Jean Messagier (Paris, 13 July 1920 – Montbéliard, 10 September 1999) was a French painter, sculptor, printmaker and poet. Jean Messagier had his first

solo exhibition A solo show or solo exhibition is an exhibition of the work of only one artist. The artwork may be paintings, drawings, etchings, collage, sculpture, or photography. The creator of any artistic technique may be the subject of a solo show. Other s ...

in Paris at Galerie Arc-en-Ciel in 1947.L'Art du Visible, Messagier, Hantaï, Destarac, Château de Biron (French)
/ref> From 1945 to 1949 the artist worked under the influence of

Pablo Picasso Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and Scenic design, theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th ce ...

André Masson André-Aimé-René Masson (4 January 1896 – 28 October 1987) was a French artist. Biography Masson was born in Balagny-sur-Thérain, Oise, but when he was eight his father's work took the family first briefly to Lille and then to Brussel ...

Paul Klee Paul Klee (; 18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-born German artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented wi ...

and , his professor at

École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs The École nationale supérieure des Arts Décoratifs (ÉnsAD, also known as Arts Decos', École des Arts Décoratifs) is a public grande école of art and design of PSL Research University. The school is located in the Rue d'Ulm in Paris. Profil ...

in Paris. Messagier again was revealed to the public at an exhibition organized by

Charles Estienne Charles Estienne (; 1504–1564), known as Carolus Stephanus in Latin and Charles Stephens in English, was an early exponent of the science of anatomy in France. Charles was a younger brother of Robert Estienne I, the famous printer, and son to ...

at the Galerie de Babylone in 1952, entitled "''La Nouvelle École de Paris''" (The New School of Paris). The following year, Messagier deliberately broke away from his expressionistic form of Post-Cubism; his inspirations now focused on

Jean Fautrier Jean Fautrier (May 16, 1898 – July 21, 1964) was a French painter, illustrator, printmaker, and sculptor. He was one of the most important practitioners of Tachisme. Early life Jean Fautrier was born in Paris in 1898. He was given his unwed m ...

and

Pierre Tal-Coat Pierre Tal-Coat (real name Pierre Louis Jacob; 1905–1985) was a French artist considered to be one of the founders of Tachisme. Life and work He was born the son of a fisherman, in the village of Clohars-Carnoët, Finistère in 1905. He atten ...

to develop a personal vision in which he renders "light...approached abstractly." Jean Messagier is often associated with

Lyrical abstraction Lyrical abstraction is either of two related but distinct trends in Post-war Modernist painting: ''European Abstraction Lyrique'' born in Paris, the French art critic Jean José Marchand being credited with coining its name in 1947, considered ...

Tachisme __NOTOC__ Tachisme (alternative spelling: Tachism, derived from the French word ''tache'', stain) is a French style of abstract painting popular in the 1940s and 1950s. The term is said to have been first used with regards to the movement in 19 ...

Nuagisme Nuagisme (literally Cloudism) is a French art-critical term for an art movement that was advanced in the 1950s by French art critic Julien Alvard (1916–1974) in which young French and foreign painters participated in France. Nuagisme lasted betwee ...

Art informel Informalism or Art Informel is a pictorial movement from the 1943–1950s, that includes all the abstract and gestural tendencies that developed in France and the rest of Europe during the World War II, similar to American abstract expressioni ...

and ''paysagisme abstrait'', though the artist himself had never accepted any labels, and had always refused the distinction between abstraction and figuration. From 1962 until the year of his death Jean Messagier exhibited in France and abroad, taking part in some major international events as a representative of new trends in French painting.Artfact Jean Messagier Biography
/ref>

Life and career

Jean Messagier spent his childhood during the 1920s and 1930s between Paris and Franche-Comté, where he realized his first representational watercolors and drawings (1940); portraits and landscapes. He first exhibited his works in a group show at the ''Salon des Moins de Trente Ans'' in Paris (1941), before participating regularly in Parisian salons: ''Salon des Moins de Trente Ans'', Paris, 1941–51; ''Salon d'Automne'', 1947–52; ''Salon de Mai'', 1948–53; ''Jeune Gravure Contemporaine'', 1950; ''Young Painters of the Ecole de Paris'', Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, 1952; ''Mostra dell'Incisione Francese Contemporanea'', Milan, 1953; Galerie L'Étoile scellée and Galerie Craven, Paris, 1953. Messagier would soon be represented at group exhibitions in Germany, Zurich, Florence, Brussels, London and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York. He would also participate in the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles, Salon Comparaisons, Peinture informelle (alongside

Hans Hartung Hans Hartung (21 September 1904 – 7 December 1989) was a German-French painter, known for his gestural abstract style. He was also a decorated World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, ...

Jean-Paul Riopelle Jean-Paul Riopelle, (October 7, 1923 – March 12, 2002) was a Canadian painter and sculptor from Quebec. He had one of the longest and most important international careers of the sixteen signatories of the ''Refus Global'', the 1948 manif ...

Mark Tobey Mark George Tobey (December 11, 1890 – April 24, 1976) was an American painter. His densely structured compositions, inspired by Asian calligraphy, resemble Abstract expressionism, although the motives for his compositions differ philosophi ...

Wols Wols was the pseudonym of Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze (27 May 19131 September 1951), a German painter and photographer predominantly active in France. Though broadly unrecognized in his lifetime, he is considered a pioneer of lyrical abstracti ...

) and the Salon d’Octobre of which he was one of the founding members. Following his schooling at Large-Chênois in Montbeliard, Messagier moved to Paris. At ''l'Ecole Nationale des Arts Décoratifs'' in Paris, his professors included Roland Oudot, Maurice Brianchon, Raymond Legueult and François Desnoyer. In parallel he studied with the poet

Paul Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, mus ...

at the ''Collège de France''. In 1943, at the age of 23, Jean Messagier held his first solo exhibition at the ''Château de Montbéliard''. In 1944 Jean Messagier married the ceramicist Marcelle Baumann (also studying at ''Les Arts Déco''). In 1947 Messagier realized his first sculptures, exhibited at the Salon d'Automne in Paris and held a solo exhibit at the Galerie Arc-en-Ciel in Paris. After brief stays in Italy and Algeria the two had their first child, Matthew (later to become a poet) in 1949.Francette Messagier, ''Jean Messagier : Traces'', Néo Éditions, Besançon, 2006 Messagier then showed at the Galerie de Babylone in 1952 entitled "''La Nouvelle École de Paris''" (The New School of Paris), organized by Charles Etienne, the art critic who would become the spokesman for the new lyrical and expressionist movement. Etienne recognized Messagier as a

Robinson Crusoe ''Robinson Crusoe'' () is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published on 25 April 1719. The first edition credited the work's protagonist Robinson Crusoe as its author, leading many readers to believe he was a real person and the book a tra ...

of the Post-War movement.Dore Ashton, Messagier, Les Années 1950-1960, in Grand Palais, Galeries Nationales, Paris, 1981, exhibition catalogue, 13 Nov. 1981 - 11 Jan. 1982 Messagier co-founded the Salon d'Octobre in Paris and exhibited there in 1952 and 1953. In 1954 Marcelle gave birth to their second son, Thomas (who would become a taxidermist). At this time the family resided in the heart of Paris, 8 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie. In 1958 their third son, Simon, was born. By this time a new vocabulary had appeared in the press that described the new form of painting: ''art autre, art lyrique, tachiste, paysage abstrait, nouveau primitivisme, l'informel'' were the terms used. The gesture of painting itself became the creative act. Painting was no longer an activity oriented towards an aesthetic production. ''L'informel'' became the dominant expression of the times, not solely amongst the critics, poets and artists, but also among scientists and philosophers, such as

Merleau-Ponty Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty. (; 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. The constitution of meaning in human experience was his main interest an ...

and Bachelard, and psychiatrists oriented toward

phenomenology Phenomenology may refer to: Art * Phenomenology (architecture), based on the experience of building materials and their sensory properties Philosophy * Phenomenology (philosophy), a branch of philosophy which studies subjective experiences and a ...

who used post-Freudian theory to speak of "paysage intérieur", the ''internal landscape'' of the personality. Painting (and drawing) for Messagier became the medium through which the

universe The universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological description of the development of the universe. Acc ...

spoke. Natural forms were observed and replaced by paintings within which the forces of nature could be experienced. Between 1953 and 1956 Messagier refined his pictorial vocabulary to include a kind of

symmetry Symmetry (from grc, συμμετρία "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement") in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance. In mathematics, "symmetry" has a more precise definit ...

, closer in spirit to W. Blake than to the constructivists. Defying the laws of

gravity In physics, gravity () is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy. Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 1038 times weaker than the stro ...

and seemingly outside of

spacetime In physics, spacetime is a mathematical model that combines the three dimensions of space and one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional manifold. Spacetime diagrams can be used to visualize relativistic effects, such as why differen ...

, his paintings of this period evoke a state of suspended animation, a dream-world as conceived by Mallarmé. Allusive and dissolved forms that he painted so far gave way to vast indeterminate stretches of monochrome color, expressing Messagier's unswerving commitment to nature, air and light. Over the years his gesture became further loosened, reaching its apogee during the 1960s with wide and elegant "gyrations". These works resemble a network of loops or clouds (''nuages'') wrapping and mingling together tirelessly. For Messagier, an artist had to be a social actor. In 1962, to inaugurate his new studio—located in an old mill next to "les Trois cantons" at the foot of the Charrot bridge that spans the Doubs river—Messagier organized his first massive party. Everyone from local government officials, artist friends from Paris (including

Serge Poliakoff Serge Poliakoff (January 8, 1900 – October 12, 1969) was a Russian-born French modernist painter belonging to the 'New' Ecole de Paris (Tachisme). Biography Serge Poliakoff was born in Moscow in 1900, the thirteenth of fourteen children. Hi ...

, the architect Jean-Louis Veret - a student

Le Corbusier Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 188727 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier ( , , ), was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture. He was ...

Pierre Alechinsky Pierre Alechinsky (born 19 October 1927) is a Belgian artist. He has lived and worked in France since 1951. His work is related to tachisme, abstract expressionism, and lyrical abstraction. Life Alechinsky was born in Schaerbeek. In 1944 he att ...

), well-known gallery owners, dealers, collectors and construction workers (in brief, the entire population of village) were invited. Jean Messagier renewed that spirit as much as he could. In 1962, Jean Messagier represented France at the 31st

Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale (; it, La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation. The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of ...

alongside

Alfred Manessier Alfred Manessier (5 December 1911, Saint-Ouen – 1 August 1993, Orléans) was a non-figurative French painter, stained glass artist, and tapestry designer, part of the new School of Paris and the Salon de Mai. Biography Manessier was born amo ...

, Andrew Marfaing and James Guitet (with

representing Canada, Kumi Sugai Japan,

Alberto Giacometti Alberto Giacometti (, , ; 10 October 1901 – 11 January 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker. Beginning in 1922, he lived and worked mainly in Paris but regularly visited his hometown Borgonovo to see his family and ...

Switzerland, Jan Müller and

Louise Nevelson Louise Nevelson (September 23, 1899 – April 17, 1988) was an American sculptor known for her monumental, monochromatic, wooden wall pieces and outdoor sculptures. Born in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Kyiv Oblast, ...

the United States). The same year, Jean Messagier and Pierre Alechinsky, who first met in 1953, painted a canvas together embellished with phrases written by the art critic Charles Estienne. Between 1963 and 1965 Messagier made grass sculptures, snow drawings and won a medal for his entry in ''Pour un été, La Monnaie de Paris''. In the 8th

São Paulo Art Biennial The São Paulo Art Biennial (Portuguese: ''Bienal de São Paulo'') was founded in 1951 and has been held every two years since. It is the second oldest art biennial in the world after the Venice Biennale (in existence since 1895), which serves as ...

Messagier represented France along with four other artists. The following year Messagier created an annual shooting competition, and became a full member of the ''Comité National de la Gravure Française''. In 1967 he participated in the release of a series of artistic postal stamps and co-created a fresco for the Salon de Mai in Paris. He was awarded ''Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et Lettres'' and in 1978 exhibited in the 7th Alexandria Biennale for Mediterranean Countries.

May 1968 in France Beginning in May 1968, a period of civil unrest occurred throughout France, lasting some seven weeks and punctuated by demonstrations, general strikes, as well as the occupation of universities and factories. At the height of events, which ha ...

introduced a partial return to representation in the work of Jean Messagier. His landscapes were reduced to a point where only a trace of gesture remained. This spontaneous passage would replace the

depth of field The depth of field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera. Factors affecting depth of field For cameras that can only focus on one object dist ...

, while the dynamic imprint of the brushstrokes, turbulent and interlacing, move across the canvas in vast convolutions. Titles, often inscribed directly into the painted surface, are a fundamental aspect of Messagier's paintings. The title becomes part of the work, opening the viewers imagination to the pleasure the artist wishes to share. The term ''paysagisme abstrait'' (literally, abstract landscapism) could be reserved for a process where the artist senses and tries to capture the 'rhythms' of a landscape. This concept of rhythm is explicitly mentioned by a number of painters in addition to Messagier;

Jean René Bazaine Jean René Bazaine (21 December 1904 – 4 March 2001) was a French painter, designer of stained glass windows and writer. He was the great great grandson of the English Court portraitist Sir George Hayter. Studies Bazaine was born in Paris. He ...

Raoul Ubac Raoul Ubac (31 August 1910, Cologne – 22 March 1985, Dieudonne, Oise) was a French painter, sculptor, photographer and engraver. He had various and irregular artistic training and travelled in Europe between 1928 and 1934. He worked mostly ...

and

Zao Wou Ki Zao Wou-Ki (; 1 February 1920 – 9 April 2013) was a Chinese-French painter. He was a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Zao Wou-Ki graduated from the China Academy of Art in Hangzhou, where he studied under Fang Ganmin and Wu D ...

. The rhythm of the landscape is experienced by the artist and expressed by the gesture; something the viewer in turn would experience as ''sensation''. The landscape in this case is a direct source of inspiration. It must be felt. During the winter of 1969 Messagier elaborated a technique he called ''"le Gel"'' in an effort to perfect a certain number of compositions whereby nature itself (e.g.,

temperature Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historically have relied o ...

hydrometry Hydrometry is the monitoring of the components of the hydrological cycle including rainfall, groundwater characteristics, as well as water quality and flow characteristics of surface waters. The etymology of the term ''hydrometry'' is from el, � ...

condensation Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to ...

, and

decomposition Decomposition or rot is the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars and mineral salts. The process is a part of the nutrient cycle and is e ...

) would intervene in the creative process. These paintings were realized outside of his studio at the ''Moulin de Lougres'' between two streams, where the calm of the land was superimposed with the turbulent current of the water and air. For Messagier the process was equivalent to sculpting air, and the works became replicas of air itself influenced by liquid. Both solid and liquid would intermingle, one born from the other. His goal had been the reconciliation between art and life, between man and nature. Both abstraction and figuration could play a role. This was not the pitting of

human nature Human nature is a concept that denotes the fundamental dispositions and characteristics—including ways of thinking, feeling, and acting—that humans are said to have naturally. The term is often used to denote the essence of humankind, or ...

against

nature Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physics, physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomenon, phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. ...

itself, but the fusion of the two. From the early 1950s Messagier had put into question the utility of debating the concepts of abstraction and figuration. Now both had been surpassed.

Legacy

Messagier, beyond abstraction and beyond figuration, had immersed himself in the world of life and nature. His gesture is life, his colors impressions and sensations of nature. His work was described by the critic Jean-Luc Daval as "the true ''nouvelle figuration''." In response to Picasso's phrase ''"I do not search, I find"'', Messagier would scribbled a few years before the end of his life, ''"I do not find, I search."'' In this phrase, writes Alexandre Rolla, "Jean Messagier gives some clues as to the nature of the gesture", the stance he defended throughout his life, and observed throughout his oeuvre, "a winding path that should be explored today, to consider, finally, the importance of this work in the history of art."

Selected works

* ''Nature morte'' (1944–45), private collection * ''Les Arroseurs'' (1947), private collection * ''Femmes aux Nasses'' (1947), private collection, Paris * ''Promeneurs'' (1947), private collection * ''Jeune Filles a la Casacade'' (1949), private collection * ''La Rivière'' (1951), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Haute promenade'' (1954), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Plaine battante'' (1956), Grenoble, Musée de Grenoble * ''Novembre cerné'' (1959), Vitry-sur-Seine, Musée d'art contemporain du Val-de-Marne * ''Antichambre pour une plage'' (1960), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Mai à palier'' (1962), Vitry-sur-Seine, Musée d'art contemporain du Val-de-Marne * ''Clef de mars'' (1963), private collection * ''Sous les statues d'Italie'' (1963), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Théâtre des marionnettes'' (1963), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Paul Valéry'' (1965), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Louis XIV l'apres midi'' (1966), private collection * ''Louis XIV,'' (1966), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Aube à bijoux'' (1967), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Printemps du monde'' (1967), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Monstres d'été'' (1967), private collection * ''Mesdemoiselles Printemps'' (1968), Marseille, Musée Cantini * ''Le Sexe des vallées'' (1970), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Portrait de Kathleen et Pierre Granville'' (1973), Dijon, Musée des beaux-arts * ''Projet pour onze penalties de gala'' (1975), Marseille, Musée Cantini * ''Picasso aurait dû pêcher à Antibes avec les Marsupilamis et Betty Boop'' (1982), Antibes, Musée Picasso * ''Waterloo à Java'' (1983), private collection * ''Le grand équipage du Val-de-Marne'' (1986), Vitry-sur-Seine, Musée d'art contemporain du Val-de-Marne * ''Les grands grillons'' (1990), private collection * ''Enchevêtrements dirigés'' (1993), Musée d'art contemporain du Val-de-Marne

Selected literature

* ''Jean Messagier'': 31 juillet-8 août, 1943, Musée du Château de Montbéliard, 1943 * Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, ''Younger European painters: a selection'', exhibition catalogue, 2 December 1953 - 21 February 1954 * ''Jean Messagier'': 23 avril au 13 mai, 1954, Palais des beaux-arts (Brussels, Belgium), 1954 * Frank Elgar, Cercle Volney, ''Jean Messagier'', Paris, 1955 * Charles Estienne, Catalogue de l'Exposition ''Jean Messagier, Peintures et aquarelles'' à la Galerie André Schoeller Jr., Paris, 1960 * Charles Estienne, ''Jean Messagier: Quinze années de peinture, oeuvres de 1947 a 1962'', 8 au 30 novembre 1963, Galerie André Schoeller Jr., Galerie

Bernheim-Jeune Bernheim-Jeune gallery is one of the oldest art galleries in Paris. Opened on Rue Laffitte in 1863 by Alexandre Bernheim (1839-1915), friend of Delacroix, Corot and Courbet, it changed location a few times before settling on Avenue Matignon. The ...

, Paris, 1963 * ''Jean Messagier, monotypes'': 12 mars-11 avril 1964, Galerie Edwin Engelberts, Éditeur La Galerie, 1964 * Annette Michelson, ''Jean Messagier, Choix d'Estampes 1945-1966'', Engèlberts, 1966 * ''Œuvres récentes de Jean Messagier'': Galerie André Schoeller, Paris, novembre/décembre, Paris, 1967 * ''Jean Messagier: sculptures, 1948 - 1969'', 23 avril - 17 mai 1969, Galerie Knoedler, Paris, 1969 * Pierre Cabanne, ''Jean Messagier'', Éditions du Temps, 1969 * Danièle Giraudy, ''Cantini 69 .e. soixante-neuf naissance d'une collection'', Numéro 2, Musée Cantini, 1969 * ''Jean Messagier'': exposition, mai-juin 1973, Galerie Ariel, Paris 8e, Galerie Beno d'Incelli, Paris 8e, Editions Galerie Ariel, 1973 * ''Entretien de Jean Messagier avec Daniel Meiller et Patrick Le Nouene''—Biographie, expositions, bibliographie. * Messagier, Putman, Alpers, Nouene, ''Messagier, les estampes et les sculptures: 1945-1974'', Arts et métiers graphiques, Y. Rivière, 1975 * ''Les dévelofixers'': exposition, Jean Messagier, Fondation Claude-Nicolas Ledoux, 1976 * ''Jean Messagier: parcours d'un peintre de 1949 à 1979'', Musée Granet (Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône), 25 juillet-30 septembre 1980, Maison de la culture d'Amiens, Centre national de recherche, d'animation et de création pour les arts plastiques (Le Creusot, Saône-et-Loire), 1979 * ''Jean Messagier, Roger Meier, Anne Cuneo, André Ramseyer'', Editions de la Prévôté, 1979 * Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, ''Jean Messagier: Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais'', Paris, 13 novembre 1981 - 11 janvier 1982 * Jean Messagier: Musée Despiau-Wlérick et Dubalen (Mont-de-Marsan), exposition, juin-août 1983 * École du Louvre, ''Image et signification'', Documentation française, 1983, pp. 275–280 * Jean Messagier, ''Feuilles de mille-feuilles'', Fata Morgana, 1984 * ''Jean Messagier à St-Ursanne'', 16 juin au 18 août 1984, diffusion Société jurassienne d'émulation, 1984 * Ante Glibota, ''Jean Messagier: bourgeons de papier, croquis 1940-1985'', Editions galerie d'art international, 1985 * ''Jean Messagier: oeuvres choisies entre 1945-1985'', Exposition, Musée d'Art Contemporain, Dunkerque, 1985 * ''Jean Messagier au Musée de Brou'': Bourg en Bresse, 5 octobre-17 novembre 1985 * ''Traces de visites'', C. Tchirakadzé, Evelyne Salmon, Jean Messagier, Musée du Château de Montbeliard, 1986 * ''Le grand cortège de Jean Messagier'': installations thermoformées et lieux créés par Jean Messagier, Ministère de la Culture, Direction des Musée de France, Association générale des conservateurs des collections publiques de France, Association des Conservateurs de Franche-Comté Paris Art Center, 1987 * Jean de Bengy, Jean-Michel Alberola, François Mitterrand, ''Comme un coursier indompté'', Jean-Michel Alberola, Pierre Alechinsky, Gilles Aillaud, Avigdor Arikha, Jean-Charles Blais, Pierre Buraglio, Jean Messagier, Rouan, Dominique Bozo, Jean-Michel Foray,

Centre national des arts plastiques The Centre national des arts plastiques (National Centre for Visual Arts, Cnap) is a French institution established in 1982 under the Ministry of Culture and Communication that promotes creation of visual arts. It provides assistance to artists and ...

, 1989 * Jean Messagier, ''Le Grand défroissement'', Fata Morgana, 1989 * ''Jean Messagier: 1947-1990'', du 16 Juin au 16 Septembre 1990, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec, 1990, , 9782901284208 * ''Messagier à la Galerie Katia Granoff'', Édition Katia Granoff (Paris), 1990 * Jean Messagier, ''Météores quotidiens'', Fata Morgana, 1992 * Cimaise, Volume 41, Numéros 228 à 233, 1994 * ''Jean Messagier'', Edition Arts et dialogues européens, 1995 * Jean Messagier, ''Le gel'', 1995 * ''Jean Messagier: magicien d'imaginaires'', expositions, Saline Royale d'Arc-et-Senans, 15 mai-3 août 1997, Musée Gustave Courbet, Ornans, 7 juin-31 octobre 1997, Jean-Jacques Fernier, Musée Gustave Courbet Ornans, Doubs, Fondation Claude-Nicolas Ledoux, 1997 * ''Messagier, Estampes'': Exposition Au Musee de Gravelines, 30 Novembre 1997 au 1er Fevrier 1998, Musée de Gravelines, 1997 * Jean Messagier, ''Tous les pollens du monde'', Volume 38 de L'Art en écrit, Éditeur Jannink, 1998, , 9782902462513 * Matthieu Messagier, ''Jean Messagier, oeuvres graphiques: (1943 - 1998)''; Musée Baron Martin de Gray, du 16 juin au 11 septembre 2000 * ''Jean Messagier, 1920-1999: portes pour une joie'', Musée Paul Valéry (Sète, Hérault), 2004 * ''Jean Messagier: la nature au creux de la main'', Montbéliard (Doubs), Musée du Château (Montbéliard), Musée d'art et d'histoire (Belfort), ADAGP, 2006 * Francette Messagier, ''Jean Messagier: traces'', Néo éditions, 2006, , 9782914741323 * ''Nouvelles de l'Estampe'', Numéros 203 à 208, Comité national de la gravure française, Bibliothèque nationale (France). Cabinet des estampes, 2006, pp. 61–64 * Richard Leydier, Alain Jouffroy, ''Jean Messagier, Le Cercle d'art contemporain'', Cercle d'Art, 2007, , 9782702208052

References

External links

*
Joconde, Portail des Collection Musée de France, Jean Messagier

L'Art du Visible, Messagier Hantaï Destarac, Château de Biron

Jean Messagier, la peinture comme un jeu (Puissance 28, Montbéliard)

Monographie aux Editions Cercle d'Art

Alexandre Rolla, ''Les gels de Jean Messagier et les tâches d’Alexander Cozens : la conviction de la nature, l’incertitude du paysage'', Philosophique, 14 , 2011. Les Annales Littéraires de L'Université de Franche-Comté (ALUFC) : Esthétique n°2

Christie's, ''Art d'Après-Guerre et Contemporain'', 11-12 December 2007, Paris, Jean Messagier, ''Printemps tigré'', 1966, oil on canvas

Chrisite's, ''Intérieurs'', 7-8 July 2011, Paris, Jean Messagier, ''Après-midi montante'', 1958, oil on canvas

* ttp://mba-collections.dijon.fr/ow4/mba/rechcroisee.xsp?f=fulltext&v=messagier&f=img_word Messagier, Collections du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon
Agence photographique de la réunion des Musées nationaux
{{DEFAULTSORT:Messagier 1920 births 1999 deaths Painters from Paris 20th-century French painters 20th-century French male artists French male painters French contemporary artists École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs alumni Abstract painters 20th-century French printmakers French abstract artists