Baguio ( ,
), officially the City of Baguio ( ilo, Siudad ti Baguio; fil, Lungsod ng Baguio), is a 1st class
highly urbanized city
A city ( fil, lungsod/siyudad) is one of the units of local government in the Philippines. All Philippine cities are chartered cities ( fil, nakakartang lungsod), whose existence as corporate and administrative entities is governed by their own ...
in the
Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...
,
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
. It is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines", owing to its cool climate since the city is located approximately above mean sea level, often cited as in the
Luzon tropical pine forests
The Luzon tropical pine forests are a tropical coniferous forest ecoregion of the Philippines in the western Pacific Ocean. These pine forests are home to a large number of the island's endemic plants and animals.
Location and description
Luzon ...
ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of l ...
, which also makes it conducive for the growth of mossy plants, orchids and pine trees, to which it attributes its other moniker as the "City of Pines".
Baguio was established as a
hill station
A hill station is a town located at a higher elevation than the nearby plain or valley. The term was used mostly in colonial Asia (particularly in India), but also in Africa (albeit rarely), for towns founded by European colonialists as refuges ...
by the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
in 1900 at the site of an
Ibaloi village known as ''Kafagway''. It was the United States' only
hill station
A hill station is a town located at a higher elevation than the nearby plain or valley. The term was used mostly in colonial Asia (particularly in India), but also in Africa (albeit rarely), for towns founded by European colonialists as refuges ...
in Asia.
Baguio is classified as a
Highly-Urbanized City (HUC). It is geographically located within
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
, serving as the provincial capital from 1901 to 1916,
but has since been administered independently from the province following its conversion into a chartered city. The city is the center of business, commerce, and education in northern Luzon, as well as the seat of government of the
Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...
.
According to the 2020 census, Baguio has a population of 366,358.
Etymology
Baguio was called "Kafagway" by indigenous peoples. The name "Baguio" originates from the
American period and is derived from the
Ibaloi word ''bagiw'' (
moss
Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) '' sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hor ...
), which was then Hispanicized as "Baguio". A
demonym
A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...
for natives of the city, "Ibagiw", is also derived from ''bagiw''. It is also the name for the city's annual arts festival.
History
Pre-colonial period
Baguio used to be a vast mountain zone with lush highland forests, teeming with various wildlife such as the indigenous deer,
cloud rats,
Philippine eagles,
Philippine warty pigs, and numerous species of flora. The area was a hunting ground of the indigenous peoples, notably the
Ibalois and other
Igorot
The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera Mountain Range of northern Luzon, Philippines are often referred to using the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples. There are nine main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains ar ...
ethnic groups. When the Spanish arrived in the Philippines, the area was never fully subjugated by Spain due to the intensive defense tactics of the indigenous Igorots of the
Cordilleras
A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those in the west coast of the Americas. The term is borrowed from Spanish, where the word comes from , a diminutive of ('rope').
The term is most commonly us ...
.
Igorot oral history states the
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
upper class, ''baknang'', was founded between 1565 and the early 1600s, by the marriage of a gold trader, Amkidit, and a Kankanay maiden
gold panning
Gold panning, or simply ''panning'', is a form of placer mining and traditional mining that extracts gold from a placer deposit using a pan. The process is one of the simplest ways to extract gold, and is popular with geology enthusiasts especi ...
in Acupan. Their son, Baruy, discovered a gold deposit in the area, which he developed with hired workers and slaves.
Spanish colonial period
In 1755, the
Augustinian Augustinian may refer to:
*Augustinians, members of religious orders following the Rule of St Augustine
*Augustinianism, the teachings of Augustine of Hippo and his intellectual heirs
*Someone who follows Augustine of Hippo
* Canons Regular of Sain ...
Fray Pedro de Vivar established a mission in Tonglo (Tongdo) outside Baguio. Before he was driven out the following year, this ''rancheria'' included 220 people, including several ''baknang'' families. The Spanish tried to regain the mission in 1759, but were ambushed. This prompted the Governor General
Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban
Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban (1699 in Ceuta – 1759 in Manila) was a Spanish knight and colonial official. He became the governor-general of the Philippines appointed from July 1754 to May 31, 1759.
Life
Arandía was a native of Ceuta w ...
to send Don Manuel Arza de Urrutia on a punitive expedition, which resulted in the mission being burned to the ground.
During the period of
Spanish rule in 1846, the
Spaniards
Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a Romance peoples, Romance ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of National and regional identity in Spain, national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex Hist ...
established a ''comandancia'' in the nearby town of
La Trinidad, and organized Benguet into 31 ''
ranchería
The Spanish word ranchería, or rancherío, refers to a small, rural settlement. In the Americas the term was applied to native villages or bunkhouses. Anglo-Americans adopted the term with both these meanings, usually to designate the resident ...
s'', one of which was Kafagway, a wide grassy area where the present
Burnham Park is situated. Kafagway was then a minor ''rancheria'' consisting of only about 20 houses. Most of the lands in Kafagway were owned by
Mateo Cariño, who served as its chieftain.
The Spanish ''presidencia'', which was located at Bag-iw at the vicinity of Guisad Valley was later moved to Cariño's house where the current city hall stands. ''Bag-iw'', a local term for "moss" once abundant in the area was spelled by the Spaniards as ''Baguio'', which served as the name of the ''rancheria''.
During the
Philippine Revolution in July 1899, Filipino revolutionary forces under
Pedro Paterno liberated La Trinidad from the Spaniards and took over the government, proclaiming Benguet as a province of the new
Philippine Republic. Baguio was converted into a "town", with Mateo Cariño being the ''presidente'' (mayor).
American colonial period
When the United States occupied the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
after the
Spanish–American War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
, Baguio was selected to become the
summer capital of the then
Philippine Islands.
Governor-General
Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...
William Taft
William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected pre ...
, on his first visit in 1901, noted the "air as bracing as
Adirondacks or
Murray Bay..."
[Kane, S.E., 1933, Life and Death in Luzon or Thirty Years with the Philippine Head-Hunters, New York: Grosset & Dunlap]
In 1903,
Filipinos
Filipinos ( tl, Mga Pilipino) are the people who are citizens of or native to the Philippines. The majority of Filipinos today come from various Austronesian ethnolinguistic groups, all typically speaking either Filipino, English and/or othe ...
,
Japanese and
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
workers were hired to build
Kennon Road, the first road directly connecting Baguio with the lowlands of
La Union
La Union (), officially the Province of La Union ( ilo, Probinsia ti La Union; Kankanaey'': Probinsyan di La Union;'' Ibaloi'': Probinsya ne La Union;'' pag, Luyag/Probinsia na La Union; Tagalog'': Lalawigan ng La Union),'' is a province in th ...
and
Pangasinan
Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan ( pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Pangasinan, ; ilo, Probinsia ti Pangasinan; tl, Lalawigan ng Pangasinan), is a coastal province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capit ...
. Before this, the only road to
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
was
Naguilian Road
President Elpidio Quirino Highway (often shortened as Quirino Highway), formerly known and still referred to as Naguilian Road and Baguio–Bauang Road, is a Philippine major highway in northern Luzon that runs from the city of Baguio in the provi ...
, and it was largely a horse trail at higher elevations.
Camp John Hay
Camp John Hay is a mixed-used development which serves as a tourist destination and forest watershed reservation in Baguio, Philippines which was formerly a military base of the United States Armed Forces.
History
The United States 48th Infa ...
was established in October 1903, after
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...
signed an
executive order setting aside land in
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
for a military reservation for the
United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cla ...
to rest and recuperate from the lowland heat. It was named after Roosevelt's
Secretary of State,
John Milton Hay
John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838July 1, 1905) was an American statesman and official whose career in government stretched over almost half a century. Beginning as a private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln, Hay's highest office was Un ...
.
The Mansion
The Mansion or The Mansions may refer to:
Books
* ''The Interior Castle'', also known as ''The Mansions'' (1577), a spiritual guide written by Teresa of Ávila
* ''The Mansion'' (novel), a 1959 book written by novelist William Faulkner
Buildings ...
, built in 1908, served as the official residence of the American Governor-General during the summer to escape Manila's heat. The Mansion was designed by architect
William E. Parsons
William Edward Parsons (June 19, 1872 - December 17, 1939) was an architect and city planner known for his works in the Philippines during the early period of American colonization in the country. As the consulting architect to the Philippine go ...
based on preliminary plans by architect
Daniel Burnham.
Burnham, one of the earliest successful modern
city planners
An urban planner (also known as town planner) is a professional who practices in the field of town planning, urban planning or city planning.
An urban planner may focus on a specific area of practice and have a title such as city planner, town ...
, designed the mountain retreat following the tenets of the
City Beautiful movement. In 1904, the rest of the city was planned out by Burnham. On September 1, 1909, Baguio was declared as a chartered city and nicknamed the "Summer Capital of the Philippines".
The succeeding period saw further developments of and in Baguio with the construction of Wright Park in honor of Governor-General
Luke Edward Wright
Luke Edward Wright (August 29, 1846 – November 17, 1922) was a United States political figure. He served as Governor-General of the Philippines from 1904 to 1905 and also as Secretary of War from 1908 to 1909.
Biography
Luke Edward Wright was ...
,
Burnham Park in honor of Burnham,
Governor Pack Road, and
Session Road.
World War II
![Surrender_of_Japanese_Forces_in_the_Philippines_1945](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Surrender_of_Japanese_Forces_in_the_Philippines_1945.jpg)
Prior to
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Baguio was the summer capital of the
Commonwealth of the Philippines
The Commonwealth of the Philippines ( es, Commonwealth de Filipinas or ; tl, Komonwelt ng Pilipinas) was the administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 ...
, and the home of the
Philippine Military Academy. As such, it was very important in military and political terms. Philippine President
Manuel Quezon was even in Baguio when the war began.
On December 8, 1941, 17 Japanese bombers attacked
Camp John Hay
Camp John Hay is a mixed-used development which serves as a tourist destination and forest watershed reservation in Baguio, Philippines which was formerly a military base of the United States Armed Forces.
History
The United States 48th Infa ...
,
as part of the first Japanese air raid on Luzon.
Baguio was declared an
open city
In war, an open city is a settlement which has announced it has abandoned all defensive efforts, generally in the event of the imminent capture of the city to avoid destruction. Once a city has declared itself open the opposing military will be ...
in December 27.
Following the
Japanese invasion of the Philippines in 1941, the
Imperial Japanese Army
The was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor o ...
used
Camp John Hay
Camp John Hay is a mixed-used development which serves as a tourist destination and forest watershed reservation in Baguio, Philippines which was formerly a military base of the United States Armed Forces.
History
The United States 48th Infa ...
, an American installation in Baguio, as a military base. The nearby
Philippine Constabulary base,
Camp Holmes, was used as an
internment camp
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply ...
for about 500 civilian enemy aliens, mostly Americans, between April 1942 and December 1944.
By late March 1945, Baguio was within range of the American and Filipino military
artillery
Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...
. President
José P. Laurel
José Paciano Laurel y García (; March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and judge, who served as the president of the Japanese-occupied Second Philippine Republic, a puppet state during World War II, from 1943 ...
of the
Second Philippine Republic, a
puppet state established in 1943, departed the city on March 22 and reached
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
eight days later, on March 30. The remainder of the Second Republic government, along with Japanese civilians, were ordered to evacuate Baguio on March 30. General
Tomoyuki Yamashita
was a Japanese officer and convicted war criminal, who was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Yamashita led Japanese forces during the invasion of Malaya and Battle of Singapore, with his accomplishment of conquering ...
and his staff then relocated to
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
Bambang, officially the Municipality of Bambang ( gad, Ili na Bambang; ilo, Ili ti Bambang; tl, Bayan ng Bambang), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 5 ...
.
A major offensive to capture Baguio did not occur until April 1945, when the
USAFIP-NL's 1st Battalion of the 66th Infantry, attached with the United States Army's
37th Infantry Division, the USAFIP-NL's 2nd Battalion of 66th Infantry, attached with the US
33rd Infantry Division, and the USAFIP-NL's 3rd Battalion of the 66th Infantry, converged on Baguio. By April 27, 1945, the city was liberated and the joint force moved on to liberate the Trinidad valley.
Baguio is the site of the formal surrender of General Yamashita and Vice Admiral Okochi at
Camp John Hay's American Residence in the presence of
lieutenant general
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...
s
Arthur Percival
Lieutenant-General Arthur Ernest Percival, (26 December 1887 – 31 January 1966) was a senior British Army officer. He saw service in the First World War and built a successful military career during the interwar period but is most noted for ...
and
Jonathan Wainwright.
Post-World War II
![Session_Road_Ruins](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Session_Road_Ruins.jpg)
Baguio ceased to be the official "Summer Capital of the Philippines" in 1976.
In the wake of the
Snap Presidential elections of 1986 antidictatorship organizers were based largely in the Azotea Building midway up session road, and in Cafe Amapola further up Session, on its intersection with Governor Pack road. Because the United States' Armed Forces Radio and Television Network station at Camp John Hay was transmitting news from Manila, they learned early on that the
People Power revolution
The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution or the February Revolution, was a series of popular Demonstration (people), demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a ...
had begun in Manila. Deciding that their locations were too unsafe, they encamped in the courtyard of the
Baguio Cathedral, which was located on higher ground.
They were later joined by Lt.
Benjamin Magalong, of the Philippine Constabulary detachment in Buguias, Benguet,
who had defected from the government, gone to the nearby Central Police Station in Baguio, and disarmed its personnel to prevent any untoward incidents while Baguio residents continued to gather at the cathedral to protest the
abuses of the Marcos administration.
The Baguio Cathedral, and Session Road adjacent to it, thus became the center of the
People Power revolution
The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution or the February Revolution, was a series of popular Demonstration (people), demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a ...
in Baguio - paralleling similar protests in Cebu, Davao, Bacolod, Manila, and other major Philippine cities, eventually leading to the ouster of President
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. ( , , ; September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, dictator, and kleptocrat who was the 10th president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled under martial ...
on February 25, 1986.
On July 15, 1987, President
Corazon Aquino
Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino (; ; January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a Filipina politician who served as the 11th president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People P ...
issued ''
Executive Order 220'' which created the Cordillera Administrative Region,
and made the Highly urbanized city of Baguio its seat of government.
Various attempts at legally turning the Cordillera Administrative Region into an
autonomous region
An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, entity, unit, region, subdivision, or territory) is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy ...
have been pursued, but failed to gather enough public support in two separate autonomy
plebiscite
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
s.
The
1990 Luzon earthquake
The 1990 Luzon earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines at 4:26 p.m. on July 16 ( PDT) or 3:26 p.m. ( PST) with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent'') and produced a 1 ...
( = 7.7) destroyed some parts of Baguio and the surrounding province of Benguet on the afternoon of July 16, 1990.
A significant number of buildings and infrastructure were damaged, including the Hyatt Terraces Plaza, Nevada Hotel, Baguio Park Hotel, FRB Hotel and Baguio Hilltop Hotel; major highways were temporarily blocked due to landslides and pavement breakup; and a number of houses were leveled or severely shaken with numerous casualties. Some of the fallen buildings were built on or near fault lines; local architects later admitted structural building codes should have been followed more religiously, particularly regarding concrete and rebar standards, and "soft stories." Baguio has been rebuilt with aid from the national government and international donors such as
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
,
Singapore
Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...
and the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
.
Geography
![Trees near UP Baguio (Baguio, Benguet)(2018-11-26)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Trees_near_UP_Baguio_%28Baguio%2C_Benguet%29%282018-11-26%29.jpg)
Baguio is located some above sea level, nestled within the
Cordillera Central Central Cordillera refers to the New Guinea Highlands.
Cordillera Central, meaning ''central range'' in Spanish, may refer to the following mountain ranges:
* Cordillera Central, Andes (disambiguation), several mountain ranges in South America
** ...
mountain range in northern
Luzon
Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
. The city is enclosed by the province of
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
.
It covers a small area of . Most of the developed part of the city is built on uneven, hilly terrain of the northern section. When
Daniel Burnham drew plans for the city, he made the City Hall a reference point where the city limits extend from east to west and from north to south.
Barangays
Baguio is composed of 129
barangay
A barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as barrio (abbreviated as Bo.), is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward. In metropolitan ...
s. They are led by their own captains assisted by a 7-man barangay council.
* A. Bonifacio-Caguioa-Rimando
* Abanao-Zandueta-Kayong-Chugum-Otek
* Alfonso Tabora
* Ambiong
* Andres Bonifacio
* Apugan-Loakan
* Asin Road
* Atok Trail
* Aurora Hill Proper
* Aurora Hill, North Central
* Aurora Hill, South Central
* Bagong Lipunan
* Bakakeng Central
* Bakakeng North
* Bal-Marcoville
* Balsigan
* Bayan Park East
* Bayan Park Village
* Bayan Park West
* BGH Compound
* Brookside
*
Brookspoint
* Cabinet Hill-Teacher's Camp
* Camdas Subdivision
* Camp 7
* Camp 8
* Camp Allen
* Campo Filipino
* City Camp Central
* City Camp Proper
* Country Club Village
* Cresencia Village
* Dagsian, Lower
* Dagsian, Upper
* Dizon Subdivision
* Dominican Hill-Mirador
* Dontogan
*
DPS Compound
Baguio ( ,
), officially the City of Baguio ( ilo, Siudad ti Baguio; fil, Lungsod ng Baguio), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines. It is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines", ...
* Engineers' Hill
* Fairview Village
* Ferdinand
* Fort del Pilar
* Gabriela Silang
* General Emilio F. Aguinaldo
* General Luna, Upper
* General Luna, Lower
* Gibraltar
* Greenwater Village
* Guisad Central
* Guisad Sorong
* Happy Hollow
* Happy Homes
* Harrison-Claudio Carantes
* Hillside
* Holy Ghost Extension
* Holy Ghost Proper
* Honeymoon
* Imelda R. Marcos
* Imelda Village
*
Irisan
Baguio ( ,
), officially the City of Baguio ( ilo, Siudad ti Baguio; fil, Lungsod ng Baguio), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines. It is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines" ...
* Kabayanihan
* Kagitingan
* Kayang Extension
* Kayang-Hilltop
* Kias
* Legarda-Burnham-Kisad
* Liwanag-Loakan
* Loakan Proper
* Lopez Jaena
* Lourdes Subdivision Extension
* Lourdes Subdivision, Lower
* Lourdes Subdivision, Proper
* Lualhati
* Lucnab
* Magsaysay Private Road
* Magsaysay, Lower
* Magsaysay, Upper
* Malcolm Square-Perfecto
* Manuel A. Roxas
* Market Subdivision, Upper
* Middle Quezon Hill Subdivision
* Military Cut-off
* Mines View Park
* Modern Site, East
* Modern Site, West
* MRR-Queen of Peace
* New Lucban
* Outlook Drive
* Pacdal
* Padre Burgos
* Padre Zamora
* Palma-Urbano
* Phil-Am
* Pinget
* Pinsao Pilot Project
* Pinsao Proper
* Poliwes
* Pucsusan
* Quezon Hill Proper
* Quezon Hill, Upper
* Quirino Hill, East
* Quirino Hill, Lower
* Quirino Hill, Middle
* Quirino Hill, West
* Quirino-Magsaysay, Upper
* Rizal Monument Area
* Rock Quarry, Lower
* Rock Quarry, Middle
* Rock Quarry, Upper
* Saint Joseph Village
* Salud Mitra
* San Antonio Village
* San Luis Village
* San Roque Village
* San Vicente
* Sanitary Camp, North
* Sanitary Camp, South
* Santa Escolastica
* Santo Rosario
* Santo Tomas Proper
* Santo Tomas School Area
* Scout Barrio
* Session Road Area
* Slaughter House Area
* SLU-SVP Housing Village
* South Drive
* Teodora Alonzo
* Trancoville
* Victoria Village
Proposed merger of barangays
A proposed merging of the city's 130 barangays had not been implemented since its inception in 2000. Several local officials stressed that many of the city's barangays did not comply with the minimum requirements in the
Local Government Code of the Philippines
Codification (law), Codification of laws is a common practice in the Philippines. Many general areas of substantive law, such as criminal law, Civil law (common law), civil law and labor law are governed by legal codes.
Tradition of codificatio ...
that a highly urbanized city must have a certified population of least 5,000 inhabitants. According to Mayor Mauricio Domogan, in the past, benefits granted to local governments were based on the number of existing barangays. This led former local officials to create as many barangays as possible in the city in order to acquire additional benefits from the national government. The proposed merger, which will reduce the barangays from 130 to about 40 to 50 by merging adjacent ones, is believed to solve several issues concerning barangay boundary disputes, seemingly biased
allocation of funds for larger barangays in relation to barangays with lesser area and population, as well as the inadequate
honorarium of barangay officials.
Climate
Under the
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
, Baguio features a
subtropical highland climate (
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
: Cwb).
The city is known for its mild climate owing to its high elevation. The temperature in the city is usually about cooler than the temperature in the lowland area.
Average temperature ranges from with the lowest temperatures between November and February. The lowest recorded temperature was on January 18, 1961, and in contrast, the all-time high of was recorded on March 15, 1988,
during the 1988
El Niño season.
The temperature seldom exceeds even during the warmest part of the year.
Precipitation
Like many other cities with a
subtropical highland climate, Baguio receives noticeably less
precipitation
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravitational pull from clouds. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. ...
during its dry season. However, the city has an extraordinary amount of precipitation during the rainy season from June to October.
The city averages over of rainfall annually, the highest in the country.
Environment
Pollution
Baguio suffers from
air pollution
Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different types ...
and is one of the cities with the dirtiest air in the country according to a 2014 WHO report. A slight improvement in the city's air quality was cited in 2017 by the
DENR's Environmental Management Bureau. In a 2018
WHO report, the city was again listed among 8 other cities alongside
Cebu
Cebu (; ceb, Sugbo), officially the Province of Cebu ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Sugbo; tl, Lalawigan ng Cebu; hil, Kapuroan sang Sugbo), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, and consists of a main island and 167 ...
,
Dagupan
Dagupan, officially the City of Dagupan ( pag, Siyudad na Dagupan, ilo, Siudad ti Dagupan, fil, Lungsod ng Dagupan), is a 2nd class independent component city in the Ilocos Region, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a populatio ...
,
Davao,
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, San Carlos,
Urdaneta and
Zamboanga. Eco-vehicles and
Euro 4
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a ser ...
compliant vehicles have been tested whether or not they are suited for the city's steep slopes in line with efforts to modernize its
Public Utility Vehicle
Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike private transport, typical ...
s (PUVs). Public Utility Vehicles, specifically
jeepneys have been pushed for its modernization, in line with
President Duterte
Rodrigo Roa Duterte (, ; born March 28, 1945), also known as Digong, Rody, and by the initials DU30 and PRRD, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson ...
's
PUV modernization initiative.
Another problem that plagues the city is its garbage and waste disposal. The city has been dumping its garbage in a
landfill
A landfill site, also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump, or dumping ground, is a site for the disposal of waste materials. Landfill is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal, although the systematic burial of the waste ...
in
Urdaneta City, but rising costs are putting a strain on the city's budget. In early 2018, the city government started using its
garbage transfer station in the city outskirts near
Marcos Highway, drawing protests from residents of the nearby town of
Tuba, who cited the facility poses health hazards to their communities. As of 2019, the
Philippine National Oil Company
The Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) is an energy company created on November 9, 1973, as a government-owned and controlled corporation founded during President Ferdinand Marcos' era to supply oil to the Philippines. Since then, its char ...
(PNOC) has offered to test a
waste-to-energy technology as a possible solution to its garbage woes. The city's
waste water treatment plant is also eyed for an expansion as it not been able to fully cater to the city's needs. Those which the plant have not been able to cater to were dumped in the
Balili River
The Balili River, also called Naguilian River, is a river in the province of Benguet in the island of Luzon Philippines. With a total length of it traverses the city of Baguio, and the municipalities of La Trinidad, Benguet, La Trinidad and Sabla ...
, leading to its high
coliform levels, even higher than that of
Manila Bay
Manila Bay ( fil, Look ng Maynila) is a natural harbor that serves the Port of Manila (on Luzon), in the Philippines. Strategically located around the capital city of the Philippines, Manila Bay facilitated commerce and trade between the Phili ...
's.
Landscape
![Session Road, Baguio](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Session_Road%2C_Baguio.JPG)
Baguio is also a planned city. American Architect and Urban Planner
Daniel Burnham was commissioned to design the new capital. His design for the city was based on the
City Beautiful movement, which features broad streets and avenues radiating out from rectangles.
During the Second World War, Baguio was razed to the ground during the Japanese forces' invasion and the subsequent shelling by American forces during the liberation. After the liberation, rebuilding began and most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed. However, some of the historic buildings from the 19th century that had been preserved in reasonably reconstructible form were nonetheless eradicated or otherwise left to deteriorate. During the
1990 Luzon earthquake
The 1990 Luzon earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines at 4:26 p.m. on July 16 ( PDT) or 3:26 p.m. ( PST) with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent'') and produced a 1 ...
, it further devastated Baguio's old buildings. A total of 28 collapsed buildings, including hotels, factories, and government and university buildings, as well as many private homes and establishments resulted from the quake.
Baguio's current landscape is mostly of contemporary architecture.
Architecture
Baguio's contemporary architecture is largely of American build, owing to the fact that Americans were the ones to establish a station here. A few examples include those built at Teacher's Camp and Camp John Hay, previous American installations in the city as well as the current Baguio City Hall. Some buildings are also influenced by Spanish building concepts, such as ''Porta Vaga Mall'' and ''La Azotea''. One of the more modern buildings in the city is
SM City Baguio
SM City Baguio is the 23rd largest shopping mall in the Philippines. At a floor area of , it is the largest shopping mall in the North Luzon Region. The entire SM City Baguio complex stands on a land area of on Luneta Hill on top of Session Road ...
, established back in 2003.
Moves by various groups with the goal to preserve these buildings have been made. Baguio City Hall, being a historic building, has faced opposition to renovation of its grounds, since that may be against laws on national cultural heritage sites. The renovations, however, continued as there has been no documentation that supports Baguio City Hall as a national heritage site. The construction of the park was finished in May 2019 as was said to define the city's new moniker as a creative center for crafts and folk arts.
Demographics
The original inhabitants of Baguio are the
Ibaloi people (natively pronounced as "Ivadoi"). When the Americans established the city in the early 1900s, early settlers in the city include members of other
Igorot
The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera Mountain Range of northern Luzon, Philippines are often referred to using the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples. There are nine main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains ar ...
tribes (''Igudut'' in
Ibaloi), the lowlander
Ilocanos
The Ilocanos ( ilo, Tattao nga Iloko/), Ilokanos, or Iloko people are the third largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group and mostly reside within the Ilocos Region in the northwestern seaboard of Luzon, Philippines. The native language of the Ilo ...
(''Iduko''), Americans (''Merikano''), and ''
mestizo
(; ; fem. ) is a term used for racial classification to refer to a person of mixed Ethnic groups in Europe, European and Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous American ancestry. In certain regions such as Latin America, it may also r ...
s''. A significant number of
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
and
Japanese laborers were also hired to build
Kennon Road, many of whom later settled in the city.
The city's population as of May 2000 was placed at 250,000 persons. The city has a very young age structure as 65.5 percent of its total population is below thirty years old. Females comprise 51.3 percent of the population as against 48.7 percent for males. The household population comprises 98 percent of the total population or 245,000 persons. With an average of 4.6 members per household, a total of 53,261 household are gleaned. During the peak of the annual tourist influx, particularly during the
Lenten period,
transients
Transience or transient may refer to:
Music
* ''Transient'' (album), a 2004 album by Gaelle
* ''Transience'' (Steven Wilson album), 2015
* Transience (Wreckless Eric album)
Science and engineering
* Transient state, when a process variable or ...
triple the population.
Crime
Crime in Baguio is concentrated in theft and vehicular accidents. Crime in the city is also directly related to its changing demographics and unique criminal justice system. The
illegal drug trade
The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of prohibited drugs. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade, except under license, of many types of drugs through ...
is also a problem of the city as 24 of its 129
barangay
A barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as barrio (abbreviated as Bo.), is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward. In metropolitan ...
s are considered as drug affected as of December 2017.
In 2018, Baguio was listed as one of the safest cities both in the ASEAN region, ranking sixth with a crime index of 40.57 and safety index of 59.43. The Baguio City Police Office also has the highest crime solution efficiency nationwide of 84%, compared to the national 77% and the region's 70%.
In May 2019 BCPO also reported a drop of 27% in crimes, from 1,150 in 2018 to 834 in 2019. The BCPO was awarded as the country's best city police station in 2018.
Religion
Christianity
Baguio is a predominantly
Christian
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
city, as of 2015;
Roman Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
at ,
Evangelicals
Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide Interdenominationalism, interdenominational movement within Protestantism, Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being "bor ...
(
Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
) at ,
National Council of Churches in the Philippines at , and
Iglesia ni Cristo at .
Other faiths
As of 2015,
Muslims
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraha ...
comprise of the city's total population.
The largest mosque in the area is ''Masjid Al-Maarif'', which is a centre of Islamic studies in the Philippines. The city also has smaller numbers of
Buddhists
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...
and
atheists, along with members of other faiths.
Economy
Baguio is the melting pot of different peoples and cultures in the
Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...
. Because of this, numerous investments and business opportunities are lured to the city.
Baguio has a large retail industry, with shoppers coming to the city to take advantage of the diversity of competitively priced commercial products on sale. The city is also popular with bargain hunters. Some of the most popular bargaining areas include Baguio Market and Maharlika Livelihood Center. The city is home to numerous shopping centers and malls catering to increasing commercial and tourist activity;
these include:
SM City Baguio
SM City Baguio is the 23rd largest shopping mall in the Philippines. At a floor area of , it is the largest shopping mall in the North Luzon Region. The entire SM City Baguio complex stands on a land area of on Luneta Hill on top of Session Road ...
, Baguio Center Mall, Abanao Square, and Tiong San.
Various food and retail businesses run by local residents proliferate, forming a key part of Baguio's cultural landscape. Several retail outlets and dining outlets are situated along Bonifacio Street,
Session Road,
Teacher's Camp,
Mines View Park
Mines View Park is an overlook park on the northeastern Rural–urban fringe, outskirts of Baguio in the Philippines. Located on a land promontory from downtown Baguio, the park overlooks the mining town of Itogon, Benguet, Itogon, particularly t ...
and Baguio Fastfood Center near the market.
The areas of
Session Road, Harrison Road, Magsaysay Avenue and Abanao Street comprise the trade center of the city, where commercial and business structures such as cinemas, hotels, restaurants, department stores, and shopping centers are concentrated. The City Market offers a wide array of locally sourced goods and products, usually from
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
province,
which includes colorful woven fabrics and hand-strung beads to primitive wood carvings, cut flowers,
strawberries and "Baguio" vegetables, the latter often denoting vegetable types that do well in the cooler growing climate. Strawberries and
string beans
Green beans are young, unripe fruits of various cultivars of the common bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris''), although immature or young pods of the runner bean (''Phaseolus coccineus''), yardlong bean ( ''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis' ...
—referred to as ''Baguio beans'' across the Philippines—are shipped to major urban markets across the archipelago.
Another key source of income for Baguio is its position as the economic hub of the
Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...
. The economy of the city has benefited from the vibrant mining industry in several towns of Benguet. Many agricultural goods produced in Benguet pass through Baguio for processing, sale or further distribution to the lowlands.
Industrial
Baguio is one of the country's most profitable and best investment areas.
A Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)-accredited business and industrial park called the
Baguio City Economic Zone (BCEZ) is located in the southern part of the city between
Camp John Hay Country Club and
Philippine Military Academy in Barangay Loakan. Firms located in the BCEZ mostly produce and export knitted clothing, transistors, small components for vehicles, electronics and computer parts. Notable firms include
Texas Instruments Philippines, which is the second largest exporter in the country. Other companies headquartered within the economic zone include
Baguio Ayalaland Technohub,
Moog Philippines, Inc.,
Linde Philippines, Inc.,
LTX Philippines Corporation,
Texas Instruments Philippines, and
Sitel Philippines, Baguio.
Outsourcing
Outsourcing also contributes to the city's economy and employment. Sitel, whose main office is located in the Baguio City Economic Zone, is the largest BPO company in the city with four sites established within the BCEZ. There are also multiple
BPOs present in the city with numerous PEZA-accredited private economic zones established to cater to this industry. The Ayala Technohub located in Camp John Hay hosts
Cocentrix and
InterContinental Hotels Group
InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG), marketed as IHG Hotels & Resorts, is a British multinational hospitality company headquartered in Denham, Buckinghamshire, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the F ...
alongside other commercial establishments. Teleperformance Baguio and Thoughtfocus is established at the SM Cyberzone Building (also known as SM Fiesta Strip) located in front of Sunshine Park, while other call centers downtown are Optimum Transsource, Sterling Global and Global Translogic. Tech-Synergy operates a large transcription and back office operation near Wright park.
In recent years, there has been a surge of ESL (English as a Second Language) Tutorial Schools throughout Baguio that caters to students from other countries and also provide online services. This industry however has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic with foreign students returning to their home countries.
Culture
Arts and museums
The city became a haven for many Filipino artists in the 1970s–1990s. Drawn by the cool climate and low cost of living, artists such as
Ben Cabrera
Benedicto Reyes Cabrera (born April 10, 1942), better known as "BenCab", is a Filipino painter and was awarded National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting) in 2006. He has been noted as "arguably the best-selling painter of his ...
(now a National Artist) and filmmaker Butch Perez relocated to the city. At the same time, locals such as mixed-media artist Santiago Bose and filmmaker
Kidlat Tahimik
Eric Oteyza de Guia (born October 3, 1942), better known as Kidlat Tahimik ("Silent Lightning"), is a film director, writer and actor whose films are commonly associated with the Third Cinema movement through their critiques of neocolonialism. ...
were also establishing work in the city. Even today, artists like painters and sculptors from all over the country are drawn to the Baguio Arts Festival which is held annually.
The city houses several museums, such as the Baguio Museum, Museo Kordilyera, Emilio F. Aguinaldo Museum, the
Laperal White House
The Laperal Guesthouse, popularly known as Laperal White House, is a building in Baguio, Philippines which housed a museum and is now the home of a new restaurant called Joseph's (owned by the older brother of ABS-CBN News broadcast journalist, B ...
and the SLU Museum of Arts and Cultures.
Baguio has been included in
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
's
Creative Cities Network due to craft and folk art traditions of the city particularly ranging on expressions to wood carving, silver craft, traditional weaving and tattooing. Baguio is the first city in the Philippines to be part of the inter-city network which aims to promote the creative industries as well as integrate culture in sustainable urban development.
Languages
The
languages
Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...
commonly spoken in Baguio are
Ibaloi,
Kankana-ey,
Ilocano,
Tagalog, and
Pangasinan
Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan ( pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Pangasinan, ; ilo, Probinsia ti Pangasinan; tl, Lalawigan ng Pangasinan), is a coastal province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capit ...
.
Festivities and holidays
The
Panagbenga Festival
Panagbenga Festival () is a month-long annual flower occasion in Baguio. The term is of Kankanaey origin, meaning "season of blooming". The festival, held in February, was created as a tribute to the city's flowers and as a way to rise from the ...
, the annual Flower Festival, held in February, was created to highlight the city's flowers and cool temperature and as a way to rise up from the devastation of the
1990 Luzon earthquake
The 1990 Luzon earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines at 4:26 p.m. on July 16 ( PDT) or 3:26 p.m. ( PST) with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent'') and produced a 1 ...
. The festival includes floats that are covered mostly with flowers not unlike those used in
Pasadena
Pasadena ( ) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, northeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is the most populous city and the primary cultural center of the San Gabriel Valley. Old Pasadena is the city's original commercial district.
Its ...
's
Rose Parade
The Rose Parade, also known as the Tournament of Roses Parade (or simply the Tournament of Roses), is an annual parade held mostly along Colorado Boulevard in Pasadena, California, United States, on New Year's Day (or on Monday, January 2 if N ...
. The festival also includes street dancing, presented by dancers clad in flower-inspired costumes, that is inspired by the Bendian, an
Ibaloi dance of celebration that came from the
Cordillera region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ilo, Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Kordiliera; fil, Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...
. The indigenous people were initially wary with government-led tourism due to a perceived threat that the government would interfere with or change their communities' rituals. The city also celebrates its city charter anniversary every September 1 and has been declared as a special non-working holiday by virtue of RA 6710 in 1989.
Tourism
![Burnham_Park_-_lake_(Baguio,_Benguet)(2018-02-25)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Burnham_Park_-_lake_%28Baguio%2C_Benguet%29%282018-02-25%29.jpg)
Tourism is one of Baguio's main industries due to its cool climate and history. The city is one of the country's top tourist destinations. During the year end holidays some people from the lowlands prefer spending their vacation in Baguio, to experience cold temperatures they rarely have in their home provinces. Also, during summer, especially during
Holy Week
Holy Week ( la, Hebdomada Sancta or , ; grc, Ἁγία καὶ Μεγάλη Ἑβδομάς, translit=Hagia kai Megale Hebdomas, lit=Holy and Great Week) is the most sacred week in the liturgical year in Christianity. In Eastern Churches, w ...
, tourists from all over the country flock to the city. During this time, the total number of people in the city doubles. To accommodate all these people there are more than 80 hotels and inns available, as well as numerous transient houses set up by the locals. Local festivities such as the
Panagbenga Festival
Panagbenga Festival () is a month-long annual flower occasion in Baguio. The term is of Kankanaey origin, meaning "season of blooming". The festival, held in February, was created as a tribute to the city's flowers and as a way to rise from the ...
also attracts both local and foreign tourists.
Baguio is the lone Philippine destination in the 2011
TripAdvisor Traveller's Choice Destinations Awards (Asia category) with the city being among the top 25 destinations in
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
.
Burnham Park,
Mines View Park
Mines View Park is an overlook park on the northeastern Rural–urban fringe, outskirts of Baguio in the Philippines. Located on a land promontory from downtown Baguio, the park overlooks the mining town of Itogon, Benguet, Itogon, particularly t ...
,
Wright Park,
The Mansion
The Mansion or The Mansions may refer to:
Books
* ''The Interior Castle'', also known as ''The Mansions'' (1577), a spiritual guide written by Teresa of Ávila
* ''The Mansion'' (novel), a 1959 book written by novelist William Faulkner
Buildings ...
, and Botanical Garden are among the popular tourist sites in Baguio.
Government
Baguio is led by its own mayor and vice mayor. The vice mayor leads the
city council
A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural counc ...
, composed of 12 elected councilors and 2 ''ex-officio'' members (the ABC President and SK President of the city). It is represented in the House of Representatives by its own congressman, the city itself a lone district, separate from the province of Benguet. The city officials are term-limited by up to 3 consecutive terms, with each term lasting for 3 years.
As a highly urbanized city with its own charter, it is not subject to the jurisdiction of Benguet province, of which it was formerly a part. The City Government holds office at the Baguio City Hall.
Elected officials
The city's government's composition as of June 30, 2022
Summer residences
The city hosts the summer residences of the President, Vice President, Senate President and House Speaker at Barangay Lualhati, while the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals and the Cabinet Secretaries cottages are housed at Cabinet Hill. The Supreme Court and Court of Appeals hold summer sessions in the city, usually during the month of April.
Sports
![Baguio Athletic Bowl Jan 2018 a](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Baguio_Athletic_Bowl_Jan_2018_a.jpg)
Baguio has hosted several sporting events, even those of international standing. The
Baguio Athletic Bowl
The Baguio Athletic Bowl is a 7-hectare sports complex within the grounds of Burnham Park in Baguio, Philippines. Completed in 1945, it is currently undergoing renovation work.
History
The Baguio Athletic Bowl was built in 1945. The venue is unde ...
within the grounds of
Burnham Park is one of Baguio's primary sporting venues. Baguio hosted the
1978 World Chess Championship match between
Anatoly Karpov and
Viktor Korchnoi
Viktor Lvovich Korchnoi ( rus, Ви́ктор Льво́вич Корчно́й, p=vʲiktər lʲvovʲɪtɕ kɐrtɕˈnoj; 23 March 1931 – 6 June 2016) was a Soviet (before 1976) and Swiss (after 1980) chess grandmaster (GM) and chess writer. He ...
, building the Baguio Convention Center for that purpose. The city is a participant in the CARAA games or the Cordillera Administrative Region Athletic Association, hosting it last in 2016 and 2017. The winners of the said event will eventually represent the region in the annual
Palarong Pambansa
The Palarong Pambansa (Filipino language, Filipino for "National Games") is an annual multi-sport event involving student-athletes from 17 regions of the Philippines. The event, started in 1948, is organized and governed by the Department of Ed ...
games, which is also sponsored by the
Department of Education. As of 2019, the city is still the overall champion with 205 gold, 110 silver and 79 bronze medals.
In recent years, Baguio has been racking up titles and medals in the field of Mixed Martial Arts led by
Team Lakay.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Air
Loakan Airport
Loakan Airport ( ilo, Pagtayaban ti Loakan, fil, Paliparan ng Loakan) serves the general area of Baguio, Philippines. It is classified as a Class 2 principal (minor domestic) airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP). L ...
is the lone airport serving the general area of Baguio. The airport is classified as a trunkline airport, or a major commercial domestic airport, by the
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. Major commercial operations to Baguio however ceased after
Philippine Airlines closed their Baguio route in 1998. There were attempts to reopen Baguio routes throughout the following two decades by different airline operators such as
Asian Spirit
Zest Airways, Inc., operated as AirAsia Zest (formerly Asian Spirit and Zest Air), was a low-cost airline based at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Pasay, Metro Manila in the Philippines. It operated scheduled domestic and international ...
and
Sky Pasada
WCC Aviation, Inc., operating as Sky Pasada, is an airline based in Binalonan, Pangasinan, Philippines owned and operated by the Guico family. Founded in 2010, it primarily serves the northern Luzon provinces of Batanes, Cagayan and Isabela as ...
but none were able to sustain continuous operation. Commercial flights have once again resumed in 2022 with Philippine Airlines operating Baguio–Cebu flights and vice-versa.
The airport is located south of the city center. Due to the limited length of the runway, being only long, it is restricted to commuter size aircraft. The airport is used primarily by helicopters, turbo-prop and piston engine aircraft, although on rare occasions light business jets (LBJ) have flown into the airport.
Land
Jeepneys and
taxis are the main means of public transportation in the city. The government's push for jeepney modernization has led to an increase of modern EURO 4 compliant PUVs plying Baguio's center. The rollout however for full jeepney modernization had been hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several bus lines linking Baguio with
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
,
Bontoc Bontoc may refer to:
* Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines
* Bontoc, Southern Leyte, Philippines
* Bontoc people, an ethnic group from Central Luzon, Philippines
* Bontoc language
Bontoc (Bontok) (also called Finallig) is the native language ...
,
Mariveles,
Olongapo,
Cabanatuan
Cabanatuan, officially the City of Cabanatuan ( fil, Lungsod ng Cabanatuan; ilo, Siudad ti Cabanatuan), is a 1st class component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 327,325 peop ...
, and provinces such as
Pangasinan
Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan ( pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Pangasinan, ; ilo, Probinsia ti Pangasinan; tl, Lalawigan ng Pangasinan), is a coastal province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capit ...
,
Pampanga
Pampanga, officially the Province of Pampanga ( pam, Lalawigan ning Pampanga; tl, Lalawigan ng Pampanga ), is a province in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. Lying on the northern shore of Manila Bay, Pampanga is bordered by Tarlac ...
,
Bataan
Bataan (), officially the Province of Bataan ( fil, Lalawigan ng Bataan ), is a province in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. Its capital is the city of Balanga while Mariveles is the largest town in the province. Occupying the entir ...
,
Nueva Ecija
Nueva Ecija, officially the Province of Nueva Ecija ( tgl, Lalawigan ng Nueva Ecija , also ; ilo, Probinsia ti Nueva Ecija; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Ecija; Kapampangan: ''Lalawigan/Probinsia ning Nueva Ecija''), is a landlocked province i ...
,
Aurora,
Cavite
Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite ( tl, Lalawigan ng Kabite; Chavacano: ''Provincia de Cavite''), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Located on the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest ...
,
La Union
La Union (), officially the Province of La Union ( ilo, Probinsia ti La Union; Kankanaey'': Probinsyan di La Union;'' Ibaloi'': Probinsya ne La Union;'' pag, Luyag/Probinsia na La Union; Tagalog'': Lalawigan ng La Union),'' is a province in th ...
,
Nueva Vizcaya and those in the Ilocos regions. Notable bus lines that operate the Baguio to Manila routes are Victory Liner, Genesis Transport Service and its premium bus line Joybus, and Pangasinan Solid North.
From Metro Manila, Baguio is accessible via
NLEX
The North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), signed as E1 of the Philippine expressway network, partially as N160 of the Philippine highway network, and R-8 of the Metro Manila arterial road network, is a limited-access toll expressway that connects M ...
(from Bulacan to Pampanga),
SCTEX (Pampanga to Tarlac) and
TPLEX (from Tarlac to La Union). The three main access roads leading to Baguio from the lowlands are
Kennon Road (formerly known as the ''Benguet Road''),
Aspiras–Palispis Highway
The Aspiras–Palispis Highway (formerly known and still referred to as Marcos Highway or Agoo–Baguio Road) is a Philippine major highway in northern Luzon that runs from the city of Baguio in the province of Benguet to the municipality of Ag ...
(previously known as ''Marcos Highway'')
and
Naguilian Road
President Elpidio Quirino Highway (often shortened as Quirino Highway), formerly known and still referred to as Naguilian Road and Baguio–Bauang Road, is a Philippine major highway in northern Luzon that runs from the city of Baguio in the provi ...
, also known as ''Quirino Highway''. The newest road that connects the city to the lowlands is
Asin Road
The Asin–Nangalisan–San Pascual Road (also known as the Baguio–Tubao Road, Tubao–Asin Road or Asin Road) is a major road in La Union and Benguet, Philippines, serving as an alternative route to Baguio. This road is dangerous, and has tu ...
(also known as ''Asin-San Pascual-Tubao, La Union Road'').
All these roads traverse the municipality of
Tuba, Benguet.
* Kennon Road starts in
Rosario, La Union
Rosario, officially the Municipality of Rosario ( ilo, Ili ti Rosario; pag, Baley na Rosario; fil, Bayan ng Rosario), is a 1st class municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 60,2 ...
and winds upwards through a narrow, steep valley. This is often the fastest route to Baguio but it is particularly perilous,
with landslides during the rainy season and sharp dropoffs, some without guardrails. The recently passed Republic Act No. 11604 pushes for the full rehabilitation of Kennon Road as an all-weather highway.
* Aspiras-Palispis Highway starts in
Agoo, La Union
Agoo, officially the Municipality of Agoo ( ilo, Ili ti Agoo; pag, Baley na Agoo; fil, Bayan ng Agoo), is a 1st class municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 66,028 people.
Ag ...
and connects to Palispis Highway, at the boundary of
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
and
La Union
La Union (), officially the Province of La Union ( ilo, Probinsia ti La Union; Kankanaey'': Probinsyan di La Union;'' Ibaloi'': Probinsya ne La Union;'' pag, Luyag/Probinsia na La Union; Tagalog'': Lalawigan ng La Union),'' is a province in th ...
provinces.
* Asin-Tubao Road starts in
Tubao, La Union
Tubao, officially the Municipality of Tubao ( ilo, Ili ti Tubao; fil, Bayan ng Tubao), is a 4th class municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 28,729 people.
Formerly known as t ...
and serves as secondary alternative road if gridlock occurs at Aspiras-Palispis Highway
* Naguilian Road, which starts in
Bauang, La Union, are both longer routes but are much safer than Kennon Road especially during rainy season, and are the preferred routes for coaches, buses and trucks.
The
Benguet-Nueva Vizcaya Road, which links Baguio to
Aritao
Aritao, officially the Municipality of Aritao ( gad, Ili na Aritao; ilo, Ili ti Aritao; tl, Bayan ng Aritao), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 42,197 ...
in
Nueva Vizcaya province, traverses the towns of
Itogon,
Bokod, and
Kayapa
Kayapa, officially the Municipality of Kayapa ( gad, Ili na Kayapa; ilo, Ili ti Kayapa; tl, Bayan ng Kayapa), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,469 ...
.
Another road,
Halsema Highway, (also known as the ''Baguio-Bontoc Road'' or the ''Mountain Trail'') leads north through the mountainous portion of the provinces of
Benguet
Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
and
Mountain Province
Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as ''Mountain'' in some foreign references. The name is usually short ...
;
it starts at the northern border of Baguio with
La Trinidad.
Possible future modes
* Cable Cars - As of July 8, 2019, Secretary Tugade of the Department of Transportation said that the feasibility study for the installation of the cable cars in Manila may be finished within the year, with Baguio soon to follow. The Philippine government earlier secured a P27 million grant from France for this venture, with Manila and Baguio seen as possible initial sites.
* Monorail - A monorail project from Baguio to La Trinidad is being mulled over by the SSS as a possible investment in CAR. It is seen to further boost tourism and decongest traffic. The project is similar to the one installed by the Department of Science and Technology at the UP Campus in 2012.
Water and electricity
Most of the water supply of the city is provided for by the Baguio Water District, founded in 1975 as the successor to the now-defunct Department of Public Services. It currently operates 60 deep wells to cater to its more than 300,000 consumers. It currently serves 122 out of the 129 barangays in the city and some parts of Tuba, Benguet.
In recent years, the BWD has expressed concern over the city's depleting water supply, due in part to the private wells dug by private individuals and companies.
Electric services are provided by BENECO or Benguet Electric Cooperative, the sole electric power distributor in Benguet. In 2012, a bill was filled in the House of Representatives seeking the creation of the Baguio Electric Cooperative or BAELCO, an entity to provide for the city's own electricity needs, separate from BENECO. Its creation has been met with opposition by various groups citing the need of a feasibility study on the separation. The creation of a separate electric franchise for Baguio would also infringe on BENECO's existing franchise that mandated BENECO to provide electricity for both Baguio and Benguet which would create legal implications if it was to be amended.
The city is also the only local government unit to own and operate its own renewable energy plant. Originally constructed in the 1920s, the Asin Mini Hydropower Plants 1, 2 and 3 located in Tuba, Benguet came under the city's possession after the lapse of the 25-year lease agreement with the Aboitiz-owned Hydroelectric Development Corporation (HEDCOR). The plant acted as both a power source and another income-generating asset of the city as BENECO was also its main client. The power plant however was forced to cease operation on 2015 when the Energy Regulatory Commission issued a cease-and-desist order to the city due to the lack of a certificate of compliance from the city. The city currently has plans to rehabilitate the power plants so that they could resume operations once again.
Healthcare
![Baguio General Hospital](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Baguio_General_Hospital.JPG)
Baguio's healthcare is mainly provided by various private corporations. Private hospitals that operates in the city are the Baguio Medical Center, BCU-Santo Niño de Jesus Medical Center Foundation, Notre Dame de Chartres Hospital, Pines City Doctors' Hospital and Saint Louis University's Hospital of Sacred Heart. The BCU-Santo Niño de Jesus Medical Center Foundation ceased operations on 2009 due to financial reasons but was reopened during the COVID-19 pandemic with the local government refurbishing it as an isolation center for COVID-19 patients. In early 2019, several groups were eyeing to establish a hospital in Barangay Scout Barrio, however, it was met with opposition. As of March 2019, the project has been shelved.
The Baguio City Health Services Office is the office responsible for the health care programs provided by the city government, operating 16 health centers and 15 satellite clinics. Baguio hosts the
Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center or BGHMC, a tertiary state-owned hospital administered and operated by the
Department of Health. It is the sole government hospital in the city as well as the largest government tertiary hospital in the entire
CAR
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods.
The year 1886 is regarded as ...
region.
Education
Education is a major contributor to the economy of Baguio. Considered as the "Educational Center of the North", the city has a transient student population who migrate to the city to attend tertiary education.
Baguio is the center of education in the Northern Philippines due to high performances in various professional licensure exams as well as adherence to high educational quality standards, housing some of the best and largest universities in Northern Luzon.
Elementary and secondary
The city has several public and private elementary and secondary schools. There are currently 45 public elementary schools and 21 public secondary schools in the city. Most of its secondary private schools are divisions of the private universities of the city. The Philippine Science High School - CAR campus was established in the city on 2009 and is located in Irisan. In 2016, the city government established in Irisan the Baguio City Science High School to create a unified science high school campus.
Universities
The city houses eight major institutions of higher education. Baguio's first private school, Easter College, was set up in 1906 by the Rt. Rev. Charles Brent, who was a bishop of the Episcopalian Church.
The
University of the Philippines
The University of the Philippines (UP; fil, Pamantasan ng Pilipinas Unibersidad ng Pilipinas) is a state university system in the Philippines. It is the country's national university, as mandated by Republic Act No. 9500 (UP Charter of 200 ...
, the country's premier state university, was established as an extension campus in
Vigan
Vigan, officially the City of Vigan ( ilo, Siudad ti Vigan; fil, Lungsod ng Vigan), is a 4th class component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 53,935 people.
Loc ...
, Ilocos Sur before transferring to Baguio in 1938. In 1961, it became a branch campus of
UP Diliman
, image = University of The Philippines seal.svg
, image_size = 175px
, caption = Official Logo of UP Diliman
, motto = Honor and Excellence
, established = February 12, 194 ...
, before finally becoming
UP Baguio in 2002.
Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university with campuses in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, and Madrid, Spain. Founded in 1818 by Louis William Valentine DuBourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississip ...
, the largest university both in the city and in the north of Manila, catering to over 30,000 students, was founded by Belgian CICM missionaries in 1911 initially as a one-storey school for boys. It became a college in the 1950s before becoming a university in 1963. It currently has 4 campuses spread across the city.
Baguio Central University was found on 1945 as the Centro Academy by the Fernandez family. The following year, another educational institution, the
University of the Cordilleras was established as the Baguio Colleges before becoming the Baguio Colleges Foundation; it became a full-fledged university in 2003. The
University of Baguio
The University of Baguio (UB; Filipino: ''Pamantasan ng Baguio''), formerly Baguio Technical and Commercial Institute (Baguio Tech), is a private, Filipino, multidisciplinary, autonomous university in Baguio, Philippines. It was founded by Fernan ...
was set up as the Baguio Technical and Commercial Institute in 1948 by the Bautista family; it was upgraded to university status in 1969.
Mainly a nursing and medical school, Pines City Colleges was founded in 1969 as the Pines City Doctors Hospital School of Nursing, three years after the opening of Pines City Doctors' Hospital in 1966.
The
Philippine Military Academy, the country's military school, was originally founded in the Walled City of
Intramuros
Intramuros (Latin for "inside the walls") is the historic walled area within the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It is administered by the Intramuros Administration with the help of the city government of Manila.
Present-day I ...
in 1907, before relocating to Baguio in 1908 where it has been since.
Notable people
Twin towns and sister cities
Local
*
Angeles City
*
Alaminos, Pangasinan
Alaminos, officially known as the City of Alaminos ( pag, Siyudad na Alaminos; ilo, Siudad ti Alaminos; tl, Lungsod ng Alaminos), is a 4th class component city in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines, and is known for being the home of the ...
*
Bacolod
Bacolod, officially the City of Bacolod (; hil, Dakbanwa/Syudad sang Bacolod; fil, Lungsod ng Bacolod), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the region of Western Visayas, Philippines. It is the capital of the province of Negros Occidenta ...
*
Calbayog, Samar
*
Candon
Candon, officially the City of Candon ( ilo, Siudad ti Candon; fil, Lungsod ng Candon), is a 4th class component city in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 61,432 people.
Dubbed as the ...
*
Daet, Camarines Norte
*
Davao City
Davao City, officially the City of Davao ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Dabaw; ), is a first class highly urbanized city in the Davao Region, Philippines. The city has a total land area of , making it the largest city in the Philippines in terms of lan ...
*
Dipaculao, Aurora
Dipaculao, officially the Municipality of Dipaculao ( tl, Bayan ng Dipaculao; ilo, Ili ti Dipaculao), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,131 people.
The mu ...
*
Lopez, Quezon
Lopez, officially the Municipality of Lopez ( tgl, Bayan ng Lopez), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 94,657 people.
It is located in the southern part of t ...
*
Lucena
*
Makati
Makati ( ), officially the City of Makati ( fil, Lungsod ng Makati), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines.
Makati is the financial center of the Philippines; it has the highest concentration ...
*
Mandaue
*
Marawi
Marawi, officially the Islamic City of Marawi (Maranao: ''Inged a Marawi''; fil, Islamikong Lungsod ng Marawi), is a 4th class component city and capital of the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a po ...
,
Lanao del Sur
*
Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
*
Ormoc, Leyte
Ormoc (IPA: oɾˈmok, officially the City of Ormoc ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Ormoc; war, Syudad han Ormoc; fil, Lungsod ng Ormoc), is a 1st class independent component city in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 ce ...
*
Pavia, Iloilo
*
San Carlos, Negros Occidental
*
Zamboanga City
Zamboanga City, officially the City of Zamboanga (Chavacano and es, Ciudad de Zamboanga, Tausug language, Tausūg: ''Dāira sin Sambuangan'', fil, Lungsod ng Zamboanga, ceb, Dakbayan sa Zamboanga), is a city in the Zamboanga Peninsula region ...
International
*
Cusco
Cusco, often spelled Cuzco (; qu, Qusqu ()), is a city in Southeastern Peru near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province. The city is the list of cities in Peru, seventh m ...
, Peru
*
Gongju, South Korea
*
Hangzhou
Hangzhou ( or , ; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), also romanized as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang, China. It is located in the northwestern part of the province, sitting at the head of Hangzhou Bay, whi ...
, China
*
Hanyū, Saitama, Japan
*
Honolulu
Honolulu (; ) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, which is in the Pacific Ocean. It is an unincorporated county seat of the consolidated City and County of Honolulu, situated along the southeast coast of the island ...
,
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...
, United States
*
Karuizawa, Nagano, Japan
*
Nazareth
Nazareth ( ; ar, النَّاصِرَة, ''an-Nāṣira''; he, נָצְרַת, ''Nāṣəraṯ''; arc, ܢܨܪܬ, ''Naṣrath'') is the largest city in the Northern District of Israel. Nazareth is known as "the Arab capital of Israel". In ...
, Israel
*
Vaughan, Canada
*
Seoul
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 ...
, South Korea
*
Shepparton
Shepparton () ( Yortayorta: ''Kanny-goopna'') is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of the 2021 census, the estimated population of Shepparton, ...
, Australia
*
Taebaek
Taebaek () is a city in Gangwon province, South Korea. Its name is shared with that of the Taebaek Mountains. Situated at an elevation of , Taebaek is the highest city in South Korea.
Attractions
Manggyeongsa Temple in Hyeol-dong, at an elevation ...
, South Korea
*
Tamuning, Guam, United States
*
Taxco
Taxco de Alarcón (; usually referred to as simply Taxco) is a small city and administrative center of Taxco de Alarcón Municipality located in the Mexican state of Guerrero. Taxco is located in the north-central part of the state, from the cit ...
, Mexico
*
Vallejo, California
Vallejo ( ; ) is a city in Solano County, California and the second largest city in the North Bay region of the Bay Area. Located on the shores of San Pablo Bay, the city had a population of 126,090 at the 2020 census. Vallejo is home to the ...
, United States
*
Wakkanai, Hokkaido
' meaning "cold water river" is a city located in Sōya Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital of Sōya Subprefecture. It contains Japan's northernmost point, Cape Sōya, from which the Russian island of Sakhalin can be seen.
As of 1 ...
, Japan
See also
*
Capital of the Philippines
*
Daniel Burnham
*
Hill station
A hill station is a town located at a higher elevation than the nearby plain or valley. The term was used mostly in colonial Asia (particularly in India), but also in Africa (albeit rarely), for towns founded by European colonialists as refuges ...
*
Kennon Road
*
La Trinidad
*
Sagada
Sagada, officially the Municipality of Sagada is a 5th class municipality in the province of Mountain Province, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 11,510 people.
Sagada is from Bontoc, the provincial capital, ...
*
Banaue
Banaue (or alternatively spelled as Banawe), officially the Municipality of Banaue is a 4th class municipality in the province of Ifugao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 20,652 people.
It is widely known as t ...
*
Session Road
References
External links
*
*
Philippine Standard Geographic Code
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
Baguioat
OpenStreetMap
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a free, open geographic database updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration. Contributors collect data from surveys, trace from aerial imagery and also import from other freely licensed g ...
{{Authority control
Populated places in Benguet
Cities in the Cordillera Administrative Region
Highly urbanized cities in the Philippines
Mountain resorts in the Philippines
Planned cities in the Philippines
Populated places established in 1909
1909 establishments in the Philippines
Former provincial capitals of the Philippines