Jakoba Helena Mulder (Breda, 2 March 1900 – Amsterdam, 5 November 1988) was a Dutch architect and urban planner remembered for her designs of two large city parks and the creation of livable housing and play spaces in Amsterdam.

Biography

When she was 18, Ko Mulder enrolled in the architecture program at the Delft University of Technology as "one of the first girls to apply to study architecture." She completed her degree as a construction engineer in 1926 and was the first female to graduate in the urban design program. According to Dijksterhuis, she met with early success.

When she won a fire station design competition after graduation, her anonymously submitted design was praised for its 'masculine toughness.' The surprise was great when it turned out that the maker was a woman.

In 1926, she was hired by the municipality of

Delft Delft () is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, ...

to work as a deputy architect on several projects including expansion plans for the town. In 1930, she joined the Amsterdam urban development department as an assistant to the urban development architect and supervising 30 male artists. There she worked for Theodoor K. van Lohuizen and Cornelis van Eesteren, among others. Amsterdamse-bos-heuvel

Amsterdamse Bos park

Mulder's first big assignment was the design of Amsterdamse Bos, a 200-acre space in the city that was three times the size of New York’s Central Park. From 1935 until its completion in 1970, Jakoba Mulder was head of the team of various experts in soil science, water management, flora and fauna, and also in sports, nature education and public health. Throughout her life, she was popularly known as "Miss of the Bos" because of her work and continuing interest in the design of the famously wooded park.

Beatrix Park

From 1936 to 1939, she designed the city's Beatrix Park, which was named in 1938 after the newly born Princess Beatrix. Future past glory (1)

The park now features a monument erected in Mulder's honor titled ''Future Past Glory''. It was designed by the artists Liet Heringa and Maarten van Kalsbeek and installed in 2018.

Playgrounds

Beginning in 1947, while rebuilding Amsterdam after the devastation of World War II, Mulder was involved in the design of open spaces in cityscapes, preferably for children's play areas.Hall, George, and Lefaivre, Liane. Ground-up City: Play as a Design Tool. Netherlands, 010 Publishers, 2007. To realize her vision, she worked with the architect Aldo van Eyck who designed playground equipment to fill Mulder's open spaces near new residential apartments, which were themselves creatively situated. According to Dijksterhuis,

She therefore designed a system of hooks and courts: two L-shaped residential blocks that interlock. This resulted in a much more varied picture and more light in the houses. In addition, playgrounds were built in courtyards that mothers could see from the kitchen.

Together van Eyck and Mulder collaborated on more than 700 play spaces in Amsterdam. One example of her play area design that remains today is the Gibraltar Street wading pool that Mulder designed and that still opens every summer. In 1952 she was named chief architect of Amsterdam and in 1958 succeeded her mentor Cornelis van Eesteren to become head of the city's urban development department where she remained until her retirement in 1965.

Personal life

Mulder was born to an infantry officer, Hendrik Mulder (1874-1947), and Sara Maria Boon (1878-1943). Because her father was serving in the Royal Dutch Indian Army, she grew up living in

Semarang Semarang ( jv, ꦏꦸꦛꦯꦼꦩꦫꦁ , Pegon: سماراڠ) is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia. It was a major port during the Dutch colonial era, and is still an important regional center and port today. ...

Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ...

. She left Indonesia for the Netherlands when she was 13 so she could attend school, living with her aunts and uncles. She never married and even after retiring from her position with the city, she remained a professor of planning at the University of Amsterdam until her 70th birthday. During her time there, she actively encouraged young women to follow her into the design professions, as noted in a 1947 professional guide, "she praised the 'men's profession' of urban design as very suitable for women." She was honored as a member of the Order of Orange-Nassau.

Selected projects

* Amsterdamse Bos (1934-1970) * Park in Spaarnwoude (1936–1938) * Beatrix Park (1936-1938) * Jeruzalem Settlement (Amsterdam) (1950–1955)

References

External sources

Palstra, Froukje, et al. Ir. Jakoba Mulder (1900-1988).. Netherlands, Stadsdrukkerij, 1994.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mulder, Jakoba 1900 births 1988 deaths Dutch architects Dutch urban planners Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam Delft University of Technology alumni 20th-century Dutch architects Dutch women architects 20th-century Dutch women