Ion Horia Leonida Caramitru, OBE (; 9 March 1942 – 5 September 2021) was a Romanian stage and film actor, stage director, and political figure. He was

Minister of Culture A culture minister or a heritage minister is a common cabinet position in governments. The culture minister is typically responsible for cultural policy, which often includes arts policy (direct and indirect support to artists and arts organizatio ...

between 1996 and 2000, in the

Romanian Democratic Convention The Romanian Democratic Convention ( ro, Convenţia Democrată Română or Convenția Democratică Română; abbreviated CDR) was an electoral alliance of several democratic, anti-Communist, anti-totalitarian, and centre-right political parties i ...

(CDR) cabinets of

Victor Ciorbea Victor Ciorbea (; born on 26 October 1954) is a Romanian jurist, politician, and civil/public servant. He was the Mayor of Bucharest between 1996 and 1997 and, after his resignation from this public dignity/position, Prime Minister of Romania fr ...

Gavril Dejeu Gavril Dejeu (; born 11 September 1932) is a Romanian politician who served as Minister of Interior in Victor Ciorbea's cabinet. He was also acting (or ''ad interim'') Prime Minister of Romania from 30 March to 17 April 1998. Born in Poieni, ...

Radu Vasile Radu Vasile (; 10 October 1942 – 3 July 2013) was a Romanian politician, historian, and poet. Originally a member of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD), Vasile served as the Prime Minister of Romania between 17 April 1 ...

, Alexandru Athanasiu, and

Mugur Isărescu Constantin Mugur Isărescu (; born 1 August 1949) is the Governor of the National Bank of Romania, a position he has been holding since September 1990, with the sole exception of a period of time of eleven months (16 November 1999 to 28 October 2 ...

. He was married to actress Micaela Caracaș and had three sons: Ștefan, Andrei, and Matei Caramitru. He was a relevant figure of the Aromanian community of Romania.

Early life and acting career

Ion Caramitru was born in an Aromanian family, with his mother being from ( rup, Grãmãticuva) in modern

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...

while his father being from

Korçë Korçë (; sq-definite, Korça) is the eighth most populous city of the Republic of Albania and the seat of Korçë County and Korçë Municipality. The total population is 75,994 (2011 census), in a total area of . It stands on a plateau som ...

( rup, Curceauã, link=no, or ) in modern

Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...

. Nevertheless, Caramitru had a Megleno-Romanian grandfather. Caramitru was born in

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...

, and graduated from the I. L. Caragiale Institute for Theater and Film Arts in 1964, having debuted on the stage a year earlier — with the title role in an acclaimed production of

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

's ''

Hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play, with 29,551 words. Set in Denmark, the play depicts ...

'' for the Bulandra Theater. He continued his engagement in Bulandra while starring in plays at the

National Theatre Bucharest The National Theatre Bucharest ( ro, Teatrul Naţional "Ion Luca Caragiale" București) is one of the national theatres of Romania, located in the capital city of Bucharest. Founding It was founded as the ''Teatrul cel Mare din București'' ("Gra ...

and various other theaters. Caramitru was a protagonist in a series of theatrical productions by directors such as

Liviu Ciulei Liviu Ciulei (; 7 July 1923 – 24 October 2011) was a Romanian theater and film director, film writer, actor, architect, educator, costume and set designer. During a career spanning over 50 years, he was described by ''Newsweek'' as "one of the b ...

, Moni Ghelerter,

Andrei Șerban Andrei Șerban (born June 21, 1943) is a Romanian- American theater director. A major name in twentieth-century theater, he is renowned for his innovative and iconoclastic interpretations and stagings. In 1992 he became Professor of Theater at th ...

Silviu Purcărete Silviu may refer to: *Silviu Bălace (born 1978), Romanian football player *Silviu Berejan (1927–2007), Bessarabian writer from Moldova and member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova *Silviu Bindea (1912–1992), Romanian football player * Silv ...

, Sanda Manu, Cătălina Buzoianu, Alexandru Tocilescu, and Sică Alexandrescu (acting in plays such as

Mihail Sebastian Mihail Sebastian (; born Iosif Mendel Hechter; October 18, 1907 – May 29, 1945) was a Romanian playwright, essayist, journalist and novelist. Life Sebastian was born to a Jewish family in Brăila, the son of Mendel and Clara Hechter. After ...

's '' Steaua fără nume'',

Georg Büchner Karl Georg Büchner (17 October 1813 – 19 February 1837) was a German dramatist and writer of poetry and prose, considered part of the Young Germany movement. He was also a revolutionary and the brother of physician and philosopher Ludwig Büch ...

's ''

Danton's Death ''Danton's Death'' (''Dantons Tod'') was the first play written by Georg Büchner, set during the French Revolution. History Georg Büchner wrote his works in the period between Romanticism and Realism in the so-called Vormärz era in German hi ...

'',

Aeschylus Aeschylus (, ; grc-gre, Αἰσχύλος ; c. 525/524 – c. 456/455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian, and is often described as the father of tragedy. Academic knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier Greek ...

' ''

The Oresteia The ''Oresteia'' ( grc, Ὀρέστεια) is a trilogy of Greek tragedies written by Aeschylus in the 5th century BCE, concerning the murder of Agamemnon by Clytemnestra, the murder of Clytemnestra by Orestes, the trial of Orestes, the end of t ...

'',

Tennessee Williams Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983), known by his pen name Tennessee Williams, was an American playwright and screenwriter. Along with contemporaries Eugene O'Neill and Arthur Miller, he is considered among the thr ...

's ''

A Streetcar Named Desire ''A Streetcar Named Desire'' is a play written by Tennessee Williams and first performed on Broadway on December 3, 1947. The play dramatizes the experiences of Blanche DuBois, a former Southern belle who, after encountering a series of pers ...

'',

Carlo Goldoni Carlo is a given name. It is an Italian form of Charles. It can refer to: * Carlo (name) * Monte Carlo * Carlingford, New South Wales, a suburb in north-west Sydney, New South Wales, Australia *A satirical song written by Dafydd Iwan about Prince ...

's '' Il bugiardo'', and in many of Shakespeare's works). As a director of theater,

opera Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a libr ...

, and operetta productions, Caramitru notably staged works by Frederick Loewe (''

My Fair Lady ''My Fair Lady'' is a musical based on George Bernard Shaw's 1913 play '' Pygmalion'', with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons ...

''),

Marin Sorescu Marin Sorescu (; 29 February 1936 – 8 December 1996) was a Romanian poet, playwright, and novelist. His works were translated into more than 20 countries, and the total number of his books that were published abroad rises up to 60 books. He ha ...

(''The Third Stake''),

Benjamin Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other ...

(''

The Little Sweep ''The Little Sweep'', Op. 45, is an opera for children in three scenes by the English composer Benjamin Britten, with a libretto by Eric Crozier. ''Let's Make an Opera!'' ''The Little Sweep'' is the second part of a stage production entitled ' ...

''), Aleksei Nikolaevich Arbuzov (''The Lie''), and Shakespeare (''

The Merchant of Venice ''The Merchant of Venice'' is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. A merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock. Although classified as ...

''); his adaptations of

Peter Brook Peter Stephen Paul Brook (21 March 1925 – 2 July 2022) was an English theatre and film director. He worked first in England, from 1945 at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, from 1947 at the Royal Opera House, and from 1962 for the Royal Sha ...

's ''La Tragédie de Carmen'' and

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...

's ''

Eugene Onegin ''Eugene Onegin, A Novel in Verse'' (Reforms of Russian orthography, pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform rus, Евгений Оне́гин, ромáн в стихáх, p=jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ɐˈnʲeɡʲɪn, r=Yevgeniy Onegin, roman v stikhakh) is ...

'' were hosted by the Grand Opera House in

Belfast Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom ...

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...

. Caramitru starred in over 30

feature films A feature film or feature-length film is a narrative film (motion picture or "movie") with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole presentation in a commercial entertainment program. The term ''feature film'' originall ...

, making his debut with a supporting role in

Victor Iliu Victor Iliu (24 November 1912 – 4 September 1968) was a Romanian film director. He directed seven films between 1948 and 1964. His film ''The Mill of Good Luck'' was entered into the 1957 Cannes Film Festival. Filmography * '' Anul 1848'' ...

's ''Comoara din Vadul Vechi'' (1965). Among his best-known roles are Vive in '' Diminețile unui băiat cuminte'' (1966), Gheorghidiu in '' Între oglinzi paralele'' (1978),

Ștefan Luchian Ștefan Luchian (, last name also spelled Lukian; 1 February 1868 – 28 June 1916) was a Romanian painter, famous for his landscapes and still life works. Biography Early life Luchian was born in Ștefănești, a village of Botoșani County, ...

in ''Luchian'' (1981), and Socrate in the '' Liceenii'' series (1985–1987). Later in life, Caramitru has had minor roles in foreign films: he was an anarchist in the 1991 ''

Kafka Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer, widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typi ...

'', Tatevsky in ''

Citizen X ''Citizen X'' is a 1995 American television film which covers the efforts of detectives in the Soviet Union to capture an unknown serial killer of women and children in the 1980s, and the successive bureaucratic obstacles they consistently enco ...

'' (1995), Zozimov in '' Mission: Impossible'' (1996), Count Fontana in ''

Amen. ''Amen.'' is a 2002 historical war drama film directed and co-written by Costa-Gavras. Based on the play ''The Deputy'' by Rolf Hochhuth, the film examines the political and diplomatic relationship between the Vatican and Nazi Germany during Wo ...

'' (2002), and a European immigrant to Ireland in ''

Adam & Paul ''Adam & Paul'' is a 2004 Irish buddy comedy drama film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and starring Tom Murphy and Mark O'Halloran. It follows a day in the life of two Dublin drug addicts, Adam and Paul, as they wander around Dublin trying to s ...

'' (2004). In May 2005, he won the competition to be general director of the

, replacing Dinu Săraru.

Political career

Revolution

Caramitru entered political life as an opponent of the

communist regime A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Cominte ...

in the

Romanian Revolution of 1989 The Romanian Revolution ( ro, Revoluția Română), also known as the Christmas Revolution ( ro, Revoluția de Crăciun), was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred i ...

. On 22 December 1989, after

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

Nicolae Ceaușescu Nicolae Ceaușescu ( , ; – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician and dictator. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. He ...

had fled Bucharest, Caramitru and the known

dissident A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th ...

writer

Mircea Dinescu Mircea Dinescu (; born November 11, 1950) is a Romanian poet, journalist, and editor. Biography Early life and poetry He was born in Slobozia, the son of Ştefan Dinescu, a metalworker, and Aurelia (born Badea). Dinescu studied at the Faculty ...

joined the crowd occupying the

Romanian Television Televiziunea Română (), more commonly referred to as TVR , is the short name for Societatea Română de Televiziune ("Romanian Television Society"; SRTV), the Romanian public television. It operates six channels: TVR1, TVR2, TVR3, TVR Info, ...

building, and were prominent among the numerous speakers who were proclaiming revolutionary victory.Stoenescu A popular rumor circulating soon after the episode alleged that, unaware of being filmed, Caramitru had addressed Dinescu, saying, "Mircea, fă-te că lucrezi!" ("Mircea, pretend you are working!"); this version of events may have started as defamation by political adversaries, with the purpose of indicating that the Revolution was a carefully staged front for a

coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...

. According to

Alex Mihai Stoenescu Alex Mihai Stoenescu (born October 2, 1953) is a Romanian writer, journalist and politician. Former informant for the terror group called "Securitatea" during the Ceaușescu regime (1965-1989). After the Romanian Revolution brought down the terror ...

's research, despite its passing into contemporary folklore, such a phrase was never uttered; instead, the words used were "Mircea, arăți că lucrezi" ("Mircea, show that you are working on something" — while holding Dinescu's booklet in front of camera), to which Dinescu replied "La un apel" (" 'm workingon an appeal

o the people O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''o'' (pronounced ), pl ...

) — pointing rather to their ill-preparedness and their preoccupation in quickly drafting a proper document.

FSN and CDR

He was an early member of the National Salvation Front (FSN) Council, the government formed around

Ion Iliescu Ion Iliescu (; born 3 March 1930) is a Romanian politician and engineer who served as President of Romania from 1989 until 1996 and from 2000 until 2004. Between 1996 and 2000 and also from 2004 to 2008, the year in which he retired, Iliescu ...

, where he was in charge of Culture. In February 1990, after the FSN had become a political party, he withdrew from the body in protest, arguing that the Iliescu grouping was attempting to use executive power and prestige in order to monopolize power (the gesture was preceded by the resignation of other

intellectual An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and who proposes solutions for the normative problems of society. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or a ...

s present in the FSN Council, including

Doina Cornea Doina Cornea (; 30 May 1929 – 3 May 2018) was a Romanian human rights activist and French language professor. She was a dissident during the communist rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu. She was co-founder of the Democratic Anti-totalitarian Forum of ...

and

Ana Blandiana Ana Blandiana (; pen name of Otilia Valeria Coman; born 25 March 1942, in Timișoara) is a Romanian poet, essayist, and political figure. She is considered one of the famous contemporary Romanian authors. She took her name after Blandiana, nea ...

). Already a member of the

Civic Alliance Foundation The Civic Alliance Foundation ( ro, italic=yes, Alianţa Civică, ''AC'') was a Romanian non-governmental organization (NGO) during the 1990s. The AC had subsidiaries in 36 of the 41 counties, overseen by a 27-member National Council. Its motto w ...

, he joined the

National Peasants' Party The National Peasants' Party (also known as the National Peasant Party or National Farmers' Party; ro, Partidul Național Țărănesc, or ''Partidul Național-Țărănist'', PNȚ) was an agrarian political party in the Kingdom of Romania. It w ...

, which engaged in opposition to the FSN, and became Minister of Culture after the CDR coalition won the elections of 1996. Following the defeat in the

2000 elections The following elections occurred in the year 2000. Africa * 2000 Ethiopian general election * 2000 Ghanaian presidential election * 1999–2000 Guinea-Bissau general election * 2000–01 Ivorian parliamentary election * 2000 Ivorian preside ...

and the party's breakup, he remained a member of the main PNȚ wing, the ''Christian-Democratic People's Party'' (PPCD). Caramitru opposed the PPCD leader

Gheorghe Ciuhandu Gheorghe Coriolan Ciuhandu (; born 15 June 1947) is a Romanian politician. A building engineer by profession, he graduated from the Traian Vuia Polytechnic Institute in 1970, earning a doctorate in 1986 and joining the faculty in 1993. He was ...

on several grounds, including the merger with the Union for Romanian Reconstruction;"Caramitru se cere..." he advocated a reconciliation with former president Constantinescu, and was among the PPCD members to declare themselves alarmed by the possibility of Ioan Talpeș joining the party (Talpeș, who had left the PSD, had served as head of the Romanian Foreign Intelligence Service in 1992–1997). In February 2006, he handed in his resignation as vice-president of the PPCD.

Other causes

In the early 1990s, arguing that the granting of revolutionary diplomas and privileges had become an instrument of corruption, Caramitru, together with other revolutionaries and dissidents (

Victor Rebengiuc Victor Rebengiuc (; known in full as Victor-George Rebengiuc; born 10 February 1933) is a Romanian film and stage actor, also known as a civil society activist. Since 1957, he has been a member of the Bulandra Theater company, acting in more th ...

Dan Pavel Dan or DAN may refer to: People * Dan (name), including a list of people with the name ** Dan (king), several kings of Denmark * Dan people, an ethnic group located in West Africa **Dan language, a Mande language spoken primarily in Côte d'Ivoi ...

Radu Filipescu Radu Filipescu (born December 26, 1955cpcadcr.presidency.ro/upload/Radu_Filipescu.pdf) is a former Romanian Romanian anti-communist resistance movement, anti-Communist dissident. Radu Filipescu's maternal uncle, Victor Groza, is the brother of Pe ...

, and

Costică Canacheu Costică Canacheu (born October 15, 1958) is a Romanian politician and businessman of Aromanian descent. A participant in the 1989 Revolution, he started his political career as a member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), representing its s ...

), formed the

non-governmental organization A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization), spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from g ...

''Asociația Revoluționarilor fără Privilegii'' (the Association of Non-Privileged Revolutionaries). A noted figure within the Aromanian community, Caramitru was a member of the Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society, which involved itself in debates with '' Comunitatea Aromână din România'' (CAR): Caramitru and his supporters argued that Aromanians are a branch of the

Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym '' Vlachs'') are a Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2011 Roman ...

, whereas CAR campaigns for their recognition as an ethnic minority (with automatic representation in the Parliament of Romania). In 2006, during a visit in

Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The unrecognised state of Transnistr ...

, Caramitru claimed that Moldova is still a part of Romania, leading to a diplomatic row between Romania and Moldova and Caramitru being declared a '' persona non grata'' in Moldova.

Awards and recognition

For his work in establishing British-Romanian cultural links, Caramitru was named an Officer of the

Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the civil service. It was established o ...

. In 1997, the French

Ministry of Culture Ministry of Culture may refer to: *Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania) * Ministry of Culture (Algeria) *Ministry of Culture (Argentina) *Minister for the Arts (Australia) *Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan) * Ministry of ...

awarded him the title of

Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres The ''Ordre des Arts et des Lettres'' (Order of Arts and Letters) is an order of France established on 2 May 1957 by the Minister of Culture. Its supplementary status to the was confirmed by President Charles de Gaulle in 1963. Its purpose is ...

Honours

Honorary Doctor An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or '' ad hon ...

of the George Enescu University of Arts, Iași, 2008 * Honorary Doctor of the Academy for Music, Theatre and Visual Arts of Chișinău, 2018 * Honorary Doctor of the ESRA Audiovisual Arts University of

Skopje Skopje ( , , ; mk, Скопје ; sq, Shkup) is the capital and List of cities in North Macedonia by population, largest city of North Macedonia. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre. The territory of Sk ...

, 2016

National and Royal decorations

Romanian Royal Family The Romanian royal family ( ro, Familia regală a României) was the ruling dynasty of the Kingdom of Romania, a constitutional monarchy in Central-Eastern Europe. The kingdom existed from 1881, when Carol I of Romania was proclaimed king, until ...

: Knight of the Royal Decoration of the Cross of the Romanian Royal House * Order of Merit, Grand Cross, Romania, 2000 *

Order of the Star of Romania The Order of the Star of Romania (Romanian: ''Ordinul Steaua României'') is Romania's highest civil Order and second highest State decoration after the defunct Order of Michael the Brave. It is awarded by the President of Romania. It has five r ...

, Knight, 2017 *

Honorary Officer of the Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the civil service. It was established o ...

(OBE), 1995 * Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters, France, 1997 * Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Ribbon, 2017

Death

Caramitru died on 5 September 2021, aged 79, in the Elias Hospital, Bucharest. Following the news, the Royal House of Romania issued a statement with condolences, calling him "a devoted and courageous defender of the principles and values of the Crown".

Filmography

Selected films

References

Bibliography

*
"Caramitru se cere afară din PPCD" ("Caramitru Demands to be Registered as out of the PPCD")
in ''

Evenimentul Zilei ''Evenimentul Zilei'' is a formerly physical and now exclusively online newspaper in Romania. Its name means "today's even (news)". History and profile ''Evenimentul Zilei'' was founded by Ion Cristoiu, Cornel Nistorescu and Mihai Cârciog, and ...

'', 24 February 2006 * András Bozóki, ''Intellectuals and Politics in Central Europe'', Central European University Press, Budapest, 1999 * Răzvan Brăileanu, **
"Disidenţă, revoluţie, GDS" ("Dissidence, Revolution, GDS"), interview with Radu Filipescu
in '' 22'', January 2004 **
"Ţărănistul Ioan Talpeș" ("The PNȚ-ist Ioan Talpeş")
in ''22'', March 2006 * Adrian Herța
"Comunitatea Aromână din România şi problema crizei de legitimitate" ("The Romanian Aromanian Community and Legitimacy Crisis Issue")
in '' Ziua Constanța'', 23 September 2006 * Daniel Meyer-Dinkgräfe, ''Who's Who in Contemporary World Theatre'',

Routledge Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law ...

, London, 2000, p. 45 * Cristian Preda
"«Mircea, fă-te că lucrezi!»" ("Mircea, Pretend You're Working!")
in ''

Ziarul Financiar ''Ziarul Financiar'' is a daily financial newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania. Aside from business information, it features sections focusing on careers and properties, as well as a special Sunday newspaper. ''Ziarul Financiar'' also publish ...

'', 25 April 2005 * Sorin Roșca Stănescu
Summary of ''Marea Provocare'', Vol. I, Part I
*

"Decembrie '89 – Revoluția română, în direct" ("December '89 – the Romanian revolution, live in front of cameras")
in ''

Jurnalul Național ''Jurnalul Național'' is a Romanian newspaper, part of the INTACT Media Group led by Dan Voiculescu, which also includes the popular television station Antena 1. The newspaper was launched in 1993. Its headquarters is in Bucharest Buchare ...

'', 13 December 2005

External links

* *
Biography at the Bulandra Theater site
*
Ion Caramitru at CineMagia

originally published in ''

Ziua ''Ziua'' (''The Day'' in Romanian) was a major Romanian daily newspaper published in Bucharest. It was published in Romanian with a fairly sizeable and often informative English section. ''Ziua'' was founded in 1994 by Sorin Roşca Stănescu, eve ...

'' * ttp://arfp.ong.ro/index.htm ''Asociația Revoluționarilor fără Privilegii'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Caramitru, Ion 1942 births 2021 deaths Romanian people of Aromanian descent Romanian people of Megleno-Romanian descent Pro-Romanian Aromanians Aromanian actors Aromanian politicians Members of the Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society Chairpersons of the National Theatre Bucharest Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party politicians Officers of the Order of the British Empire Male actors from Bucharest People of the Romanian Revolution Romanian activists Romanian male film actors Romanian Ministers of Culture Romanian male stage actors Romanian theatre directors Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres 20th-century Romanian male actors Romanian actor-politicians Romanian male Shakespearean actors Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Romania) Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class Knights of the Order of the Star of Romania

Early life and acting career

Political career

Revolution

FSN and CDR

Other causes

Awards and recognition

Honours

National and Royal decorations

Death

Filmography

Selected films

See also

References

Bibliography

External links