The Japanese is the Japanese domestic counterpart to the IUCN

Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biologi ...

of Threatened Species. The national Red List is compiled and maintained by the Ministry of the Environment, alongside a separate Red List for marine organisms. Similarly drawing on the relevant scientific authorities, NGOs, and local governments, the Ministry of the Environment also prepares and publishes a that provides further information on

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

and

habitat In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...

s. The first Red List was published by the then Environmental Agency as part of the first Red Data Book in 1991; in 2020, the fifth edition of the fourth version of the Red List was published. In line with the Marine Biodiversity Conservation Strategy, decided upon by the Ministry in 2011, in 2017 the first Marine Life Red List was published, excluding species subject to international agreements, such as those within the remit of the

Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission The Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) is both a general and a tuna regional fisheries management organisation established to conserve and manage tuna and other highly migratory fish stocks across the western and central a ...

(WCPFC) (''e.g.'',

Pacific bluefin tuna The Pacific bluefin tuna (''Thunnus orientalis'') is a predatory species of tuna found widely in the northern Pacific Ocean, but it is migratory and also recorded as a visitor to the south Pacific. In the past it was often included in '' T. thyn ...

) and

International Whaling Commission The International Whaling Commission (IWC) is a specialised regional fishery management organisation, established under the terms of the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) to "provide for the proper conservation ...

(IWC), species under evaluation by the

Fisheries Agency The Fisheries Agency (FA; ) is the agency of the Council of Agriculture of the Taiwan (ROC) responsible for all matters relating to fisheries. History In May 1998, the amendment of the Regulation for the Organization of the Council of Agricult ...

, smaller Cetaceans, and those already evaluated for the Red List. With the renewed focus on evaluating the rarity or otherwise of marine life in line with the National Biodiversity Strategy 2012–2020, using the same evaluation criteria and categories as the Ministry of the Environment, and working in collaboration with the Ministry, the

has also produced a Red List of marine resources and smaller Cetaceans, excluding species subject to international agreements, such as those in the remit of the WCPFC and IWC. Evaluations of 94 species were published in 2017, all falling outside the rankings (''i.e.'', being of

Least Concern A least-concern species is a species that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as evaluated as not being a focus of species conservation because the specific species is still plentiful in the wild. T ...

), other than ''

Pleuronichthys ''Pleuronichthys'' is a genus of fish in the family Pleuronectidae found in the Pacific Ocean. Species There are currently 7 recognized species in this genus: * '' Pleuronichthys coenosus'' Girard, 1854 (C-O sole) * '' Pleuronichthys cornu ...

japonicus'' (Data Deficient). The Red List (and Red Data Book) itself has no legal force but is intended to be used to provide information and to serve as a "warning to society". Appropriate action may be taken under the 1992 ''Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Act'' a

Classification

As of the 2020 edition, thirteen

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

are used for classification purposes by the Ministry of the Environment: *

Fauna Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is ''flora'', and for fungi, it is ''funga''. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as ''Biota (ecology ...

** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** *

Flora Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous (ecology), indigenous) native plant, native plants. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms '' ...

** ** ** ** ** Five further taxa are used for the Marine Life Red List: :* :* :* :* :* The following categories are used to indicate organisms'

conservation status The conservation status of a group of organisms (for instance, a species) indicates whether the group still exists and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservatio ...

specifically within Japan; where a species or subspecies is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

, the status EX ( Extinct) is indicative of its global status. Dugong Marsa Alam

Statistics

Extinct taxa

* Mammals:

Hokkaido wolf The Hokkaido wolf (''Canis lupus hattai''), also known as the and in Russia as the Sakhalin wolf,Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998''Mammals of the Soviet Union'' Vol.II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears) Science Pub ...

(''Canis lupus hattai''),

Japanese wolf The Japanese wolf ( ja, ニホンオオカミ（日本狼）, ja, script=Latn, label= Hepburn, Nihon ōkami, or , below]; ''Canis lupus hodophilax''), also known as the Honshū wolf, is an extinct subspecies of the gray wolf that was once endem ...

(''Canis lupus hodophilax''),

Japanese river otter The (''Lutra nippon'') or Japanese river otter is an extinct species of otter formerly widespread in Japan. Dating back to the 1880s, it was even seen in Tokyo. The population suddenly shrank in the 1930s, and the mammal nearly vanished. Since ...

(''Lutra lutra nippon''), Hokkaido river otter (''Lutra lutra whiteleyi''), Okinawa flying fox (''Pteropus loochoensis'') , (''Rhinolophus pumilus miyakonis''), Bonin pipistrelle (''Pipistrellus sturdeei'') * Birds: Crested shelduck (''Tadorna cristata'') , Ryukyu wood pigeon (''Columba jouyi'') , Bonin wood pigeon (''Columba versicolor'') , Bonin nankeen night heron (''Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris'') ,

Iwo Jima rail The Iwo Jima rail or white-browed crake (''Poliolimnas cinereus brevipes'') was a rail native to the island of Iwo Jima. The last reported sightings were in 1924, and the species is believed to be extinct. It was a subspecies of the white-brow ...

(''Porzana cinerea brevipes'') , Daito buzzard (''Buteo buteo oshiroi''), Ryukyu kingfisher (''Todiramphus miyakoensis''),

Tristram's woodpecker Tristram's woodpecker (''Dryocopus javensis richardsi'') (, Japanese: ) is a Korean subspecies of the white-bellied woodpecker. It was firstly identified and described by English scholar and ornithologist Henry Baker Tristram in 1879. Descript ...

(''Dryocopus javensis richardsi''), Izu Peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus furuitii''), Daito varied tit, (''Poecile varius orii''), Mukojima white-eye (''Apalopteron familiare familiare''), Daito wren (''Troglodytes troglodytes orii''),

Bonin thrush The Bonin thrush (''Zoothera terrestris''), also known as Kittlitz's thrush or the Bonin Islands thrush, is an extinct species of Asian thrush. It is sometimes separated as the only species of the genus ''Cichlopasser''. The only place where th ...

(''Cichlopasser terrestris'') , Southern

Ryukyu robin The Ryukyu robin (''Larvivora komadori'') is a bird endemic to the Ryūkyū Islands, of Japan. The Okinawa robin (''Larvivora namiyei'') previously was considered a subspecies. The specific name ''komadori'' is, somewhat confusingly, the co ...

(''Luscinia komadori subrufus''),

Bonin grosbeak The Bonin grosbeak or Bonin Islands grosbeak (''Carpodacus ferreorostris'') is an extinct finch. It is one of the diverse bird taxa that are vernacularly called "grosbeaks", but it is not closely related to the grosbeaks ''sensu stricto''. Many ...

(''Chaunoproctus ferreorostris'') * Brackish and Freshwater Fish: Green sturgeon (''Acipenser medirostris''), '' Gnathopogon elongatus suwae'', Amur stickleback (''Pungitius kaibarae'') * Insects: '' Ishikawatrechus intermedius'', '' Rakantrechus elegans'', '' Prodaticus satoi'' a '' Macroplea japana'' * Molluscs: '' Ogasawarana chichijimana'' , '' Ogasawarana habei'' , '' Ogasawarana rex'' , ''

Assiminea ''Assiminea'' is a genus of minute, salt-tolerant snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks, or micromollusks, in the family Assimineidae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Assiminea Fleming, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' sp. D, '' Hirasea diplomphalus latispira'', '' Hirasea eutheca'' , '' Hirasea goniobasis'' , '' Hirasea hypolia'' , '' Hirasea major'' , '' Hirasea nesiotica'' liobasis, '' Hirasea planulata biconcava'', '' Hirasea planulata planulata'', '' Hirasea profundispira'' , '' Hirasea sinuosa'' , '' Hirasiella clara'' , ''

Lamprocystis hahajimana ''Lamprocystis hahajimana'' is a species of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Euconulidae, the hive snails. This species is endemic to Japan. The specific epithet is taken from the name of ...

pachychilus'', '' Trochochlamys ogasawarana'' , '' Vitrinula chichijimana'' , '' Vitrinula hahajimana'' * Other Invertebrates: '' Compressalges nipponiae'' * Vascular Plants: ''

Elatostema ''Elatostema'' is a genus of flowering plants containing approximately 350 known species in the nettle family (biology), family Urticaceae, native plant, native to tropical forest clearings throughout Australasia, Asia and Africa. There may be as ...

lineolatum'' var. ''majus'', '' Ranunculus gmelinii'', ''

Rubus ''Rubus'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, with over 1,350 species. Raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries are common, widely distributed members of the genus. Most of the ...

hatsushimae'', ''

Flemingia strobilifera ''Flemingia strobilifera'', commonly known as the luck plant or wild hops, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, and subfamily Faboideae. It is native to South, East and Southeast Asia. Range It is common in China, Taiw ...

'', ''

Lespedeza ''Lespedeza'' is a genus of some 40 species (including nothospecies) of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), commonly known as bush clovers or (particularly East Asian species) Japanese clovers (''hagi''). The genus is native to warm t ...

hisauchii'', ''

Euphrasia ''Euphrasia'', or eyebright, is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae (formerly included in the Scrophulariaceae), with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are semi-parasitic on grasses and other ...

insignis insignis'' var. ''omiensis'', ''

insignis insignis'' var. ''pubigera'', ''

multifolia'' var. ''kirisimana'', ''

Cirsium ''Cirsium'' is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles. They are more precisely known as plume thistles. These differ from other thistle genera (''Carduus'', '' Sily ...

toyoshimae'', ''

Aletris ''Aletris'', the colicroot, colicweed, crow corn, or unicorn root, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Nartheciaceae, native to North America and to eastern and southeastern Asia, especially China. It was used as a component in Lydia P ...

makiyataroi'', '' Burmannia coelestris'', '' Thismia tuberculata'', ''

Eriocaulon ''Eriocaulon'' is a genus of about 400 species commonly known as pipeworts, of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Eriocaulaceae. The genus is widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical regio ...

cauliferum'', ''

Cyperus ''Cyperus'' is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions. Description They are annual or perennial plants, mostly aquatic and growing in still or slow-moving ...

diaphanus'', ''

procerus'', '' Fimbristylis leptoclada'' var. ''takamineana'', '' Fimbristylis pauciflora'', '' Acanthephippium striatum'' *Algae: '' Chara fibrosa'' var. ''brevibracteata'', ' var. ''hakonensis'', '' Nitella minispora'', ''

Porphyra ''Porphyra'' is a genus of coldwater seaweeds that grow in cold, shallow seawater. More specifically, it belongs to red algae phylum of laver species (from which comes laverbread), comprising approximately 70 species.Brodie, J.A. and Irvine, ...

angusta'' *Lichens: '' Erioderma tomentosum'', ''

Heterodermia ''Heterodermia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 80 species. Description ''Heterodermia'' are subterranean or almost upright l ...

angustiloba'', ''

leucomelos'', '' Siphula ceratites'' *Fungi: ''

Agaricus ''Agaricus'' is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide and possibly again as many disputed or newly-discovered species. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom ('' Agaricus bi ...

hahashimensis'', '' Albatrellus cantharellus'', '' Camarophyllus microbicolor'', '' Chlorophyllum agaricoides'', ''

Circulocolumella ''Circulocolumella'' is a genus of fungus in the Hysterangiaceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ''Circulocolumella hahashimensis'', found in the Bonin Islands The Bonin Islands, also known as the , are an archip ...

hahashimensis'', ''

Clitocybe ''Clitocybe'' is a genus of mushrooms characterized by white, off-white, buff, cream, pink, or light-yellow spores, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing forest grou ...

castaneofloccosa'', '' Collybia matris'', ''

Coprinus ''Coprinus'' is a small genus of mushroom-forming fungi consisting of ''Coprinus comatus''the shaggy ink cap (British) or shaggy mane (American)and several of its close relatives. Until 2001, ''Coprinus'' was a large genus consisting of all ag ...

boninensis'', '' Cyathus boninensis'', '' Ganoderma colossus'', ''

Gymnopilus ''Gymnopilus'' is a genus of gilled mushrooms within the fungal family Strophariaceae containing about 200 rusty-orange spored mushroom species formerly divided among ''Pholiota'' and the defunct genus ''Flammula''. The fruit body is typically ...

noviholocirrhus'', ''

Hygrocybe ''Hygrocybe'' is a genus of agarics (gilled fungi) in the family (biology), family Hygrophoraceae. Called waxcaps in English (sometimes waxy caps in North America), basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are often brightly coloured and have dry to waxy pile ...

macrospora'', ''

miniatostriata'', '' Lactarius ogasawarashimensis'', ''

Lentinus ''Lentinus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus is widely distributed, with many species found in subtropical regions. The genus name ''Lentinus'' is derived from the Latin ''lent'', meaning "pliable", and ''inus'', meani ...

lamelliporus'', ''

Lepiota ''Lepiota'' is a genus of gilled mushrooms in the family Agaricaceae. All ''Lepiota'' species are ground-dwelling saprotrophs with a preference for rich, calcareous soils. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid with whitish spores, typically ...

boninensis'', '' Leptoglossum boninense'', ''

Lycoperdon ''Lycoperdon'' is a genus of puffball mushrooms. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 50 species. In general, it contains the smaller species such as the pear-shaped puffball and the gem-studded puffball. It was formerly cla ...

henningsii'', '' Pleurotus cyatheae'', ''

Pluteus ''Pluteus'' is a large genus of fungi with over 300 species. They are wood rotting saprobes with pink spore prints and gills that are free from the stem. The Latin word ''Pluteus'' means ''shed or penthouse''. Characteristics of the genus ...

daidoi'', ''

horridilamellus'', '' Psathyrella boninensis'', '' Pyrrhoglossum subpurpureum'', '' Rhodophyllus brunneolus'', ''

Russula ''Russula'' is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. They are typically common, fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushr ...

boninensis'' * Coral: Merulina coral (''Boninastrea boninensis'')

Prefectural Red Lists

Localized Red Lists and Red Data are also prepared and published by a number of Prefectural Governments, including those of Hokkaidō and

Okinawa is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi). Naha is the capital and largest city ...

Classification

Statistics

Extinct taxa

Prefectural Red Lists

See also

References

External links