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Ion Iliescu
Ion Iliescu (; born 3 March 1930) is a Romanian politician and engineer who served as President of Romania from 1989 until 1996 and from 2000 until 2004. Between 1996 and 2000 and also from 2004 to 2008, the year in which he retired, Iliescu was a senator for the Social Democratic Party (PSD), of which he is the founder and honorary president to this day. Iliescu joined the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) in 1953 and became a member of its Central Committee in 1965. Beginning with 1971, he was gradually marginalized by Nicolae Ceaușescu. He had a leading role in the Romanian Revolution, becoming the country's president in December 1989. In May 1990, he became Romania's first freely elected head of state. After a new constitution was approved by popular referendum, he served a further two terms, firstly from 1992 to 1996 and then secondly from 2000 to 2004, separated by the presidency of Emil Constantinescu, who defeated him in 1996. In 2004, during his presidency, Romania j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istiglal Order
Istiglal Order ( az, Istiqlal ordeni), is the highest supreme order of the Republic of Azerbaijan, along with Heydar Aliyev Order. presented by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Istiglal means ''Sovereignty'' in Azerbaijani. History and status Istiglal Order was among several medals and orders, requested to be reviewed and created by the President Abulfaz Elchibey on November 10, 1992 by a Presidential Decree No. 370. The order was created by the Decree No. 754 of the President of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev and ratified by National Assembly of Azerbaijan on December 6, 1993. The Istiglal Order is given to the Citizens of Azerbaijan for the following services: *for exceptional contributions to national independence movement of Azerbaijan; *distinguished services to Motherland and its people; *special contributions in statehood building of the country. The order is pinned to the left side of the chest. If there are any other orders or medals, they are to follow ''Ist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliviu Gherman
Oliviu Gherman (26 April 1930–11 August 2020) was a Romanian physicist, politician, university professor, and diplomat. Born in 1930 in Sânmihaiu de Sus village, Turda County (now part of Mihai Viteazu commune, Cluj County), he completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Cluj in 1952. For his graduate studies, he went to the University of Bucharest, where he obtained his PhD in 1957, with thesis written under the direction of Șerban Țițeica. Gherman then started his academic career at the University of Cluj, becoming dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics in 1965. From 1958 to 1960 he worked at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna. In 1966 he moved to the University of Craiova, where he served as department chair, dean, and prorector. In the 1970s he was a researcher, and from 1973 a senior researcher at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste. He kept his faculty position in Craiova until 1998. After the Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantin Dăscălescu
Constantin Dăscălescu (; 2 July 1923 – 15 May 2003) was a Romanian communist politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania (21 May 1982 – 22 December 1989) during the communist rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu until the Romanian Revolution. He was born in Breaza de Sus, Prahova County, the son of Nicolae and Stanca Dăscălescu. From 1937 to 1941 he trained as a metal lathe operator at a vocational school in his hometown, after which he started working at the Astra Română company in Câmpina. In October 1945 he joined the Romanian Communist Party (PCR), and stayed on his job until November 1947. From 1949 to 1962 he studied at various schools for communist cadres: in Ploiești, at the Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy in Bucharest, and at the International Lenin School in Moscow. At the same time, he advanced in the PCR hierarchy, and served as First Secretary of the Communist Party in Galați Galați (, , ; also known by other alternative names) is the capital city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilie Verdeț
Ilie Verdeț (10 May 1925 – 20 March 2001) was a Romanian communist politician who served as Romania’s Prime Minister from 1979 to 1982. Biography Born in Comănești, Bacău County, and a miner from age 12, he joined the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) in 1945. After graduating from the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, he climbed through the party apparatus. By the early 1960s, he was working in the central office of the PCR in Bucharest, as deputy of Nicolae Ceauşescu, who was in charge of party organization and appointments. After the death of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej in March 1965, Verdeț helped Ceaușescu gain the position of Secretary General of the PCR. Soon afterwards, Verdeț was promoted to the Permanent Bureau of the Political Executive Committee of the PCR. He held many political positions, including those of Deputy Prime Minister (1966–1974) and Prime Minister of Romania (1979–1982). He was sent by Ceaușescu to solve the Jiu Valley miners' strike of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dan Marțian
Dan or DAN may refer to: People * Dan (name), including a list of people with the name ** Dan (king), several kings of Denmark * Dan people, an ethnic group located in West Africa **Dan language, a Mande language spoken primarily in Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia * Dan (son of Jacob), one of the 12 sons of Jacob/Israel in the Bible **Tribe of Dan, one of the 12 tribes of Israel descended from Dan * Crown Prince Dan, prince of Yan in ancient China Places * Dan (ancient city), the biblical location also called Dan, and identified with Tel Dan * Dan, Israel, a kibbutz * Dan, subdistrict of Kap Choeng District, Thailand * Dan, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in the United States * Dan River (other) * Danzhou, formerly Dan County, China * Gush Dan, the metropolitan area of Tel Aviv in Israel Organizations *Dan-Air, a defunct airline in the United Kingdom *Dan Bus Company, a public transport company in Israel *Dan Hotels, a hotel chain in Israel *Dan the Tire Man, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petru Enache
Petru is a given name, and may refer to: * Petru I of Moldavia (Petru Mușat, 1375–1391), ruler of Moldavia * Petru Aron (died 1467), ruler of Moldavia * Petru Bălan (born 1976), Romanian rugby union footballer * Petru Cărare (1935–2019), writer from Moldova * Petru Cercel (died 1590), voivode of Wallachia, polyglot * Petru Dugulescu (1945–2008), Romanian Baptist pastor, poet, and politician * Petru Filip (born 1955), current mayor of the municipality of Oradea * Petru Fudduni ( 1600–1670), poet * Petru Giovacchini (1910–1955), Corsican hero * Petru Groza (1884–1958), Romanian politician and Prime Minister * Petru Lucinschi (born 1940), Moldova's second president * Petru Luhan (born 1977), Romanian politician * Petru Maior ( 1756–1821), Romanian writer * Petru Mocanu (1931–2016), Romanian mathematician * Petru Pavel Aron (1709–1764), Romanian Greek-Catholic cleric and intellectual * Petru Poni (1841–1925), Romanian chemist * Petru Rareș ( 1487–1546), ruler o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Gheorghe Maurer
Ion Gheorghe Iosif Maurer (23 September 1902 – 8 February 2000) was a Romanian communist politician and lawyer, and the 49th Prime Minister of Romania. He is the longest serving Prime Minister in the history of Romania (having served for 12 years and 343 days). Biography Maurer was born in Bucharest to an Alsatian father of German descent and a Romanian mother with petit-bourgeois background. He completed studies in law at the University of Bucharest in 1923, after which he pursued graduate studies at the Sorbonne in Paris. Upon returning to Romania, he became an attorney, practicing law in Sighișoara, then serving as public prosecutor and later judge. In 1932 he went to Bucharest as counsel for several large banks. He became active politically, defending in court members of the illegal leftist and Anti-fascist movements. Occasionally, as in the 1936 Craiova Trial of Romanian Communist Party (PCR) activists, including Ana Pauker, Alexandru Drăghici, and Alexandru M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Communist Youth
The Union of Communist Youth (Romanian language, Romanian: '; UTC) was the Romanian Communist Party's youth organisation. Like many Young Communist League, Young Communist organisations, it was modelled after the Soviet Union, Soviet Komsomol. It aimed to cultivate young Professional revolutionaries, cadres into the party, as well as to help create the "new man" envisioned by communist ideologues. History Founded in 1922, the UTC went underground along with the rest of the party when it was banned in 1924. A marginal group under strict control of the Comintern's Young Communist International, it began to emerge as a mass movement in 1944, after the Red Army had entered Romania and the party became legal once again. Nicolae Ceaușescu was the First Secretary of the UTC from August 23, 1944, to June 1945. Beginning in 1948, the Romanian Workers' Party (PMR, as it was then called) began to contemplate merging and purging the country's youth organisations – political, profess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Communist Party
The Romanian Communist Party ( ro, Partidul Comunist Român, , PCR) was a communist party in Romania. The successor to the pro-Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to a communist revolution that would replace the social system of the Kingdom of Romania. After being outlawed in 1924, the PCR remained a minor and illegal grouping for much of the interwar period and submitted to direct Comintern control. During the 1920s and the 1930s, most of its activists were imprisoned or took refuge in the Soviet Union, which led to the creation of competing factions that at times came in open conflict. That did not prevent the party from participating in the political life of the country through various front organizations, most notably the Peasant Workers' Bloc. During the mid 1930s, as a result of the purges against the Iron Guard, the party was on the road to achieving power, but this was crushed by the dictatorship of king Carol II. In the perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Committee
Central committee is the common designation of a standing administrative body of Communist party, communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states. In such party organizations, the committee would typically be made up of delegates elected at a party congress. In Communist state, those states where it constituted the state power, the central committee made decisions for the party between congresses and usually was (at least nominally) responsible for electing the politburo. In non-ruling communist parties, the central committee is usually understood by the party membership to be the ultimate decision-making authority between congresses once the process of democratic centralism has led to an agreed-upon position. Non-communist organizations are also governed by central committees, such as the right-wing Likud party in Israel, the North American Mennonite Central Committee, Mennonite Church and Alcoholic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic Of Romania)
, disbanded = 1989 , succeeded_by = Parliament of Romania ( Chamber of Deputies and the Senate) , leader1_type = , leader1 = , leader2_type = , leader2 = , members = 369 , committees = , house1 = , house2 = , house3 = , voting_system1 = Direct show elections , voting_system2 = , last_election1 = , last_election2 = , session_room = Palatul Camerei Deputatilor1.jpg , session_res = , meeting_place = Palatul Adunării Deputaților , website = , footnotes = The Great National Assembly ( ro, Marea Adunare Națională; MAN) was the legislature of the Socialist Republic of Romania (known as the Romanian People's Republic before 1965). After the overthrow of Communism in Romania in December 1989, the Great National Assembly was dissolved by decree of the National Salvation Front (FSN) and eventually replaced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Council Of Romania
The State Council ( ro, Consiliul de Stat) was a body of state power in the Socialist Republic of Romania from 1961 to 1989. It was the collective head of state before the creation of the office of President in 1974. Powers 1961–1974 The State Council was created in 1961 with an amendment to the 1952 Constitution, replacing the Presidium of the Great National Assembly. It consisted of a president, three vice presidents and thirteen members. By the end of the Communist era, it comprised a president, four vice presidents, a secretary and 15 members. According to Article 63 of the 1965 Constitution, the State Council was "the supreme organ of state power (i. e., the GNA) in permanent session." It was elected by the GNA from among its members and held office for the GNA's duration—in practice, five years. As with all government bodies in Romania, it was nominally subordinate to the GNA. In practice, by 1989, all but two of its members were also members of the Central Commi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
