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Depth Of Field
The depth of field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera. Factors affecting depth of field For cameras that can only focus on one object distance at a time, depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus. "Acceptably sharp focus" is defined using a property called the "circle of confusion". The depth of field can be determined by focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture. Limitations of depth of field can sometimes be overcome with various techniques and equipment. The approximate depth of field can be given by: : \text \approx \frac for a given circle of confusion (c), focal length (f), f-number (N), and distance to subject (u). As distance or the size of the acceptable circle of confusion increases, the depth of field increases; however, increasing the size of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyperfocal Distance
In optics and photography, hyperfocal distance is a distance beyond which all objects can be brought into an "acceptable" focus. As the hyperfocal distance is the focus distance giving the maximum depth of field, it is the most desirable distance to set the focus of a fixed-focus camera. The hyperfocal distance is entirely dependent upon what level of sharpness is considered to be acceptable. The hyperfocal distance has a property called "consecutive depths of field", where a lens focused at an object whose distance is at the hyperfocal distance ''H'' will hold a depth of field from ''H''/2 to infinity, if the lens is focused to ''H''/2, the depth of field will extend from ''H''/3 to ''H''; if the lens is then focused to ''H''/3, the depth of field will extend from ''H''/4 to ''H''/2, etc. Thomas Sutton and George Dawson first wrote about hyperfocal distance (or "focal range") in 1867. Louis Derr in 1906 may have been the first to derive a formula for hyperfocal distance. Rudo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Focus Stacking
Focus stacking (also known as focal plane merging and z-stacking or focus blending) is a digital image processing technique which combines multiple images taken at different focus distances to give a resulting image with a greater depth of field (DOF) than any of the individual source images. Focus stacking can be used in any situation where individual images have a very shallow depth of field; macro photography and optical microscopy are two typical examples. Focus stacking can also be useful in landscape photography. Focus stacking offers flexibility: since it is a computational technique, images with several different depths of field can be generated in post-processing and compared for best artistic merit or scientific clarity. Focus stacking also allows generation of images physically impossible with normal imaging equipment; images with nonplanar focus regions can be generated. Alternative techniques for generating images with increased or flexible depth of field include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contessa Hyperfocal
Contessa may refer to: __NOTOC__ Entertainment * ''Contessa'' (film), a 2018 Indian film * ''Contessa'' (TV series), a 2018 Philippine television series * The Contessa, a character in the game show '' Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?'' * The Contessa, a villain from the ''Sly Cooper'' video game franchise; see '' Sly 2: Band of Thieves'' * ''Contessa'', a fictional ship the TV series ''Chuck''; see "Chuck Versus the Push Mix" Transportation * Contessa 26, a GRP yacht in a range of yachts built by Jeremy Rogers Ltd. and J. J. Taylor & Sons Ltd. * Contessa 32, a design in a range of GRP yachts built by Jeremy Rogers Ltd. * Hino Contessa, a 1960s car made by Hino Motors * Hindustan Contessa, an Indian car made by Hindustan Motors Other uses * Polina (singer) or Contessa, American-Russian singer See also * Barefoot Contessa (other) * Conte (other) * Contes (other) Contes may refer to: * Contes, Alpes-Maritimes, a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOF Scale Detail
DOF may stand for: Science * Depth of field, in photography a measurement of depth of acceptable sharpness in the object space, or subject space * Depth of focus, in lens optics describes the tolerance of placement of the image plane to the lens * Digital obstacle file, in aviation contains data on man-made obstacles * 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-fluoroamphetamine (DOF), a psychedelic drug. * Distance-of-Flight, a mass spectrometry technology. * Degrees of freedom, used in Degrees of freedom (mechanics), mechanics, Degrees of freedom (statistics), statistics, as well as Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), physics and chemistry. Music * Deeds of Flesh, a Death Metal band * Deutsch-Österreichisches Feingefühl or DÖF, a 1980s Austrian-German Neue Deutsche Welle pop band. Other * Dansk Ornitologisk Forening, Danish Ornithological Society * Department of Finance (Philippines), an executive department in the Philippines * Department of Finance (Northern Ireland), a government departme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modulation Transfer Function
The optical transfer function (OTF) of an optical system such as a camera, microscope, human eye, or image projector, projector specifies how different spatial frequencies are captured or transmitted. It is used by optical engineers to describe how the optics project light from the object or scene onto a photographic film, Image sensor, detector array, retina, screen, or simply the next item in the optical transmission chain. A variant, the modulation transfer function (MTF), neglects phase effects, but is equivalent to the OTF in many situations. Either transfer function specifies the response to a periodic sine-wave pattern passing through the lens system, as a function of its spatial frequency or period, and its orientation. Formally, the OTF is defined as the Fourier transform of the point spread function (PSF, that is, the impulse response of the optics, the image of a point source). As a Fourier transform, the OTF is complex-valued; but it will be real-valued in the common c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motion Blur
Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure. Usages / Effects of motion blur Photography When a camera creates an image, that image does not represent a single instant of time. Because of technological constraints or artistic requirements, the image may represent the scene over a period of time. Most often this exposure time is brief enough that the image captured by the camera appears to capture an instantaneous moment, but this is not always so, and a fast moving object or a longer exposure time may result in blurring artifacts which make this apparent. As objects in a scene move, an image of that scene must represent an integration of all positions of those objects, as well as the camera's viewpoint, over the period of exposure determined by the shutter speed. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diffraction
Diffraction is defined as the interference or bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture. The diffracting object or aperture effectively becomes a secondary source of the propagating wave. Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word ''diffraction'' and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660. In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described by the Huygens–Fresnel principle that treats each point in a propagating wavefront as a collection of individual spherical wavelets. The characteristic bending pattern is most pronounced when a wave from a coherent source (such as a laser) encounters a slit/aperture that is comparable in size to its wavelength, as shown in the inserted image. This is due to the addition, or interference, of different points on the wavefront (or, equivalently, each wavelet) that travel by paths of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4D Light Field
The light field is a vector function that describes the amount of light flowing in every direction through every point in space. The space of all possible ''light rays'' is given by the five-dimensional plenoptic function, and the magnitude of each ray is given by its radiance. Michael Faraday was the first to propose that light should be interpreted as a field, much like the magnetic fields on which he had been working. The phrase ''light field'' was coined by Andrey Gershun in a classic 1936 paper on the radiometric properties of light in three-dimensional space. Modern approaches to light field display explore co-designs of optical elements and compressive computation to achieve higher resolutions, increased contrast, wider fields of view, and other benefits. The term “radiance field” may also be used to refer to similar concepts. The term is used in modern research such as neural radiance fields. The plenoptic function For geometric optics—i.e., to incoherent light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plenoptic Camera
A light field camera, also known as a plenoptic camera, is a camera that captures information about the ''light field'' emanating from a scene; that is, the intensity of light in a scene, and also the precise direction that the light rays are traveling in space. This contrasts with conventional cameras, which record only light intensity at various wavelengths. One type uses an array of micro-lenses placed in front of an otherwise conventional image sensor to sense intensity, color, and directional information. Multi-camera arrays are another type. Holograms are a type of film-based light field image. History Early research The first light field camera was proposed by Gabriel Lippmann in 1908. He called his concept "integral photography". Lippmann's experimental results included crude integral photographs made by using a plastic sheet embossed with a regular array of microlenses, or by partially embedding small glass beads, closely packed in a random pattern, into the sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
