Paul Gerhardt Paul Gerhardt (12 March 1607 – 27 May 1676) was a German theologian, Lutheran minister and hymnodist. Biography Gerhardt was born into a middle-class family at Gräfenhainichen, a small town between Halle and Wittenberg. His father died in ...
(verses 9 and 10), and "
O Traurigkeit, o Herzeleid Gottfried Vopelius (28 January 1645 – 3 February 1715), was a German Lutheran academic and hymn-writer, mainly active in Leipzig. He was born in Herwigsdorf, now a district of Rosenbach, Oberlausitz, and died in Leipzig at the age of 70. Rober ...
" by
Johann Rist Johann Rist (8 March 1607 – 31 August 1667) was a German poet and dramatist best known for his hymns, which inspired musical settings and have remained in hymnals. Life Rist was born at Ottensen in Holstein-Pinneberg (today Hamburg) on 8 Marc ...
. Unlike Passions for instance written for Leipzig, there is no division of the work into two parts. Voices:Carus 1997 (score edition) * Evangelist: tenor * Jesus: bass * Peter: tenor * Judas: alto * High priest: alto * Ancilla (maid): soprano * Pilate: tenor * Soldier: alto * Centurion: alto * Solo arias (and chorale No. 23 (42)) for soprano, for alto, for tenor and for bass * Choir:
SATB SATB is an initialism that describes the scoring of compositions for choirs, and also choirs (or consorts) of instruments. The initials are for the voice types: S for soprano, A for alto, T for tenor and B for bass. Choral music Four-part harm ...
Orchestra: * Winds: ** Oboes I (also used in No. 30) and II * Strings: ** Violins I and II ** Violas I and II * Basso continuo (bassoon; 2 cellos, bass; organ/harpsichord)


1707/1711 Hamburg version

The original version of the Passion would have been composed around 1705. Its first Hamburg performance took place in the Cathedral in 1707, under the direction of Bruhns, who also conducted the Hamburg performance of 1711.


Bach's Weimar version

Bach's first version, BC 5a, originated in the early 1710s in Weimar. Whether he changed anything to the original is uncertain, but the arrangement of the "O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn" and "O Traurigkeit, o Herzeleid" chorales is usually attributed to him. Possibly he also composed the first "Symphonia" (No. 10 8, which is only found in Bach's versions.


Bach's Leipzig versions

Bach performed ''Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet'' twice in a Good Friday service in Leipzig.


1726

Bach staged the passion in a new version, BC 5b, in 1726 in Leipzig. The order of service in Leipzig requested passions in two parts: apparently for this reason Bach added the chorale "So gehst du nun, mein Jesu", BWV 500a, as a conclusion for the first part. In this version he also slightly modified the "O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn" and "O Traurigkeit, o Herzeleid" chorale settings.


Late 1740s

Bach combined the passion with seven arias from Handel's ''Brockes Passion'' for a new performance around 1747. Some of these arias replaced movements of the preceding version, other arias were inserted without replacing earlier material. This pasticcio version is known as BNB I/K/2.


Pasticcios deriving from the original and/or Hamburg version

There are two known pasticcio versions of the passion, independent of Bach's three versions.


Combined with two passion-oratorios by Reinhard Keiser

D-Gs 8, o Cod. Ms. philos. 84, e: Keiser 1
is a pasticcio based on ''Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet'' and two Passion-Oratorios by Reinhard Keiser: his ''Brockes-Passion'' setting (1712) and his ''Der zum Tode verurteilte und gekreuzigte Jesus'', published in Berlin in 1715.


Hamburg 1729

D-B Mus. ms. 11471
is a manuscript representing a pasticcio version of the St. Mark passion-oratorio which originated in or around Hamburg in 1729. In this manuscript the Passion is attributed to Reinhard Keiser. Like the previous, also this pasticcio is completely independent from Bach's versions.


Bach's versions

Bach held deep regard for the chief Hanseatic League cities of
Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...
and
Lübeck Lübeck (; Low German also ), officially the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (german: Hansestadt Lübeck), is a city in Northern Germany. With around 217,000 inhabitants, Lübeck is the second-largest city on the German Baltic coast and in the state ...
throughout his life. In his mid and late teen years, he had opportunities to visit both cities while a student at St. Michael's Church School,
Lüneburg Lüneburg (officially the ''Hanseatic City of Lüneburg'', German: ''Hansestadt Lüneburg'', , Low German ''Lümborg'', Latin ''Luneburgum'' or ''Lunaburgum'', Old High German ''Luneburc'', Old Saxon ''Hliuni'', Polabian ''Glain''), also called ...
(a period from 1700 to 1702). From November 1705 to February 1706, he again made the trip north from Arnstadt to Lübeck (and possibly to Hamburg as well). He again visited Hamburg in 1720 to try out for the position of Organist at the Jakobikirche, a visit during which he won the rarely afforded praise of the aged
Johann Adam Reincken Johann Adam Reincken (also ''Jan Adams, Jean Adam'', ''Reinken, Reinkinck, Reincke, Reinicke, Reinike''; baptized 10 December 1643 – 24 November 1722) was a Dutch/German organist and composer. He was one of the most important composers of the ...
. It is possible that he became acquainted with a work during his earlier visits to Hamburg that would occupy a central place in his musical library for the rest of his life. The manuscripts for the Weimar version (BC 5a) and the first Leipzig version (BC 5b) are:
D-B Mus. ms. 11471/1
– a 45-page set of parts in the hands of Bach, Anonymous Weimar I ( Johann Martin Schubart), Johann Heinrich Bach, Anonymous Weimar III, and Christian Gottlob Meißner. The title page of this one bears the inscription "Passion Christi / secundum Marcum orrected from "Matthäum"/ à 5 Strom 4 Voci / di Sigre / R. orrected from ?Kaiser" in the hand of Meißner. This set of parts came into Emanuel Bach's possession after Sebastian's death, at whose death it was purchased (among other Bachiana) by Georg Pölchau, from whom it went into the possession of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. This collective manuscript consists of: ** score parts written in Weimar (ca. 1713) (parts by Bach, Schubart, Anon. W 3). Parts consist of
Violin The violin, sometimes known as a '' fiddle'', is a wooden chordophone ( string instrument) in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and thus highest-pitched instrument ( soprano) in the family in regu ...
I, II;
Viola ; german: Bratsche , alt=Viola shown from the front and the side , image=Bratsche.jpg , caption= , background=string , hornbostel_sachs=321.322-71 , hornbostel_sachs_desc=Composite chordophone sounded by a bow , range= , related= *Violin family ...
I, II; Continuo (Cembalo { Harpsichord)); Soprano; Alto;
Tenor A tenor is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. The tenor's vocal range extends up to C5. The low extreme for tenors is wide ...
; Bass (voice type) ** score parts written in Leipzig (1726) (parts by Bach, Heinrich Bach, Meißner). Parts consist of Continuo (transposed); Soprano; Alto; Tenor I, II; Bass
D-B N. Mus. ms. 10624
– a 57-page score
Wilhelm Rust Wilhelm Rust (August 15, 1822 – May 2, 1892) was a German musicologist and composer. He is most noted today for his substantial contributions to the Bach Gesellschaft edition of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach. Born in Dessau, Rust studied ...
derived from the previous in the 19th century. He titled this reconstructed score "Dr. Rust / Passion / nach dem Evangelium / St. Marcus / componirt / von ?" and on page 2 "Passion nach dem Ev. Marcus / Aus J. S. Bach's größtentheils eigenhändig geschriebenen Stimmen / in Partitur gesetzt / von / Dr. Wilhelm Rust, Cantor zu St. Thomas / in Leipzig". This is the main source for Bach's Weimar version of ''Jesus Christus ist um unser Missetat willen verwundet''. These sources remain possibly incomplete. Whether any of the sources mentioned above represent the original form of the work is also doubtful. Even instrumentation is questionable. The
oboe The oboe ( ) is a type of double reed woodwind instrument. Oboes are usually made of wood, but may also be made of synthetic materials, such as plastic, resin, or hybrid composites. The most common oboe plays in the treble or soprano range. ...
solo part required for some of the movements is included in the
violin The violin, sometimes known as a '' fiddle'', is a wooden chordophone ( string instrument) in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and thus highest-pitched instrument ( soprano) in the family in regu ...
I part, which means that it is possible that the violin I player(s) were intended to be used for these parts as well, or that possibly the oboe parts are missing (meaning that there were one or even two oboe players intended for the work). Also noticeably missing is a figured organ part, a bassoon part, a
violoncello The cello ( ; plural ''celli'' or ''cellos'') or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed (sometimes plucked and occasionally hit) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually tuned in perfect fifths: from low to high, C2, G2, D ...
part, and a part for
viol The viol (), viola da gamba (), or informally gamba, is any one of a family of bowed, fretted, and stringed instruments with hollow wooden bodies and pegboxes where the tension on the strings can be increased or decreased to adjust the pitc ...
. The lack of an organ part has been variously explained by the fact that from the middle of 1712 until, probably, 1714, the Organ of the Weimar Schloßkirche (the ''Himmelsburg'') was being renovated. Bach's third version (BNB I/K/2) can be reconstructed from the above, from Handel's ''Brockes Passion'', and:
D-B N. Mus. ms. 468
the harpsichord part for this pasticcio (Part by
Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach (21 June 1732 – 26 January 1795) was a harpsichordist and composer, the fifth son of Johann Sebastian Bach, sometimes referred to as the "Bückeburg Bach". Born in Leipzig in the Electorate of Saxony, he was ...
with figures by J. S. Bach dating from 1743 to 1748)
Privatbesitz C. Thiele, BWV deest (NBA Serie II:5)
a fragment of the Bassoon part in Bach's handwriting (dating from 1743 to 1748). The Bassoon part is for one of the Handel arias in the pasticcio.


Bach's fifth Passion?

Bach's ''Nekrolog'' (obituary) was published in 1754 by
Lorenz Christoph Mizler Lorenz Christoph Mizler von Kolof (also known as Wawrzyniec Mitzler de Kolof and Mitzler de Koloff; 26 July 1711 – 8 May 1778) was a German physician, historian, printer, mathematician, Baroque music composer, and precursor of the Enlightenme ...
. Its authors, Bach's son
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (8 March 1714 – 14 December 1788), also formerly spelled Karl Philipp Emmanuel Bach, and commonly abbreviated C. P. E. Bach, was a German Classical period musician and composer, the fifth child and sec ...
and his former pupil
Johann Friedrich Agricola Johann Friedrich Agricola (4 January 1720 – 2 December 1774) was a German composer, organist, singer, pedagogue, and writer on music. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Flavio Anicio Olibrio. Biography Agricola was born in Dobitschen, Thu ...
, indicated in the list of unpublished works, pp. 168–169 of the ''Nekrolog'', that Bach would have written five Passions. Four of these are easily identified, they were listed as Nos. 244–247 in the
Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis The (BWV; ; ) is a catalogue of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was first published in 1950, edited by Wolfgang Schmieder. The catalogue's second edition appeared in 1990. An abbreviated version of that second edition, known as BWV ...
. As for the fifth Passion it is unclear which composition may have been meant by the authors of the ''Nekrolog''. ''Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet'' as arranged and expanded by Bach is one of the more likely candidates, along with the somewhat elusive ''
Weimarer Passion The ''Weimarer Passion'', BWV deest ( BC D 1), is a hypothetical Passion oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach, thought to have possibly been performed on Good Friday 26 March 1717 at Gotha on the basis of a payment of 12 Thaler on 12 April 1717 to ...
'', and '' Wer ist der, so von Edom kömmt'', a pasticcio including a few movements by Bach (although it is unclear whether Bach actively contributed to this pasticcio – possibly it was not assembled until after the composer's death).


Weimar, 1710–1714 (BC D 5a)

No evidence exists that Bach was required (in his official duties) to provide Passion music for his early posts in Weimar (1703), Arnstadt (1703–1707), Mühlhausen (1707–1708), and Weimar (1708–1717). However, he did receive requests to do so on two occasions: once on commission by
Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (14 April 1699 – 10 March 1772), was a duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Biography He was born in Gotha, the eldest son of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerb ...
(resulting in the so-called ''
Weimarer Passion The ''Weimarer Passion'', BWV deest ( BC D 1), is a hypothetical Passion oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach, thought to have possibly been performed on Good Friday 26 March 1717 at Gotha on the basis of a payment of 12 Thaler on 12 April 1717 to ...
'' (BWV deest, BC D 1), and another resulting in his first version of ''Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet''. The origins of the commission for this work (BWV deest, BC D 5a) are unknown. All documentary material for Bach's time in Weimar during this period (1708–1717) were destroyed in a 1774 fire that consumed the palace that Bach was employed in during this period, the Wilhelmsburg.Wolff, Christoph. Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician. New York: W W Norton and Company, 2000. p. 134. The only evidence that has come down is a set of performance parts archived in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (SBB). There are many questions still surrounding this work. Many scholars question whether the set of parts that we have are complete. Even the dating is questionable. Originally, scholars assigned the dating to Good Friday (14 April) 1713,Glöckner, Andreas. "Johann Sebastian Bachs Aufführungen zeitgenösischer Passionsmusiken". Bach-Jahrbuch 63 (1977). p. 77. but is now put down to Good Friday (25 March) 1712 or even a year or two earlier., or even Good Friday (30 March) 1714 The work is in 32 movements, of which two were composed by Bach (No. 14 "O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn", BDW and No. 29 "O Traurigkeit, o Herzeleid", BDW ):Grob, Jochem. Text-, Liedvorlagen, Bibelkonkordanzen und Besetzungsangaben zu den geistlichen Kantaten, Oratorien & Passionen Johann Sebastian Bachs. Taken 22 February 2011 from http://www.s-line.de/homepages/bachdiskographie/kaneins/geistliche_kantaten_eins_frame.html . #Sonata and Chorus: ''Jesus Christus ist um unser Missetat willen verwundet'' #Recitative (
Evangelist Evangelist may refer to: Religion * Four Evangelists, the authors of the canonical Christian Gospels * Evangelism, publicly preaching the Gospel with the intention of spreading the teachings of Jesus Christ * Evangelist (Anglican Church), a c ...
,
Jesus Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/ Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religiou ...
, Petrus): ''Und da sie den Lobgesang gesprochen hatten'' #Aria ( soprano, basso continuo): ''Will dich die Angst betreten'' #Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus): ''Und nahm zu sich Petrus und Jakobus und Johannes'' #Chorale: ''Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus): ''Und kam und fand sie schlafend'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Judas): ''Und alsbald, da er noch redet'' #Aria (
tenor A tenor is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. The tenor's vocal range extends up to C5. The low extreme for tenors is wide ...
,
violin The violin, sometimes known as a '' fiddle'', is a wooden chordophone ( string instrument) in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and thus highest-pitched instrument ( soprano) in the family in regu ...
s, continuo): ''Wenn nun der Leib wird sterben müssen'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus): ''Die aber legten ihre Hände an ihn'' #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und die Jünger verließen ihn alle und flohen'' #:Chorus: ''Wir haben gehöret'' #: Recitative (Evangelist, Hohenpriester, Jesus): ''Aber ihr Zeugnis stimmet noch nicht überein'' #: Chorus: ''Weissage uns!'' #: Recitative (Evangelist, Magd, Petrus): ''Und die Knechte schlugen ihn in's Angesicht'' #: Chorus: ''Wahrlich, du bist der einer'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Petrus): ''Er aber fing an sich zu verfluchen und zu schwören'' #Aria (tenor, violins, continuo): ''Wein, ach wein jetzt um die Wette'' #Sinfonia #Recitative (Evangelist, Pilatus, Jesus): ''Und Bald am Morgen'' # Aria ( alto, violins, continuo): ''Klaget nur, ihr Kläger hier'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Pilatus): ''Jesus aber antwortete nichts mehr'' #:Chorus: ''Kreuzige ihn!'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Pilatus): ''Pilatus aber sprach zu ihnen'' #:Chorus: ''Kreuzige ihn!'' # Chorale: ''O hilf Christe, Gottes Sohn'' #Sinfonia # #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Pilatus aber gedachte'' #: Chorus: ''Gegrüßet seist du'' #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und schlugen ihm das Haupt mit dem Rohr'' # Aria ( bass (voice type), violins, continuo): ''O süßes Kreuz'' #Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und sie brachten ihn an die Stätte Golgatha'' # Aria (soprano,
oboe The oboe ( ) is a type of double reed woodwind instrument. Oboes are usually made of wood, but may also be made of synthetic materials, such as plastic, resin, or hybrid composites. The most common oboe plays in the treble or soprano range. ...
or violin I, continuo): ''O Golgotha!'' #Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und da sie ihn gekreuziget hatten'' # Aria (alto, continuo): ''Was seh' ich hier'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und es war oben über ihm geschrieben'' #: Chorus: ''Pfui dich''* ''Textvariante: Seht doch''#:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Desselbengleichen die Hohenpriester'' #:Chorus: ''Er hat anderen geholfen'' #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und die mit ihm gekreuzigte waren'' #: Arioso (Jesus): ''Eli, Eli, lama asabthani?'' #: Recitative (Evangelist): ''Das ist verdolmetschet'' #: Chorus: ''Siehe, er rufet den Elias.'' #: Recitative (Evangelist, Kriegsknecht): ''Da lief einer'' #Chorale (alto, continuo): ''Wenn ich einmal soll scheiden'' #Aria (soprano, tenor, violins, continuo): ''Seht, Menschenkinder, seht'' # Sinfonia # Recitative (Evangelist, Hauptmann): ''Und der Vorhang im Tempel zeriß in zwei Stück'' #Aria (alto, violins,
viola ; german: Bratsche , alt=Viola shown from the front and the side , image=Bratsche.jpg , caption= , background=string , hornbostel_sachs=321.322-71 , hornbostel_sachs_desc=Composite chordophone sounded by a bow , range= , related= *Violin family ...
s, continuo): ''Dein Jesus hat das Haupt geneiget'' #Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und er kaufte eine Leinwand'' #Chorale: ''O Traurigkeit'' #Chorale: ''O selig ist'' #Chorale: ''O Jesu du'' # Chorale: ''Amen.'' Christian Friedrich Henrici, the man who would later provide Bach with many of his cantata and
oratorio An oratorio () is a large musical composition for orchestra, choir, and soloists. Like most operas, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an instrumental ensemble, various distinguishable characters, and arias. However, opera is ...
texts, would use the text for Movement 9 (slightly altered) in one of his own collections (entitled ''Sammlung Erbaulicher Gedanken über und auf die gewöhnlichen Sonn- u. Fest-Tage, in gebundener Schreib-Art entworffen''). The two Bach additions (Movements 14 and 29) are catalogued as BWV deest serie II: 02 and 03.


Leipzig 1726 (BC D 5b)

Nearly three years into his post as "''
Cantor (church) In Christianity, the cantor, sometimes called the precentor or the protopsaltes (; from ), is the chief singer, and usually instructor, employed at a church, with responsibilities for the choir and the preparation of the Mass or worship service ...
'' of the
Thomasschule zu Leipzig St. Thomas School, Leipzig (german: Thomasschule zu Leipzig; la, Schola Thomana Lipsiensis) is a co-educational and public boarding school in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. It was founded by the Augustinians in 1212 and is one of the oldest schools i ...
and ''Directoris Chori musici'' in
Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...
", Bach ran into a quandary. He had begun and nearly completed a score for a ''St Matthew Passion'', a project which he began in 1725 but put aside for a revival of his ''St John Passion'', when he again for some unknown reason set aside the project (he would complete it and first perform his ''St Matthew Passion'' on 11 April 1727). Instead he decided to revive his Weimar pastiche. This work was performed on 19 April 1726. For this work, he changed two movements (Nos. 14 and 29 of the Weimar work) and, to fit it to the Church Ordinance for Good Friday Vespers services in Leipzig, he split it into two parts by adding a
chorale Chorale is the name of several related musical forms originating in the music genre of the Lutheran chorale: * Hymn tune of a Lutheran hymn (e.g. the melody of "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme"), or a tune in a similar format (e.g. one of the th ...
. The violin I part for this work (BWV deest, BC D 5b) is missing in all his new additions (and has been reconstructed), but on the whole, the parts are more complete. This work has come down to us in the form of a vocal score and parts set dating from before 1726 in the hands of
Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the '' Brandenburg Concertos''; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard wo ...
, Christian Gottlob Meißner, and Johann Heinrich Bach, and is currently stored in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin under the Catalogue number D B Mus. ms. 11471/2. The title page (like the Weimar one) reads "Passion Christi / secundum Marcum orrigiert aus Matthäum/ à 5 Strom 4 Voci / di Sigre / R. Kaiser." In this version the following parts are by Bach: * No. 9b: "So gehst du nun, mein Jesu", BWV 500a, BDW . * No. 14: "O hilf Christe, Gottes Sohn", BWV 1084, BDW , which is a variant of the setting included in the Weimar version. * No. 29: "O Traurigkeit, o Herzeleid", BDW , which is a variant of the setting used in the Weimar version The sequence of movements in this version is as follows: Prima Parte #Sonata and Chorus: ''Jesus Christus ist um unser Missetat willen verwundet'' #Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus, Petrus): ''Und da sie den Lobgesang gesprochen hatten'' #Aria (soprano, basso continuo): ''Will dich die Angst betreten'' # Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus): ''Und nahm zu sich Petrus und Jakobus und Johannes'' #Chorale: ''Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus): ''Und kam und fand sie schlafend'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Judas): ''Und alsbald, da er noch redet'' #Aria (tenor, violins, continuo): ''Wenn nun der Leib wird sterben müssen'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus): ''Die aber legten ihre Hände an ihn'' #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und die Jünger verließen ihn alle und flohen'' #:Chorus: ''Wir haben gehöret'' #: Recitative (Evangelist, Hohenpriester, Jesus): ''Aber ihr Zeugnis stimmet noch nicht überein'' #:Chorus: ''Weissage uns!'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Magd, Petrus): ''Und die Knechte schlugen ihn in's Angesicht'' #:Chorus: ''Wahrlich, du bist der einer'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Petrus): ''Er aber fing an sich zu verfluchen und zu schwören'' # #:Aria (tenor, violins, continuo): ''Wein, ach wein jetzt um die Wette'' #:Chorale: ''So gehst du nun, mein Jesus, hin,'' Violino I vermutlich verschollen, und zu rekonstruieren Seconda Parte #
  • Sinfonia
  • #Recitative (Evangelist, Pilatus, Jesus): ''Und Bald am Morgen'' #Aria (alto, violins, continuo): ''Klaget nur, ihr Kläger hier'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Pilatus): ''Jesus aber antwortete nichts mehr'' #: Chorus: ''Kreuzige ihn!'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Pilatus): ''Pilatus aber sprach zu ihnen'' #:Chorus: ''Kreuzige ihn!'' # #: Chorale: ''O hilf Christe, Gottes Sohn'' Sart 14a ersetzt den Satz 14 der Weimarer Fassung 1712/1713 in den Fassungen von 1726 bzw. ca. 1745–1748. Violino I vermutlich verschollen, und zu rekonstruieren # Sinfonia # #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Pilatus aber gedachte'' #:Chorus: ''Gegrüßet seist du'' #: Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und schlugen ihm das Haupt mit dem Rohr'' #Aria (bass, violins, continuo): ''O süßes Kreuz'' #Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und sie brachten ihn an die Stätte Golgatha'' #Aria (soprano, oboe or violin I, continuo): ''O Golgotha!'' # Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und da sie ihn gekreuziget hatten'' #Aria (alto, continuo): ''Was seh' ich hier'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und es war oben über ihm geschrieben'' #:Chorus: ''Pfui dich''* ''Textvariante: Seht doch''#: Recitative (Evangelist): ''Desselbengleichen die Hohenpriester'' #:Chorus: ''Er hat anderen geholfen'' #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und die mit ihm gekreuzigte waren'' #: Arioso (Jesus): ''Eli, Eli, lama asabthani?'' #: Recitative (Evangelist): ''Das ist verdolmetschet'' #: Chorus: ''Siehe, er rufet den Elias.'' #: Recitative (Evangelist, Kriegsknecht): ''Da lief einer'' # Chorale (alto, continuo): ''Wenn ich einmal soll scheiden'' # #:Aria (soprano, violins, continuo): ''Seht, Menschenkinder, seht'' #:Aria (tenore, violins, continuo): ''Der Fürst der Welt erbleicht'' #Sinfonia #Recitative (Evangelist, Hauptmann): ''Und der Vorhang im Tempel zeriß in zwei Stück'' #Aria (alto, violins, violas, continuo): ''Dein Jesus hat das Haupt geneiget'' #Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und er kaufte eine Leinwand'' #Chorale: ''O Traurigkeit'' 1726 und ca. 1745–1748 statt in Halbe in Viertel notiert. # Chorale: ''O selig ist'' # Chorale: ''O Jesu du'' #Chorale: ''Amen.'' Like the Weimar work, this work also was scored for SATB soloists and choir, oboes I/II, violins I/II, violas I/II, and basso continuo. Like the Weimar work, the oboes were also included in the Choral and Sinfonia sections. However, the parts this time also included a figured organ part. In two of the three new additions (Movements 10 and 15), the first violin part is missing and has been reconstructed. Of the new additions (Movements 10, 15, and 30), Alfred Dürr noted that the bass line of Movement 10 mirrored exactly the bass line of the sacred song from
    Georg Christian Schemelli Georg Christian Schemelli (born 1676 or 1678 or 1680 – 5 March 1762) was a German Protestant church musician. He is known for the publication ''Musicalisches Gesang-Buch'', a collection of sacred songs to which Johann Sebastian Bach contributed ...
    's '' Musicalisches Gesang-Buch'', '' So gehst du nun, mein Jesus, hin'' BWV 500 (it is included in the BWV catalog as BWV 500a). Movement 15 was used as a replacement of Movement 14 of BC D 5a, and is cataloged as BWV 1084 (no BC number yet) and is also marked ''
    alla breve ''Alla breve'' also known as cut time or cut common timeis a musical meter notated by the time signature symbol (a C with a vertical line through it), which is the equivalent of . The term is Italian for "on the breve", originally meaning th ...
    '' as is its predecessor, but instead of half notes as the main beat, the quarter note gets the main beat. Movement 30 was used to replace Movement 29 of BC D 5a, and is cataloged as BWV deest serie II: 04 (similar case as far as notation to Movement 15).


    Leipzig 1747–1748 (BNB I/K/2)

    Bach again revived this pastiche on either 31 April 1747 (at the St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig) or 12 April 1748 (at the
    St. Thomas Church, Leipzig , native_name_lang = , image = Leipzig Thomaskirche.jpg , imagelink = , imagealt = , caption = , pushpin map = , pushpin label position = , pushpin map alt ...
    ). Of all the pastiches, this one was the most complex and involved. In many ways, it was more a true pastiche than the previous two were. In addition to his own music (two movements), Bach incorporated seven
    aria In music, an aria ( Italian: ; plural: ''arie'' , or ''arias'' in common usage, diminutive form arietta , plural ariette, or in English simply air) is a self-contained piece for one voice, with or without instrumental or orchestral accompa ...
    s from George Frideric Handel's Brockes Passion HWV 48 into the original. This work (BWV deest – Serie II: 005; BC D 5; BNB I/K/2) has come down only in two partial manuscripts. One is a complete harpsichord part of 10 pages dating from between 1743 and 1748 housed at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin under Catalogue number D B N. Mus. ms. 468. This part is written in the hands of
    Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach (21 June 1732 – 26 January 1795) was a harpsichordist and composer, the fifth son of Johann Sebastian Bach, sometimes referred to as the "Bückeburg Bach". Born in Leipzig in the Electorate of Saxony, he was ...
    (notes), Johann Sebastian Bach (figures), and
    Wilhelm Rust Wilhelm Rust (August 15, 1822 – May 2, 1892) was a German musicologist and composer. He is most noted today for his substantial contributions to the Bach Gesellschaft edition of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach. Born in Dessau, Rust studied ...
    (title page). Its title page reads "Marcus-Passion / angeblich von R: Keiser" and underneath this "NB enthält 6 Arien aus der Brockes'schen / Passion von Händel". After Bach's death, it came into possession of an unknown individual, from whom it entered into possession of Wilhelm Rust, whose heir Maria Rust next took possession of it. It then entered into the possession of an A. Martin in
    Weimar Weimar is a city in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in Central Germany between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east, approximately southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together with the neighbouri ...
    , from whence it entered into (in succession) the possessions of an A. Thiele and then B. Thiele (also in Weimar), from whence it entered into the possession of the Antiquarian Bookshop of Joseph Abraham Stargardt in Berlin, from whence it entered into the possession of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin in 1987. The other source material is a one-page fragment of the Bassoon I part of the Aria "Was Wunder, daß der Sonnen Pracht" from Handel's HWV 48 in the hand of Johann Sebastian Bach dating from between 1743 and 1748. This part followed pretty much the same path as the part above, however after it came into possession of B. Thiele, it next entered into possession of C. Thiele in Kiel. It is marked under catalog number Privatbesitz C. Thiele, BWV deest (Serie II: 005). The text for this work is as follows: Prima Parte # Sonata and Chorus: ''Jesus Christus ist um unser Missetaten willen verwundet'' #Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus, Petrus): ''Und da sie den Lobgesang gesprochen hatten'' #Aria (soprano, continuo): ''Will dich die Angst betreten'' #Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus): ''Und nahm zu sich Petrus und Jakobus und Johannes'' #Aria (soprano, oboe, continuo): ''Sünder, schaut mit Furcht und Zagen'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus): ''Und kam und fand sie schlafend'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Judas): ''Und alsbald, da er noch redet'' #Aria (tenor, violins, continuo): ''Wenn nun der Leib wird sterben müssen'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Jesus): ''Die aber legten ihre Hände an ihn'' #: Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und die Jünger verließen ihn alle und flohen'' #:Chorus: ''Wir haben gehöret'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Hohenpriester, Jesus): ''Aber ihr Zeugnis stimmet noch nicht überein'' #::Aria (tenor, oboes, violins, continuo): ''Erwäg, ergrimmte Natternbruth'' HWV 48/23Eingefügte Arie aus Händels Brockes-Passion #::Recitative (Evangelist): ''Da fingen an etliche ihn zu verspeien'' #:Chorus: ''Weissage uns!'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Magd, Petrus): ''Und die Knechte schlugen ihn ins Angesicht'' #:Chorus: ''Wahrlich, du bist der einer'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Petrus): ''Er aber fing an sich zu verfluchen und zu schwören'' #Aria (tenor, violins in unison, continuo): ''Wein, ach wein jetzt um die Wette'' #:Chorale: ''So gehst du nun mein Jesus, hin'' Violino I vermutlich verschollen, und zu rekonstruieren. Seconda Parte #
  • Sinfonia
  • #Recitative (Evangelist, Pilatus, Jesus): ''Und Bald am Morgen hielten die Hohenpriester einen Rat'' #Aria (alto, violins, continuo): ''Klaget nur, ihr Kläger hier'' # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Pilatus): ''Jesus aber antwortete nichts mehr'' #:Chorus: ''Kreuzige Ihn!'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Pilatus): ''Pilatus aber sprach zu ihnen'' #:Chorus: ''Kreuzige Ihn!'' #Chorale: ''O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn'' Satz 14a ersetzt den Satz 14 der Weimarer Fassung 1712/1713 in den Fassungen von 1726 bzw. ca. 1745–1748. Violino I vermutlich verschollen, und zu rekonstruieren # Sinfonia # #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Pilatus aber gedachte dem Volk genug zu tun'' #:Chorus: ''Gegrüßet seist du'' #: Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und schlugen ihm das Haupt mit dem Rohr'' #Aria (bass, violins, violas, continuo): ''O süßes Kreuz'' #Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und sie brachten ihn an die Stätte Golgatha'' #Aria and Chorus (soprano solo, choir, violins, continuo): ''Eilt, iht angefochtnen Seelen'' HWV 48/41 Eingefügte Arie aus Händels Brockes-Passion als Esatz für die Arie 19 "O Golgatha" # Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und da sie ihn gekreuziget hatten'' #Aria (soprano, oboes, violins, viola, continuo): ''Hier erstarrt mein Herz in Blut'' HWV 48/44 Eingefügte Arie aus Händels Brockes-Passion, als Ersatz für die Arie "Was sehe ich hier" # #: Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und es war oben über ihm geschrieben'' #: Chorus: ''Pfui dich''* ''Textvariante: Seht doch''#:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Desselbengleichen die Hohenpriester verspotteten ihn untereinander'' #:Chorus: ''Er hat anderen geholfen'' #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und die mit ihm gekreuzigte waren'' #::Aria (soprano, violins, bassoons, continuo): ''Was Wunder, das der Sonnen Pracht'' HWV 48/48 Eingefügte Arie aus Händels Brockes-Passion #:Arioso (Jesus): ''Eli, Eli, lama asabthani?'' #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Das ist verdolmetschet'' #: Chorus: ''Siehe, er rufet den Elias.'' #:Recitative (Evangelist, Kriegsknecht): ''Und da lief einer'' # Chorale (alto, continuo): ''Wenn ich einmal soll scheiden'' # #:Aria (soprano, violins, continuo): ''Seht Menschenkinder, seht'' #:Aria (tenore, violins, continuo): ''Der Fürst der Welt erbleicht'' #Sinfonia # #:Recitative (Evangelist, Hauptmann): ''Und der Vorhang im Tempel zeriß in zwei Stück'' #:Aria (bass, violins, continuo): ''Wie kömmt's, daß, da der Himml weint'' HWV 48/52 Eingefügte Arie aus Händels Brockes-Passion #:Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und es waren auch Weiber da'' #Aria (alto, violins, violas, continuo): ''Dein Jesus hat das Haupt geneiget'' #Recitative (Evangelist): ''Und er kaufte eine Leinwand'' #Aria (soprano, oboes, violins, continuo): ''Wisch ab der Tränen scharfe Lauge'' HWV 48/55 Eingefügte Arie aus Händels Brockes-Passion, als Ersatz für den Choral "O Traurigkeit, o Herzeleid" #Chorale: ''O selig ist'' #Chorale: ''O Jesu du'' #Chorale: ''Amen.'' The instrumentation is for a larger ensemble: SATB soloists and choir, oboe I/II, bassoon I/II, violin I/II, viola I/II, and basso continuo.


    Reception

    In the first half of the 18th century, ''Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet'' proved one of the more popular passion settings in Protestant Germany. As a Passion based on the Gospel text of one of the four evangelists, as opposed to the upcoming Passion-Oratorio genre based on a freer interpretation of Gospel texts combined from several evangelists, such as the ''Brockes Passion'', it was exceptional in being performed in half a dozen versions and in multiple cities. The reception of the composition by Bach is of historic importance as it shows many of the characteristics he would adopt in his own famous passion settings: the
    vox Christi Vox (Latin for 'voice') may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Fictional characters * Vox (DC Universe character), Mal Duncan * Vox, several characters in the anime series '' Lagrange: The Flower of Rin-ne'' * Gleeman Vox, from the ''Ratch ...
    treatment (with
    arioso In classical music, arioso (also aria parlante ) is a category of solo vocal piece, usually occurring in an opera or oratorio, falling somewhere between recitative and aria in style. Literally, arioso means ''airy''. The term arose in the 16th ...
    , and
    accompagnato Recitative (, also known by its Italian name "''recitativo''" ()) is a style of delivery (much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms and delivery of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat ...
    , the "halo effect" of the strings,...), the typical Bach Evangelist, the recitative-aria-chorale units, chorales based on Paul Gerhardt's "O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden",... — all characteristics deemed typical for Bach's oratorios and passion settings that are present in this early 18th century work. Bach's last version also shows how the composer attempted to combine an Evangelist-based passion setting with a freer Passion-Oratorio setup (which is also what he had done in his ''St John Passion'' and ''St Matthew Passion'', both containing movements based on the ''Brockes Passion'' text). Bach's versions of this passion overarch his known passion compositions: he copied and performed the score prior to his first passion composition, the ''Weimarer Passion'', he staged it again between the first performances of the ''St John'' and the ''St Matthew'', and his last version of this ''St Mark'' was performed around the time he finished revising his other passion settings. Then the work was forgotten for a long time: nothing of it was mentioned in the 19th-century
    Bach Gesellschaft Ausgabe Joh. Seb. Bach's Werke () is the Bach Gesellschaft's collected edition of Johann Sebastian Bach's compositions, published in 61 volumes in the second half of the 19th century. The series is also known as Bach-Gesellschaft edition (german: Bach-Gese ...
    , nor in the 1950 first edition of the
    Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis The (BWV; ; ) is a catalogue of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was first published in 1950, edited by Wolfgang Schmieder. The catalogue's second edition appeared in 1990. An abbreviated version of that second edition, known as BWV ...
    . For a period of around two centuries the only thing that seems to have happened to the composition are Wilhelm Rust's efforts to analyse and reconstruct the original score. The score was published in the second half of the 20th century,Hänssler 1960s (score edition) and recorded for the first time in the early 1970s. Jörg Ewald Dähler (conductor). ''Erstaufnahme: Markus Passion Reinhard Keiser (1674–1739)''. Claves, 1971. The 21st century saw the publication and performance of Bach's 1740s pasticcio version. Another 21st-century development is the combination of the Gospel parts of the "Keiser" ''St Mark Passion'' with reconstructed choruses and arias of the largely lost
    BWV 247 The ''St Mark Passion'' (german: Markus-Passion), BWV 247, is a lost Passion setting by Johann Sebastian Bach, first performed in Leipzig on Good Friday, 23 March 1731 and again, in a revised version, in 1744. Though Bach's music is lost, the li ...
    ''St Mark Passion'', into a new pasticcio.


    Score editions

    Felix Schroeder's score edition, based on the composite manuscript of Bach's first two versions
    D-B Mus. ms. 11471/1
    and the 1729 Hamburg pasticcio
    D-B Mus. ms. 11471
    , was published by Hänssler in the 1960s, attributing the work to Reinhard Keiser. Another 1960s score edition was released by Donald George Moe and published by the University of Iowa.
    Carus-Verlag Carus-Verlag is a German music publisher founded in 1972 and based in Stuttgart. Carus was founded by choral conductor Günter Graulich and his wife Waltraud with an emphasis on choral repertoire. The catalogue currently includes more than 26,00 ...
    published the BNB I/K/1 version, that is BC D 5a version of the score with the BC D 5b variants of the choral movements 9+, 14a and 29a appended, as Reinhard Keiser's work arranged by Bach, in 1997. Their publication of the BNB I/K/2 pasticcio, which indicated "Kaiser", Bach and Handel as its composers, followed in 2012: this edition contained reconstructed material and a detailed introduction by its editor Christine Blanken. The
    Neue Bach-Ausgabe The New Bach Edition (NBE) (german: Neue Bach-Ausgabe; NBA), is the second complete edition of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, published by Bärenreiter. The name is short for Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750): New Edition of the Complete W ...
    volume II/9 ''Latin Church Music, Passions: Works with Doubtful Authenticity, Arrangements of Music from other Composers'', edited by Kirsten Beißwenger and published in 2000 by Bärenreiter, contains as well a critical commentary as score editions of the choral movements attributed to Bach, that is the choral movements "O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn" and "O Traurigkeit, o Herzeleid" of the BC D 5a version (section 7) and the three choral movements in the BC D 5b version (section 8). Section 9 of this score edition contains the fragments relating to the BNB I/K/2 version as available (without reconstruction of the missing parts). In this publication Reinhard Keiser is indicated as the composer of the original work. CPDL contains all choral movements of the BC D 5b version, attributing them to Reinhard Keiser.


    Discography

    The first recording of the work was realised in February 1971 by Jörg Ewald Dähler. Another 1971 recording was directed by Alois J. Hochstrasser. 1973 recordings were conducted by Gert Sell and Albrecht Haupt. Daniel R. Melamed (2005) recommends two 1990s recordings, by Christian Brembeck and Michel Laplénie. *Jacques Bona, Gerd Türk, Kai Wessel, Monique Zanetti, Ensemble Sagittarius, Michel Laplénie (Accord 205312). *Bernhard Hirtreiter, Hartmut Elbert, Jochen Elbert, Tanja d'Althann, Parthenia Vocal & Baroque, Christian Brembeck Christophorus 1992 *The BC D 5a version of the work was recorded in 2008 on the Edition Chrismon label (Catalogue number 2035) and features Tenor
    Evangelist Evangelist may refer to: Religion * Four Evangelists, the authors of the canonical Christian Gospels * Evangelism, publicly preaching the Gospel with the intention of spreading the teachings of Jesus Christ * Evangelist (Anglican Church), a c ...
    :
    Georg Poplutz Georg Poplutz is a German tenor, a soloist in Baroque music, opera and oratorio, and a Lied singer. He has been a member of vocal ensembles such as Johann Rosenmüller Ensemble and Cantus Cölln, and has participated in a project to record th ...
    , Soprano: Jutta von Landsberg rias & Chorus Soprano: Anke Briegel; Counter-tenor: Kerry Jago; Counter-tenor: Henning Voss; Tenor: Jörn Lindemann; Tenor: Birger Radde; Bass:
    Markus Flaig Markus Flaig (born 1971) is a German bass-baritone who has focused on concerts and recordings of sacred music. Career Markus Flaig was born in Horb am Neckar. He studied sacred music and school music, then voice with Beata Heuer-Christen in F ...
    ; and Bass: Tilli Schutze (?), with Capella Sancti Georgi and
    Musica Alta Ripa Musica Alta Ripa is a musical ensemble from Hanover, specializing in Baroque music on period instruments. Background Founded in 1984, the Hanover-based ''Musica Alta Ripa'' is well known for its historically-informed musical performances. The en ...
    conducted by Ralf Popken. Another recording of the BC D 5a version, with the Ensemble Jacques Moderne, Gli Incogniti and violinist
    Amandine Beyer Amandine may refer to: * Edibles: ** Amandine (cake), a Romanian chocolate sponge cake filled with chocolate or almond cream ** Amandine (garnish), a French culinary term for a garnish of almonds ** Amandine potato, a type of potato * Amandine ...
    appeared on the label
    Mirare Mirare is a French classical music record label founded by René Martin and François-René Martin. The label was created for recordings of the La Folle Journée La Folle Journée is a French annual classical music festival held in Nantes. I ...
    in 2015. Joël Suhubiette, conductor; with liner notes by
    Gilles Cantagrel Gilles Cantagrel (born 20 November 1937) is a French musicologist, writer, lecturer and music educator. Biography Born in Paris, Cantagrel studied physics, art history and music at the École Normale de Musique de Paris and at the Conservatoi ...
    (translated by Charles Johnston)
    ''Reinhard Keiser: Markuspassion''.
    Mirare 2015.
    *Bach's second version (BC D 5b) was recorded in 2006 on the Con Affetto label featuring Tenor vangelist Daniel-Leo Meier; Bass
    esus Esus, Hesus, or Aisus was a Brittonic and Gaulish god known from two monumental statues and a line in Lucan's '' Bellum civile''. Name T. F. O'Rahilly derives the theonym ''Esus'', as well as ''Aoibheall'', ''Éibhleann'', ''Aoife'', and ...
    Nicolas Fink; Boy Soprano: Simeon Haefliger (soloist from Luzerner Knabenkantorei); Counter-tenor: Urs Weibel; Tenor: Sebastian Lipp, Brian Dean, Sabine Hochstrasser (Violins); Brigitte Gasser, Brian Franklin (Viola da gamba); Monika Hasselbach (Violoncello); Kiri Ivanov (Contrabass); and Mutsumi Ueno (Organ), with the Luzerner Knabenkantorei and Instrumentalists from Collegium Musicum Luzern conducted by Eberhard Rex. *The BNB I/K/2 pasticcio version was released as a 2008 live recording with Kantorei St. Mauritius Hardegsen and Telemannisches Collegium Michaelstein conducted by Gerhard Ropeter. The vocal soloists on this recording are Yu Jost, Soprano (Maid), Dorothee Wohlgemuth, Soprano (Arias), Michael Leib, Alto (Arias, Judas, High Priest, Soldier, Centurion), Jörn Lindemann, Tenor (Arias, Evangelist), Samuel Hasselhorn, Tenor (Petrus), Benjamin Hasselhorn, Tenor (Pilatus), Falk Joost, Bass (Jesus), and Ralf Grobe, Bass (Arias).


    References


    Sources

    Score editions * (Hänssler 1960s)
    Reinhard Keiser Reinhard Keiser (9 January 1674 – 12 September 1739) was a German opera composer based in Hamburg. He wrote over a hundred operas. Johann Adolf Scheibe (writing in 1745) considered him an equal to Johann Kuhnau, George Frideric Handel and Georg ...
    , edited by Felix Schroeder. ''Passionsoratorium nach dem Evangelisten Marcus''. Stuttgart: Hänssler-Verlag, 1966. * (Iowa 1960s) Donald George Moe. ''The St. Mark Passion of Reinhard Keiser: A Practical Edition, with an Account of Its Historical Background'' University of Iowa, 1968 * (Carus 1997)
    Reinhard Keiser Reinhard Keiser (9 January 1674 – 12 September 1739) was a German opera composer based in Hamburg. He wrote over a hundred operas. Johann Adolf Scheibe (writing in 1745) considered him an equal to Johann Kuhnau, George Frideric Handel and Georg ...
    , arranged by
    Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the '' Brandenburg Concertos''; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard wo ...
    , edited by Hans Bergmann
    ''Passio secundum Marcum (Markuspassion)''.
    Carus-Verlag Carus-Verlag is a German music publisher founded in 1972 and based in Stuttgart. Carus was founded by choral conductor Günter Graulich and his wife Waltraud with an emphasis on choral repertoire. The catalogue currently includes more than 26,00 ...
    , 1997. * (Carus 2012) Christine Blanken, editor
    ''"Kaiser" Markus-Passion als Pasticcio von Johann Sebastian Bach (Leipzig um 1747) mit Arien aus Georg Friedrich Händels "Brockes-Passion".
    Edition Bach-Archiv Leipzig (Musical Monuments Vol. 2).
    Carus-Verlag Carus-Verlag is a German music publisher founded in 1972 and based in Stuttgart. Carus was founded by choral conductor Günter Graulich and his wife Waltraud with an emphasis on choral repertoire. The catalogue currently includes more than 26,00 ...
    , 2012. * (NBA 2000) Kirsten Beißwenger, editor.
    New Bach Edition The New Bach Edition (NBE) (german: Neue Bach-Ausgabe; NBA), is the second complete edition of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, published by Bärenreiter. The name is short for Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750): New Edition of the Complete W ...
    br>Series II: Latin Church Music, Passions
    Volume 9: ''Works with Doubtful Authenticity, Arrangements of Music from other Composers'', Bärenreiter, 2000 Writings * Daniel R. Melamed. "A ''St. Mark Passion'' Makes the Rounds" pp. 78–96 and 168–169, and tables p. 137 and 148–154 i
    ''Hearing Bachs Passions''.
    Oxford University Press, 2005.


    External links

    * {{Passion settings by Johann Sebastian Bach Passions and oratorios by Johann Sebastian Bach