Catherine Bréchignac (; born 12 June 1946) is a French

physicist A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate cau ...

. She is a commander of the Légion d'honneur, "secrétaire perpétuel honoraire" of the Académie des sciences and former president of the CNRS ("National Centre for Scientific Research"). ''

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'' says she has "a formidable reputation for determination, decisiveness and an aptitude for analysing and clarifying complex matters." As a president of the CNRS, she was responsible for 25,000 employees, 12,000 of whom are researchers, and a budget of 2.42 billion

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Biography

Daughter of the physicist Jean Teillac, Catherine Bréchignac entered the École Normale Supérieure de Fontenay-aux-Roses in 1967, she received her ''DEA'' (Masters-level qualification) at the '' Faculté des sciences d'Orsay'' in 1971, her doctorate in 1977, and became a Research Director in 1985. In 1989, she became director of the Aimé Cotton laboratory and was Director General of the CNRS from 1997 to 2000. She clashed with Claude Allègre, the minister at the time, over reforms she oversaw at the institution. She became President of the ''Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée'' ("Institute of Optical Theory and Practice") in 2003 and of the ''Palais de la découverte'' ("Palace of Discovery") in 2004. In 2005, she was elected future president of the International Council for Science (ICSU). ICSU] She was appointed President of the CNRS at the Council of Ministers of 11 January 2006 on the recommendation of François Goulard, the minister for higher education and research. She was replaced by Alain Fuchs in 2010, even though she was a candidate to her own succession. She was "secrétaire perpétuel" (permanent secretary) of the Académie des sciences, Division 1, from 2011 to 2018.

Field

According to the International Council for Science, Bréchignac co-founded the field of cluster physics, which straddles the gap between atomic, molecular and solid-state physics. Clusters are "the precursors of nano-objects."

Other functions and honours

* President of the CNRS * Member of the Institute * President of the Board of the Palais de la Découverte * President of the International Council for Science * Member of the Academy of Technologies * Director of

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* "Commandeur" of the Legion d'honneurDécret du 18 avril 2014 portant promotion
''Journal officiel'' de la République française, n°0094, 20 April 2014, p. 6950 * Prix de l 'Académie des Sciences (1991) * CNRS Silver Medal (1994) * Correspondent member of the Academy of Sciences (1997) * Winner of the Holweck Medal (2003) * Member of the Academy of Sciences (2005) * Doctor Honoris Causa of the Freie Universität Berlin (2003), the Georgia Tech Institute (2006) and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (2007)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brechignac, Catherine 1946 births Living people Members of the French Academy of Sciences French women physicists French women scientists Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour Commanders of the Ordre national du Mérite ENS Fontenay-Saint-Cloud-Lyon alumni Scientists from Paris