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CNRS
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (, , CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,637 staff, including 11,137 tenured researchers, 13,415 engineers and technical staff, and 7,085 contractual workers. It is headquartered in Paris and has administrative offices in Brussels, Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore, Washington, D.C., Bonn, Moscow, Tunis, Johannesburg, Santiago de Chile, Israel, and New Delhi. Organization The CNRS operates on the basis of research units, which are of two kinds: "proper units" (UPRs) are operated solely by the CNRS, and Joint Research Units (UMRs – ) are run in association with other institutions, such as universities or INSERM. Members of Joint Research Units may be either CNRS researchers or university employees ( ''maîtres de conférences'' or ''professeurs''). Each research unit has a numeric code attached and is typically headed by a university profe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine Bréchignac
Catherine Bréchignac (; born 12 June 1946) is a French physicist. She is a commander of the Légion d'honneur, "secrétaire perpétuel honoraire" of the Académie des sciences and former president of the CNRS ("National Centre for Scientific Research"). ''The Times'' says she has "a formidable reputation for determination, decisiveness and an aptitude for analysing and clarifying complex matters." As a president of the CNRS, she was responsible for 25,000 employees, 12,000 of whom are researchers, and a budget of 2.42 billion Euros. Biography Daughter of the physicist Jean Teillac, Catherine Bréchignac entered the École Normale Supérieure de Fontenay-aux-Roses in 1967, she received her ''DEA'' (Masters-level qualification) at the '' Faculté des sciences d'Orsay'' in 1971, her doctorate in 1977, and became a Research Director in 1985. In 1989, she became director of the Aimé Cotton laboratory and was Director General of the CNRS from 1997 to 2000. She clashed with Clau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Meunier
Bernard Meunier (born 11 March 1947) is a French chemist and academic. He has been a member of the French Academy of Sciences, Académie des sciences since 1999. Career After a doctorate at the University of Montpellier in November 1971 under the supervision of Robert Corriu, he obtained a state doctorate at the University of Paris-Sud in Orsay in June 1977 (with Hugh Felkin as thesis supervisor). After a post-doctoral fellowship at University of Oxford, Oxford University (September 1977 - August 1978) he joined the Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS Coordination Chemistry Laboratory in Toulouse in September 1979. He joined the CNRS in January 1973 in Gif-sur-Yvette at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS Institute of Natural Substances Chemistry, where he rose through all levels to become Director of Research specialising in oxidation chemistry, particularly in the field of biology and therapeutic chemistry (antitumours, antiparasites and regul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Jacob (geologist)
Charles Jacob (1878-1962) was a French geologist. He served as the president of the French National Centre for Scientific Research from 1940 to 1944 under Vichy France. Early life Charles Jacob was born in 1878. Career Jacob was a geologist. He became a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1931. Jacob served as the president of the French National Centre for Scientific Research from 1940 to 1944. He encouraged research in nutrition, energy and medicine to ease the impact on daily life by the German occupation. Jacob was dismissive of democracy and the left-wing Popular Front. He was also critical of judaism and freemasons. He once described Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ... as "a staunch socialist who went through hard times". Death Jacob d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Pellat
René Pellat (24 February 1936 – 4 August 2003) was a French astrophysicist who co-founded modern plasma physics in France along with Guy Laval. He also headed major French national research agencies including the French Space Agency and the French National Centre for Scientific Research. Education and career Pellat was in Hussein Dey in Algiers to parents who were both schoolteachers, the father Georges Guy René Pellat and the mother Alexandrine Deodatti, who got married in 1933. Pellat carried out his studies in Algeria until the preparatory classes at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. He entered the École polytechnique in 1956. After his studies at the École Polytechnique, he joined the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées with the clear intention of engaging in research. In 1962, he was connected to Guy Laval at the disposal of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). These two young researchers would create a school of plasma physics, stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Ranks In France
The following summarizes basic academic ranks in the French higher education system. Most academic institutions are state-run and most academics with permanent positions are civil servants, and thus are tenured (after a one-year probationary period). Several parallel career paths exist, depending on the type of institution. The three paths correspond to teacher-researchers (''enseignants-chercheurs''), researchers, and teachers. It is possible to be promoted from one path to another. Several ranks exist within each path. Increases in rank (for example, the promotion from associate professor to full professor) come with an increase in salary and responsibility and are subject to some conditions, such as the habilitation. In most cases, moving to a higher rank requires going through an open recruitment competition, the same procedure used for initially obtaining the position in the lower rank. Temporary positions include PhD students, postdoctoral researchers, and temporary teache ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Teissier
Georges Teissier (19 February 1900 – 7 January 1972) was a mathematical biologist who contributed to the modern synthesis with quantitative methods. Along with Philippe L'Heritier he developed methods of studying ''Drosophila'' genetics in what are known as population cages. They established a French school of population genetics that was largely unknown outside. Teissier was born in Paris where his parents were schoolteachers with a Calvinist upbringing. Growing up with an interest in natural history, he studied mathematics at the École Normale Supérieure from 1919. He took an interest in marine biology, studying Cnidaria. He examined anisotropy and polarity in early development. In 1927 he examined the mathematics of animal growth and developed biometric methods. His dissertation in 1931 was on the development of ''Tenebrio molitor'' and ''Galleria mellonella'' in which he described allometric growth using log-transformed growth curves. He also developed methods of correlatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunis
Tunis (, ') is the capital city, capital and largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as "Grand Tunis", has about 2,700,000 inhabitants. , it is the third-largest city in the Maghreb region (after Casablanca and Algiers) and the List of largest cities in the Arab world, eleventh-largest in the Arab world. Situated on the Gulf of Tunis, behind the Lake of Tunis and the port of La Goulette (Ḥalq il-Wād), the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. At its core lies the Medina of Tunis, Medina, a World Heritage Site. East of the Medina, through the Sea Gate (also known as the ''Bab el Bhar'' and the ''Porte de France''), begins the modern part of the city called "Ville Nouvelle", traversed by the grand Avenue Habib Bourguiba (often referred to by media and travel guides as "the Tunisian Champs-Élysées"), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller, older structures. Further east by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Research Unit
A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's skeletal system into a functional whole.Saladin, Ken. Anatomy & Physiology. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill Connect. Webp.274/ref> They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movement. Some joints, such as the knee, elbow, and shoulder, are self-lubricating, almost frictionless, and are able to withstand compression and maintain heavy loads while still executing smooth and precise movements. Other joints such as sutures between the bones of the skull permit very little movement (only during birth) in order to protect the brain and the sense organs. The connection between a tooth and the jawbone is also called a joint, and is described as a fibrous joint known as a gomphosis. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally. Joints play a vital role in the human body, contributing to movement, stability, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frédéric Joliot-Curie
Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie (; ; 19 March 1900 – 14 August 1958) was a French chemist and physicist who received the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with his wife, Irène Joliot-Curie, for their discovery of induced radioactivity. They were the second married couple, after his parents-in-law, to win the Nobel Prize, adding to the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. Joliot-Curie and his wife also founded the Orsay Faculty of Sciences, part of the Paris-Saclay University. Biography Early years Born in Paris, France, Frédéric Joliot was a graduate of ESPCI Paris. In 1925 he became an assistant to Marie Curie, at the Radium Institute. He fell in love with her daughter Irène Curie, and soon after their marriage in 1926 they both changed their surnames to Joliot-Curie. At the insistence of Marie, Joliot-Curie obtained a second baccalauréat, a bachelor's degree, and a doctorate in science, doing his thesis on the electrochemistry of radio-elements. Career W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Mercier(CNRS Director General)
Jean Mercier may refer to: * Jean Mercier (engineer) (1901–1971), French engineer * Jean Le Mercier (died 1397), French politician, advisor to kings Charles V and Charles VI * Jean Mercier (Hebraist) (died 1570), French Hebraist * Jean Ernest Mercier (1840–1907), French translator, historian and politician See also * Jean Mercer (fl. 1950s–2010s), American developmental psychologist and professor {{hndis, Mercier, Jean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Brézin
Édouard Brézin (; born 1 December 1938 Paris) is a French theoretical physicist. He is professor at Université Paris 6, working at the laboratory for theoretical physics (LPT) of the École Normale Supérieure since 1986. Biography Brézin was born in Paris, France, to agnostic Jewish parents from Poland. His father served in the French army during World War II and was taken prisoner by the Germans in 1940, but escaped. The family used false names and Brézin was hidden by farmers. Brézin studied at École Polytechnique before doing a PhD. He worked at the theory division of the '' Commissariat à l'énergie atomique'' in Saclay until 1986. Brezin contributed to the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter and high energy physics. He was a leader in critical behavior theory and developed methods for distilling testable predictions for critical exponents. In using field theoretic techniques in the study of condensed matter, Brezin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
