Jean de Menasce (1902–1973) was a

French Catholic , native_name_lang = fr , image = 060806-France-Paris-Notre Dame.jpg , imagewidth = 200px , alt = , caption = Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris , abbreviation = , type ...

priest, of the

Dominican Order The Order of Preachers ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum) abbreviated OP, also known as the Dominicans, is a Catholic mendicant order of Pontifical Right for men founded in Toulouse, France, by the Spanish priest, saint and mystic Dominic of Cal ...

, as well as an author and academic. He came from Jewish Egyptian and French parentage. Over his lifetime he mastered fifteen languages, including

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

Syriac Syriac may refer to: *Syriac language, an ancient dialect of Middle Aramaic *Sureth, one of the modern dialects of Syriac spoken in the Nineveh Plains region * Syriac alphabet ** Syriac (Unicode block) ** Syriac Supplement * Neo-Aramaic languages a ...

, and

Pahlavi Pahlavi may refer to: Iranian royalty *Seven Parthian clans, ruling Parthian families during the Sasanian Empire *Pahlavi dynasty, the ruling house of Imperial State of Persia/Iran from 1925 until 1979 **Reza Shah, Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878–1944 ...

. He was in the Catholic contingent among Jewish and Protestant leaders at an important post-war interfaith conference. Menasce wrote as a

theologian Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

, and as a scholar of

Middle Eastern studies Middle Eastern studies (sometimes referred to as Near Eastern studies) is a name given to a number of academic programs associated with the study of the history, culture, politics, economies, and geography of the Middle East, an area that is gene ...

, especially regarding

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...

, and the

Zoroastrian Zoroastrianism is an Iranian religion and one of the world's oldest organized faiths, based on the teachings of the Iranian-speaking prophet Zoroaster. It has a dualistic cosmology of good and evil within the framework of a monotheistic on ...

religion.

Early years

Jean de Menasce was born in

Alexandria Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandria ...

on 24 December 1902 into a well-established family in the Jewish community of Egypt. His father, ''Baron'' Félix de Menasce, a banker with Austro-Hungarian links, was head of the Jewish community in Alexandria; he had been raised to the peerage by the Emperor of Austria. Jean's mother was French from a Spanish line. A cousin of Jean de Menasce was the writer and diplomat Georges Cattaui, six years his senior. A second cousin was the composer and pianist

Jacques de Menasce Jacques de Menasce (August 19, 1905 – January 28, 1960) was a composer, pianist, and music criticism, critic of Austrians, Austrian, and later Americans, American, nationality. Jacques de Menasce was born in Bad Ischl, then in the German-speaki ...

. After the local lycée français, Jean de Menasce remained in Cairo studying at its French School of Law. Thereafter he continued his education in Europe, at

Oxford University Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

and at the

Sorbonne Sorbonne may refer to: * Sorbonne (building), historic building in Paris, which housed the University of Paris and is now shared among multiple universities. *the University of Paris (c. 1150 – 1970) *one of its components or linked institution, ...

. During the course of his student years, de Menasce had left behind his religious beliefs. At Oxford's

Balliol College Balliol College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. One of Oxford's oldest colleges, it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol, a landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham, who provided the f ...

, he was a classmate of the future novelist

Graham Greene Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991) was an English writer and journalist regarded by many as one of the leading English novelists of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquir ...

, who also would convert to Catholicism in 1926. Menasce translated into French works of the English poet T. S. Eliot, a friend. In 1922 he made the French translation of a book by the philosopher

Bertrand Russell Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British mathematician, philosopher, logician, and public intellectual. He had a considerable influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, linguistics, ...

, whom he knew as a fellow member of

Lady Ottoline Morrell Lady Ottoline Violet Anne Morrell (16 June 1873 – 21 April 1938) was an English aristocrat and society hostess. Her patronage was influential in artistic and intellectual circles, where she befriended writers including Aldous Huxley, Sieg ...

's salon at Oxford. From the poetry of

John Donne John Donne ( ; 22 January 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet, scholar, soldier and secretary born into a recusant family, who later became a clergy, cleric in the Church of England. Under royal patronage, he was made Dean of St Paul's ...

, the 17th-century

Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of th ...

priest, he had also made French versions. Thus he already enjoyed some recognition when in 1926 he became a convert to

Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

Conversion

In the meantime, de Menasce had continued to study law and philosophy at the Sorbonne in Paris. Then, while pursuing his interest in Zionism,

Chaim Weizmann Chaim Azriel Weizmann ( he, חיים עזריאל ויצמן ', russian: Хаим Евзорович Вейцман, ''Khaim Evzorovich Veytsman''; 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Russian-born biochemist, Zionist leader and Israel ...

, a family friend and future President of Israel, appointed him secretary of the Zionist Bureau in Geneva. He then traveled to Jerusalem. Returning to Paris, de Menasce entered a period of personal spiritual crisis, and painful growth. He began his lifelong friendship with the Catholic philosopher

Jacques Maritain Jacques Maritain (; 18 November 1882 – 28 April 1973) was a French Catholic philosopher. Raised Protestant, he was agnostic before converting to Catholicism in 1906. An author of more than 60 books, he helped to revive Thomas Aquinas fo ...

and his Jewish wife Raissa, both converts from

agnosticism Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. (page 56 in 1967 edition) Another definition provided is the view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficient ...

twenty years earlier. Another decisive new friend was

Louis Massignon Louis Massignon (25 July 1883 – 31 October 1962) was a Catholic scholar of Islam and a pioneer of Catholic-Muslim mutual understanding. He was an influential figure in the twentieth century with regard to the Catholic church's relationship w ...

, a scholar whose 4-volume study of the Islamic mystic

Al-Hallaj Al-Hallaj ( ar, ابو المغيث الحسين بن منصور الحلاج, Abū 'l-Muġīth Al-Ḥusayn bin Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj) or Mansour Hallaj ( fa, منصور حلاج, Mansūr-e Hallāj) ( 26 March 922) ( Hijri 309 AH) was a Per ...

had just been published. Massignon, also a convert, had met de Menasce at the ''La Revue juive'' he Jewish Review In this learned milieu, in an atmosphere of intense spiritual awareness, de Menasce converted. During his inquiring approach to Christianity with Massignon he had discussed the mystics

Theresa of Avila Teresa (also Theresa, Therese; french: Thérèse) is a feminine given name. It originates in the Iberian Peninsula in late antiquity. Its derivation is uncertain, it may be derived from Greek θερίζω (''therízō'') "to harvest or rea ...

and

Francis of Assisi Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a mystic Italian Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most venerated figures in Christianit ...

. He had also followed the modern naisance of Jewish-Christian dialogue. After his

baptism Baptism (from grc-x-koine, βάπτισμα, váptisma) is a form of ritual purification—a characteristic of many religions throughout time and geography. In Christianity, it is a Christian sacrament of initiation and adoption, almost inv ...

he spent the first months writing his book on

Hassidism Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism (Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות ''Ḥăsīdus'', ; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of contem ...

, ''Quand Israel aime Dieu''. According to

Adrian Hastings Adrian Hastings (23 June 1929 – 30 May 2001) was a Roman Catholic priest, historian and author. He wrote a book about the "Wiriyamu Massacre" during the Mozambican War of Independence and became an influential scholar of Christian history in ...

The book was "an exceptionally beautiful study of Jewish Hasidic holiness. It was, in a way, his farewell tribute to the religion of his ancestors, but one feels that he was able to make it only after he had rediscovered the God of Israel through the discovery of Jesus as Messiah."

He then spent two years in Cairo at his father's request. In 1930 he entered the

. His formation for the priesthood was conducted in Belgium at :fr:Le Saulchoir de Kain, and he was ordained in 1935.

As scholar-priest

Roles in the Church

Following an earlier suggestion of Massignon, Fr. Jean de Menasce pursued studies in the

Syriac language The Syriac language (; syc, / '), also known as Syriac Aramaic (''Syrian Aramaic'', ''Syro-Aramaic'') and Classical Syriac ܠܫܢܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ (in its literary and liturgical form), is an Aramaic language, Aramaic dialect that emerged during ...

. It led him into the academic world of religious studies, eventually becoming a professor. "The relationship of Christianity to Judaism and Islam, and to all the great world religions was central to his

missiology Missiology is the academic study of the Christian mission history and methodology, which began to be developed as an academic discipline in the 19th century. History Missiology as an academic discipline appeared only in the 19th century. It was ...

." Hence his scholarly affinity to the

Islamists Islamism (also often called political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism) is a political ideology which posits that modern states and regions should be reconstituted in constitutional, economic and judicial terms, in accordance with what is c ...

Massignon, Abd-el Jalil, and

Louis Gardet Louis Gardet (15 August 1905, in Toulouse – 17 July 1986) was a French Roman Catholic priest and historian. As an author he was an expert in Islamic culture and sociology who had a sympathetic view of Islam as a religion. He considered himself " ...

, as well as

Hendrik Kraemer Hendrik Kraemer (born 17 May 1888 in Amsterdam, died 11 November 1965 in Driebergen) was a lay missiologist and figure in the ecumenical movement from Dutch Reformed Church in the Netherlands. He encouraged the Dutch to allow the spread missionary ...

. In this context de Menasce approached the theme of

Catholic missions Missionary work of the Catholic Church has often been undertaken outside the geographically defined parishes and dioceses by religious orders who have people and material resources to spare, and some of which specialized in missions. Eventually, p ...

after

the second world war World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

. "The relationship of Christianity to Judaism and Islam, and to all the great world religions was central to his

." The priest and professor exerted an important influence within the wide horizons of French Catholic intellectual life. De Menasce was a close friend of the art critic :fr:Stanislas Fumet, of the essayist

Charles Du Bos Charles Du Bos (27 October 1882 – 5 August 1939) was a French essayist and critic, known for works including ''Approximations'' (1922–37), a seven-volume collection of essays and letters, and for his ''Journal'', an autobiographical work publis ...

, and of the ill-fated writer

Maurice Sachs Maurice Sachs (born Maurice Ettinghausen, 16 September 1906, Paris – 14 April 1945, Germany) was a French-Jewish writer. Biography Sachs was the son of a Jewish family of jewelers. He was educated in an English-style boarding-school, lived fo ...

, in addition to the above philosopher Jacques Maritain. Menasce also participated in the

neo-Thomist Neo-scholasticism (also known as neo-scholastic Thomism Accessed 27 March 2013 or neo-Thomism because of the great influence of the writings of Thomas Aquinas on the movement) is a revival and development of medieval scholasticism in Catholic the ...

revival within his Church, following Cardinal

Charles Journet Charles Journet (26 January 1891 – 15 April 1975) was a Swiss Roman Catholic theologian. He was the first Swiss named a cardinal. Journet has been considered a figure of holiness and a candidate for canonisation; he has been accorded the title ...

and Professor Maritain among others.

Jewish-Christian relations

De Menasce was continuously involved in fostering

Jewish-Christian relations Christianity began as a movement within Second Temple Judaism, but the two religions gradually diverged over the first few centuries of the Christian Era. Differences of opinion vary between denominations in both religions, but the most importa ...

. He played a major role in its evolution during the painful yet persistently hopeful post-war years. During this period, de Menasce lectured on contemporary Jewish thought, e.g., that of philosopher

Emmanuel Levinas Emmanuel Levinas (; ; 12 January 1906 – 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry who is known for his work within Jewish philosophy, existentialism, and phenomenology, focusing on the relationship of ethics to me ...

. He was one of nine Catholic participants among the seventy Jewish and Christian leaders at the

Seelisberg Conference The Seelisberg Conference, officially the International Emergency Conference on Anti-Semitism took place at Seelisberg in Central Switzerland from July 30 through August 5, 1947. The Conference was the Second Conference of the International Counci ...

on the

Shoah The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ar ...

in 1947. This international religious gathering in Switzerland addressed the world of pain and grief left by the searing ideological conflict. Sponsored by the

International Council of Christians and Jews The International Council of Christians and Jews (ICCJ) is an umbrella organization of 38 national groups in 32 countries worldwide engaged in the Christian-Jewish dialogue. Founded as a reaction to the Holocaust, many groups of theologians, hist ...

(ICCJ), it faced

antisemitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...

, seeking to heal wounds and to bridge divides, recent and ancient.

Zoroastrian studies

Iranian studies Iranian studies ( fa, ايران‌شناسی '), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It ...

de Menasce excelled. He became a recognized expert, a leader in the field. In the late 1930s he had studied with

Émile Benveniste Émile Benveniste (; 27 May 1902 – 3 October 1976) was a French structural linguist and semiotician. He is best known for his work on Indo-European languages and his critical reformulation of the linguistic paradigm established by Ferdinand de ...

in Fribourg. During the war he prepared his translation of the Škand-Gumānīk Vičār by Mardan-Farrukk, a ninth century

. The book included transcriptions of the text in

and in

Pazand Pazend () or Pazand ( pal, 𐭯𐭠𐭰𐭭𐭣; ae, 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌) is one of the writing systems used for the Middle Persian language. It was based on the Avestan alphabet, a phonetic alphabet originally used to w ...

, a glossary, and his extensive annotations. He scrutinized the comparative theology of this polemical work, which consciously employs reason to criticize the monotheism of Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Each of its chapters is introduced, translated into French, and followed by commentary. The clarity of his language was remarkable. The book was dedicated to his teacher and friend, Professor Benveniste. In 1947 the

University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

invited him to give a series of seminars at the

on the Zoroastrian texts, the Denkart. His work here was published in 1958. Menasce was a leader in investigating the

epigraphy Epigraphy () is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the wr ...

of the

Sasanian Empire The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the History of Iran, last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th cen ...

. With

Henry Corbin Henry Corbin (14 April 1903 – 7 October 1978)Shayegan, DaryushHenry Corbin in Encyclopaedia Iranica. was a French philosopher, theologian, and Iranologist, professor of Islamic studies at the École pratique des hautes études. He was influe ...

and

Gilbert Lazard Gilbert Lazard ( – ) was a French linguist and Iranologist. His works include the study of various Iranian languages, translations of classical Persian poetry, and research on linguistic typology, notably on morphosyntactic alignment. He also s ...

he was a founder of the Association pour l'advancement de études iraniennes. His academic production on Zoroastrian subjects accumulated, including an article on imperial Sasanid law. De Menasce illustrated points of convergence between Zoroastrian theological reasoning and the Muslim philosophic school of

Mu'tazila Muʿtazila ( ar, المعتزلة ', English: "Those Who Withdraw, or Stand Apart", and who called themselves ''Ahl al-ʿAdl wa al-Tawḥīd'', English: "Party of ivineJustice and Oneness f God); was an Islamic group that appeared in early Islamic ...

, whereby the deity Allah would be understood as divorced from "all cause" 'toute causalité''of evil in the world. He probed Augustine's period as a

Manichean Manichaeism (; in New Persian ; ) is a former major religionR. van den Broek, Wouter J. Hanegraaff ''Gnosis and Hermeticism from Antiquity to Modern Times''SUNY Press, 1998 p. 37 founded in the 3rd century AD by the Parthian Empire, Parthian ...

, a dualist religion derived in part from Zoroastrianism; Augustine later converted to Christianity and became a

Church Father The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity. The historical per ...

. His continued study of the Denkart eventually resulted in further seminars at the Sorbonne in 1962-1964, and the posthumous publication of his work on the Denkart's third book.

Publications and posts

The published works of de Menasce include books and articles on subjects including: theology, philosophy, law,

history of religions The history of religion refers to the written record of human religious feelings, thoughts, and ideas. This period of religious history begins with the invention of writing about 5,200 years ago (3200 BC). The prehistory of religion involves th ...

, Zoroastrianism, and also

Zionism Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after ''Zion'') is a Nationalism, nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is ...

, and

. His reputation could rest on his translations alone, made into French from several different languages. Starting in 1936 he had served as professor at the

University of Fribourg The University of Fribourg (french: Université de Fribourg; german: Universität Freiburg) is a public university located in Fribourg, Switzerland. The roots of the university can be traced back to 1580, when the notable Jesuit Peter Canisius ...

in Switzerland. In 1939 in Paris he became research professor for the religions of ancient Iran. In 1945 de Menasce participated in founding the journal ''Nouvelle Revue de Science Missionaire/Neue Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft''. 1954-1955, he taught at

Harvard Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...

, and at

Princeton Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine ...

, where he renewed his friendship with Jacques Maritain. From 1949 until 1970 he was Director of Studies at l'

École pratique des hautes études The École pratique des hautes études (), abbreviated EPHE, is a Grand Établissement in Paris, France. It is highly selective, and counted among France's most prestigious research and higher education institutions. It is a constituent college o ...

in Paris; here an academic chair had been created especially for him.

An appreciation, his passing

A Muslim colleague said of him, " made possible a degree of communication amongst us that would have been much more difficult in his absence." After suffering strokes in 1959 and 1969, Father de Menasce died at the age of 70 in 1973.Starting text of this article translated 11 July 2012 from "Jean de Menasce" at Wikipédia francophone.

Bibliography

Selected publications

Books * ''Quand Israël aime Dieu : Introduction au hassidisme'', préface de Guy Monnot. Paris: Plon, 1931 ; Éditions du Cerf, 1992 ; Cerf, 2007. * ''Arabische Philosophie''. Bern: Francke, 1948. * ''Une Encyclopédie mazdiénne, le Dēnkart'', in journal of ''Bibliothèque de l'École Pratique des Hautes Études'', Sciences Religieuses, LXIX, Paris 1958 (essay collection). * ''Réflexions sur

Zurvan Zurvanism is a fatalistic religious movement of Zoroastrianism in which the divinity Zurvan is a first principle (primordial creator deity) who engendered equal-but-opposite twins, Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu. Zurvanism is also known as "Zurva ...

''. A locust's leg, 1962. * ''Permanence et transformation de la mission'', 1967 (his collected missiological essays, includes the rebuttal to Hendrik Kraemer). * ''La Porte sur le Jardin'', textes recueillis et présentés par Robert Rochefort, introduction du cardinal

. Paris: Cerf, 1975. Articles * "Situation du sionisme", ''Chroniques'', coll. « Roseau d'or » n° 5; Paris: Plon 1928, 53p. * "Augustin manichéen" in Rychar & Boehlich, eds., ''Freudesgabe fũr Ernest Robert Curtius'' (Bern 1956). * "Les religions de l'Iran et l'ancien Testament" (Louvain, c.1958). * "Le temps, le démon et le doute, selon le Mazdéisme" at

Musée Guimet The Guimet Museum (full name in french: Musée national des arts asiatiques-Guimet; MNAAG; ) is an art museum located at 6, place d'Iéna in the XVIe arrondissement, 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. Literally translated into English, its ful ...

, 8 March 1959. * "Feux et fondations pieuses dans le droit

sassanid The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th centuries AD. Named ...

e", Paris: Klincksieck 1964, 62p. * "Contemplative Life and Missions," IRM 56 (1967): 330-337. * "Zoroastrian

Writings" in ''Cambridge History of Iran'', v. III/2 (1985), pp. 1161-1195. Translations *From English: Bertrand Russell, ''Mysticisme et logique, suivi d'autres essais, traduits de l'anglais, par Jean de Menasce'' (Paris: Payot 1922). *From German: Max Scheler, ''L'homme du ressentiment'' (Paris 1933; Paris: Gallimard 1958). *From Hebrew (collaboration): "Daniel" (Paris: Cerf 1954); included in '' La Bible de Jérusalem'' (Paris: Cerf 1956). *From

: **Mardan-Farrukh, '' Škand-Gumānīk Vičār. La solution décisive des doutes. Une apologétique Mazdéenne du IXe siècle'' (Fribourg en Suisse: Librairie de l'Université 1945). **Artupat i Emetan, ''Le Troisième Livre du Dēnkart'' (Paris: Klincksieck

973 Year 973 ( CMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – The Byzantine army, led by General Melias (Domestic of the S ...

1984), wit
Extraits en ligne

Criticism, commentary

Books * Ph. Gignoux et A. Tafazzoli, editors, ''Mémorial Jean de Menasce'', Louvain: Impremerie orientaliste, 1974 estschrift** Dominique Avon, ''Les Frères prêcheurs en Orient : Les dominicains du Caire (années 1910 - années 1960)''. Paris: Cerf/Histoire, 2005, wit
Extraits en ligne
** :fr:Philippe Chenaux, ''Entre Maurras et Maritain : Une génération intellectuelle catholique (1920-1930)''. Paris:

Éditions du Cerf ''Éditions du Cerf'' ( French: "Editions of the Deer") is a French publishing house specializing in religious books. It was founded in 1929, and operated by the Dominican Order. The name is a reference to Psalm 42 (41): As the hart pantet ...

, 1999 ** Frédéric Gugelot, ''La Conversion des intellectuels au catholicisme en France, 1885-1935'', Paris:

CNRS The French National Centre for Scientific Research (french: link=no, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,637 ...

Éditions, 1998 ** Michael Haag, ''Alexandria: City of Memory''. London and New Haven: Yale U P, 2004. ncludes extensive biographical material on the Menasce family including Jean de Menasce. Articles * R. Curiel, « En souvenir de Jean de Menasce (1902-1973) », ''Studia Iranica Chauvigny'', 1978, vol. 7, n° 2 * Ph. Gignoux et A. Tafazzoli, "J. P. de Menasce 1902-1973 Biographie" in ''Mémorial Jean de Menasce'', Louvain, 1974, pp. vii-xv * Philippe Gignoux
"Menasce, Jean Pierre de"
in ''

Encyclopaedia Iranica An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...

'' (2014) *

"The Legacy of Pierre Jean de Menasce"
IBMR 21 (October 1997). * G. Lazard, « Jean de Menasce (1902-1973) », ''

Journal asiatique The ''Journal asiatique'' (full earlier title ''Journal Asiatique ou Recueil de Mémoires, d'Extraits et de Notices relatifs à l'Histoire, à la Philosophie, aux Langues et à la Littérature des Peuples Orientaux'') is a biannual peer-reviewed a ...

'', 1974, vol. 262 n° 3-4 * Anaël Levy
"Jean de Menasce: juif, sioniste, prétre. De la Renaissance juive au dialogue judéo-chrétien" (2010).
* V. Python, "L'oeuvre du P. de Menasce OP (1902-1973) sur les missions et le mazdéisme," NZM 30 (1974): 161 - 172. * Jean-Michel Roessli (dir.), « Jean de Menasce, 1902-1973 », Fribourg (Suisse), Bibliothèque cantonale et universitaire, 1998 * Marc R. Spindler

in ''Dictionary of African Christian Biography''. ** Éditions du Cerf
"Jean de Menasce (1902-1973) 20e siècle"
** GoldenMap.com
"Jean de Menasce"

Reference notes

The initial version of this article was translated in July 2012 from French Wikipedia: :fr:Jean de Menasce.

External links

Article de Charly Veuthey
{{DEFAULTSORT:Menasce, Jean De Dominican scholars Judaic scholars French orientalists 20th-century French Catholic theologians French Dominicans French Iranologists Middle Eastern studies scholars École pratique des hautes études faculty People from Alexandria 1902 births 1973 deaths Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism 20th-century French historians