Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and millions of books. In addition to its archiving function, the Archive is an activist organization, advocating a free and open Internet. , the Internet Archive holds over 35 million books and texts, 8.5 million movies, videos and TV shows, 894 thousand software programs, 14 million audio files, 4.4 million images, 2.4 million TV clips, 241 thousand concerts, and over 734 billion web pages in the Wayback Machine.

The Internet Archive allows the public to upload and download digital material to its data cluster, but the bulk of its data is collected automatically by its web crawlers, which work to preserve as much of the public web as possible. Its web archive, the Wayback Machine, contains hundreds of billions of web captures. The Archive also oversees one of the world's largest book digitization projects.

History

Brewster Kahle founded the Archive in May 1996 around the same time that he began the for-profit web crawling company Alexa Internet. In October of that year, the Internet Archive had begun to archive and preserve the World Wide Web in large quantities, though it saved the earliest known page on May 10, 1996, at 2:42 PM. The archived content first became available to the general public in 2001, when it developed the Wayback Machine.

In late 1999, the Archive expanded its collections beyond the web archive, beginning with the Prelinger Archives. Now the Internet Archive includes texts, audio, moving images, and software. It hosts a number of other projects: the NASA Images Archive, the contract crawling service Archive-It, and the wiki-editable library catalog and book information site Open Library. Soon after that, the Archive began working to provide specialized services relating to the information access needs of the print-disabled; publicly accessible books were made available in a protected Digital Accessible Information System (DAISY) format."Daisy Books for the Print Disabled"
, February 25, 2013. Internet Archive.

According to its website:

In August 2012, the Archive announced that it has added BitTorrent to its file download options for more than 1.3 million existing files, and all newly uploaded files. This method is the fastest means of downloading media from the Archive, as files are served from two Archive data centers, in addition to other torrent clients which have downloaded and continue to serve the files."Welcome to Archive torrents"
. Internet Archive. On November 6, 2013, the Internet Archive's headquarters in San Francisco's Richmond District caught fire, destroying equipment and damaging some nearby apartments. According to the Archive, it lost a side-building housing one of 30 of its scanning centers; cameras, lights, and scanning equipment worth hundreds of thousands of dollars; and "maybe 20 boxes of books and film, some irreplaceable, most already digitized, and some replaceable". The nonprofit Archive sought donations to cover the estimated $600,000 in damage.

An overhaul of the site was launched as beta in November 2014, and the legacy layout was removed in March 2016.

In November 2016, Kahle announced that the Internet Archive was building the Internet Archive of Canada, a copy of the Archive to be based somewhere in Canada. The announcement received widespread coverage due to the implication that the decision to build a backup archive in a foreign country was because of the upcoming presidency of Donald Trump. Kahle was quoted as saying:

On November 9th in America, we woke up to a new administration promising radical change. It was a firm reminder that institutions like ours, built for the long-term, need to design for change. For us, it means keeping our cultural materials safe, private and perpetually accessible. It means preparing for a Web that may face greater restrictions. It means serving patrons in a world in which government surveillance is not going away; indeed it looks like it will increase. Throughout history, libraries have fought against terrible violations of privacy—where people have been rounded up simply for what they read. At the Internet Archive, we are fighting to protect our readers' privacy in the digital world.

Beginning in 2017, OCLC and the Internet Archive have collaborated to make the Archive's records of digitized books available in WorldCat.

Since 2018, the Internet Archive visual arts residency, which is organized by Amir Saber Esfahani and Andrew McClintock, helps connect artists with the Archive's over 48 petabytes of digitized materials. Over the course of the yearlong residency, visual artists create a body of work which culminates in an exhibition. The hope is to connect digital history with the arts and create something for future generations to appreciate online or off. Previous artists in residence include Taravat Talepasand, Whitney Lynn, and Jenny Odell.

In 2019, its headquarters in San Francisco received a bomb threat which forced a temporary evacuation of the building.

The Internet Archive acquires most materials from donations, See also: such as hundreds of thousands of 78 rpm discs from Boston Public Library in 2017, a donation of 250,000 books from Trent University in 2018, and the entire collection of Marygrove College's library in 2020 after it closed. All material is then digitized and retained in digital storage, while a digital copy is returned to the original holder and the Internet Archive's copy, if not in the public domain, is lent to patrons worldwide one at a time under the controlled digital lending (CDL) theory of the first-sale doctrine.

Operations

The Archive is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit operating in the United States. In 2019, it had an annual budget of $36 million, derived from revenue from its Web crawling services, various partnerships, grants, donations, and the Kahle-Austin Foundation. The Internet Archive also manages periodic funding campaigns. For instance, a December 2019 campaign had a goal of reaching $6 million in donations.

The Archive is headquartered in San Francisco, California. From 1996 to 2009, its headquarters were in the Presidio of San Francisco, a former U.S. military base. Since 2009, its headquarters have been at 300 Funston Avenue in San Francisco, a former Christian Science Church. At one time, most of its staff worked in its book-scanning centers; as of 2019, scanning is performed by 100 paid operators worldwide. The Archive also has data centers in three Californian cities: San Francisco, Redwood City, and Richmond. To reduce the risk of data loss, the Archive creates copies of parts of its collection at more distant locations, including the Bibliotheca Alexandrina"Donation to the new Library of Alexandria in Egypt"
; Alexandria, Egypt; April 20, 2002
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
. Internet Archive. in Egypt and a facility in Amsterdam.

The Archive is a member of the International Internet Preservation Consortium and was officially designated as a library by the state of California in 2007."Internet Archive officially a library"
, May 2, 2007. Internet Archive

Web archiving

Wayback Machine

The Internet Archive capitalized on the popular use of the term " WABAC Machine" from a segment of '' The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle'' cartoon (specifically, '' Peabody's Improbable History''), and uses the name "Wayback Machine" for its service that allows archives of the World Wide Web to be searched and accessed. This service allows users to view some of the archived web pages. The Wayback Machine was created as a joint effort between Alexa Internet (owned by Amazon.com) and the Internet Archive when a three-dimensional index was built to allow for the browsing of archived web content. Millions of web sites and their associated data (images, source code, documents, etc.) are saved in a database. The service can be used to see what previous versions of web sites used to look like, to grab original source code from web sites that may no longer be directly available, or to visit web sites that no longer even exist. Not all web sites are available because many web site owners choose to exclude their sites. As with all sites based on data from web crawlers, the Internet Archive misses large areas of the web for a variety of other reasons. A 2004 paper found international biases in the coverage, but deemed them "not intentional".

A "Save Page Now" archiving feature was made available in October 2013, accessible on the lower right of the Wayback Machine's main page. Once a target URL is entered and saved, the web page will become part of the Wayback Machine.
Through the Internet address web.archive.org, users can upload to the Wayback Machine a large variety of contents, including PDF and data compression file formats. The Wayback Machine creates a permanent local URL of the upload content, that is accessible in the web, even if not listed while searching in the https://archive.org official website.

In October 2016, it was announced that the way web pages are counted would be changed, resulting in the decrease of the archived pages counts shown. Embedded objects such as pictures, videos, style sheets, JavaScripts are no longer counted as a "web page", whereas HTML, PDF, and plain text documents remain counted.

{, class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Archived pages (billions)
, -
, 2005
, 40
, -
, 2006
, 85
, -
, 2007
, 85
, -
, 2008
, 85
, -
, 2009
, 150
, -
, 2010
, 150
, -
, 2011
, 150
, -
, 2012
, 150
, -
, 2013
, 373
, -
, 2014
, 430
, -
, 2015
, 479
, -
, 2016
, 510

273
, -
, 2017
, 286
, -
, 2018
, 344
, -
, 2019
, 396
, -
, 2020
, 486{{cite web, title=Internet Archive, url=https://archive.org/, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208201018/https://archive.org/web/, archive-date=December 8, 2020, access-date=December 8, 2022, publisher=Internet Archive}
, -
, 2021
, 635{{cite web, title=Internet Archive, url=https://archive.org/, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208085520/https://archive.org/web/, archive-date=December 8, 2021, access-date=December 8, 2022, publisher=Internet Archive}
, -
, 2022
, 771{{cite web, title=Internet Archive, url=https://archive.org/, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207110634/https://web.archive.org/, archive-date=December 7, 2021, access-date=December 8, 2022, publisher=Internet Archive}
, -
, colspan="2" ,
{{note label, old counting system, A, A Using the old counting system used before October 2016

{{note label, new counting system, B, B Using the new counting system used after October 2016

In September 2020, the Internet Archive announced a partnership with Cloudflare to automatically index websites served via its "Always Online" services.{{Clear

Archive-It{{anchor, Archive-It

Created in early 2006, Archive-It is a web archiving subscription service that allows institutions and individuals to build and preserve collections of digital content and create digital archives. Archive-It allows the user to customize their capture or exclusion of web content they want to preserve for cultural heritage reasons. Through a web application, Archive-It partners can harvest, catalog, manage, browse, search, and view their archived collections.

In terms of accessibility, the archived web sites are full text searchable within seven days of capture. Content collected through Archive-It is captured and stored as a WARC file. A primary and back-up copy is stored at the Internet Archive data centers. A copy of the WARC file can be given to subscribing partner institutions for geo-redundant preservation and storage purposes to their best practice standards. Periodically, the data captured through Archive-It is indexed into the Internet Archive's general archive.

{{As of, 2014, 03, Archive-It had more than 275 partner institutions in 46 U.S. states and 16 countries that have captured more than 7.4 billion URLs for more than 2,444 public collections. Archive-It partners are universities and college libraries, state archives, federal institutions, museums, law libraries, and cultural organizations, including the Electronic Literature Organization, North Carolina State Archives and Library, Stanford University, Columbia University, American University in Cairo, Georgetown Law Library, and many others.

Internet Archive Scholar

In September 2020 Internet Archive announced a new initiative to archive and preserve open access academic journals, called Internet Archive Scholar. Its full-text search index includes over 25 million research articles and other scholarly documents preserved in the Internet Archive. The collection spans from digitized copies of eighteenth century journals through the latest open access conference proceedings and pre-prints crawled from the World Wide Web.

General Index

In 2021, the Internet Archive announced the initial version of the General Index, a publicly available index to a collection of 107 million academic journal articles.{{Cite journal, last=Else, first=Holly, date=2021-10-26, title=Giant, free index to world's research papers released online, url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02895-8, journal=Nature, language=en, doi=10.1038/d41586-021-02895-8, pmid=34703019, s2cid=240000069, access-date=November 12, 2021, archive-date=November 13, 2021, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113162341/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02895-8, url-status=live

Book collections

Text collection

The Internet Archive operates 33 scanning centers in five countries, digitizing about 1,000 books a day for a total of more than 2 million books, financially supported by libraries and foundations.Kahle, Brewster (May 23, 2008)
"Books Scanning to be Publicly Funded"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924105740/http://www.archive.org/iathreads/post-view.php?id=194217 , date=September 24, 2009 . Internet Archive Forums. {{As of, 2013, 07, the collection included 4.4 million books with more than 15 million downloads per month. {{As of, 2008, 11, when there were approximately 1 million texts, the entire collection was greater than 0.5 petabytes, which includes raw camera images, cropped and skewed images, PDFs, and raw OCR data. Between about 2006 and 2008, Microsoft had a special relationship with Internet Archive texts through its Live Search Books project, scanning more than 300,000 books that were contributed to the collection, as well as financial support and scanning equipment. On May 23, 2008, Microsoft announced it would be ending the Live Book Search project and no longer scanning books.{{cite web, url=http://blogs.msdn.com/livesearch/archive/2008/05/23/book-search-winding-down.aspx , title=Book search winding down , date=May 23, 2008 , work= MSDN Live Search Blog, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820220749/http://blogs.msdn.com/livesearch/archive/2008/05/23/book-search-winding-down.aspx , archive-date=August 20, 2008 Microsoft made its scanned books available without contractual restriction and donated its scanning equipment to its former partners.

Around October 2007, Archive users began uploading public domain books from Google Book Search."Google Books at Internet Archive"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971011064403/https://archive.org/index.html , date=October 11, 1997 . Internet Archive. {{as of, 2013, November, there were more than 900,000 Google-digitized books in the Archive's collection;"List of Google scans"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126055407/https://archive.org/search.php?query=sponsor%3A%28Google%29 , date=January 26, 2014 (search). Internet Archive. the books are identical to the copies found on Google, except without the Google watermarks, and are available for unrestricted use and download. Brewster Kahle revealed in 2013 that this archival effort was coordinated by Aaron Swartz, who with a "bunch of friends" downloaded the public domain books from Google slowly enough and from enough computers to stay within Google's restrictions. They did this to ensure public access to the public domain. The Archive ensured the items were attributed and linked back to Google, which never complained, while libraries "grumbled". According to Kahle, this is an example of Swartz's "genius" to work on what could give the most to the public good for millions of people.Brewster Kahle,
Aaron Swartz memorial at the Internet Archive
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629062022/https://archive.org/details/AaronSwartzMemorialAtTheInternetArchive?start=4680 , date=June 29, 2015 ", 2013-01-24, vi
The well-prepared mind
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814162152/http://wellpreparedmind.wordpress.com/2013/02/07/aaron-swartz-freed-over-900000-public-domain-books-from-googles-restrictions/ , date=August 14, 2014 , vi
S.I.Lex
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808094118/http://scinfolex.com/2013/02/06/cest-aaron-swartz-qui-liberait-les-livres-de-google-books-sur-internet-archive/ , date=August 8, 2014 . {{anchor, RECAP US Federal Court DocumentsBesides books, the Archive offers free and anonymous public access to more than four million court opinions, legal briefs, or exhibits uploaded from the United States Federal Courts' PACER electronic document system via the RECAP web browser plugin. These documents had been kept behind a federal court paywall. On the Archive, they had been accessed by more than six million people by 2013.

The Archive's BookReader web app,{{cite web , title=Internet Archive BookReader , url=https://archive.org/details/BookReader , website=archive.org , access-date=June 21, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621131721/https://archive.org/details/BookReader , archive-date=June 21, 2019 , url-status=live built into its website, has features such as single-page, two-page, and thumbnail modes; fullscreen mode; page zooming of high-resolution images; and flip page animation.

Number of texts for each language

{, class="wikitable"
, -
!Number of all texts
(2022)
, 34,000,000{{Cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/texts?tab=collection, title=Internet Archive: texts collection, at=language facets

{, class="wikitable sortable"
, -
!style="text-align:center;", Language
!Number of texts
(2022)
, -
, English
, 25,000,000
, -
, French
, 700,000
, -
, Dutch
, 700,000
, -
, German
, 700,000
, -
, Chinese
, 550,000
, -
, Arabic
, 450,000
, -
, Italian
, 400,000
, -
, Spanish
, 300,000
, -
, Japanese
, 150,000
, -
, Greek
, 150,000
, -
, Latin
, 150,000
, -
, Urdu
, 100,000

Number of texts for each decade

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{,
, - style="vertical-align: top;"
,
{, class="wikitable"
, +XIX century
, -
!Decade
!Number of texts
(July 5, 2021)
, -
, 1800s
, 82,587{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1800-01-01%20TO%201809-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:800-01-01 TO 1809-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184056/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1800-01-01%20TO%201809-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1810s
, 100,048{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1810-01-01%20TO%201819-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:810-01-01 TO 1819-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326053037/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1810-01-01%20TO%201819-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 26, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1820s
, 151,669{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1820-01-01%20TO%201829-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:820-01-01 TO 1829-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315065543/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1820-01-01%20TO%201829-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 15, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1830s
, 203,287{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1830-01-01%20TO%201839-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:830-01-01 TO 1839-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184108/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1830-01-01%20TO%201839-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1840s
, 239,343{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1840-01-01%20TO%201849-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:840-01-01 TO 1849-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326003423/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1840-01-01%20TO%201849-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 26, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1850s
, 307,302{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1850-01-01%20TO%201859-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:850-01-01 TO 1859-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317101935/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1850-01-01%20TO%201859-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 17, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1860s
, 322,843{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1860-01-01%20TO%201869-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:860-01-01 TO 1869-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313144015/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1860-01-01%20TO%201869-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 13, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1870s
, 336,637{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1870-01-01%20TO%201879-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:870-01-01 TO 1879-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315072622/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1870-01-01%20TO%201879-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 15, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1880s
, 445,046{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1880-01-01%20TO%201889-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:880-01-01 TO 1889-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316181145/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1880-01-01%20TO%201889-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 16, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1890s
, 570,017{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1890-01-01%20TO%201899-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:890-01-01 TO 1899-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311063253/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1890-01-01%20TO%201899-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 11, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021

,
{, class="wikitable"
, +XX century
, -
!Decade
!Number of texts
(July 5, 2021)
, -
, 1900s
, 767,201{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1900-01-01%20TO%201909-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:900-01-01 TO 1909-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318045422/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1900-01-01%20TO%201909-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 18, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1910s
, 744,445{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1910-01-01%20TO%201919-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:910-01-01 TO 1919-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319012820/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1910-01-01%20TO%201919-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 19, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1920s
, 473,331{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1920-01-01%20TO%201929-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:920-01-01 TO 1929-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184113/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1920-01-01%20TO%201929-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1930s
, 342,779{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1930-01-01%20TO%201939-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:930-01-01 TO 1939-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184117/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1930-01-01%20TO%201939-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1940s
, 400,490{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1940-01-01%20TO%201949-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:940-01-01 TO 1949-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326054436/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1940-01-01%20TO%201949-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 26, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1950s
, 560,730{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1950-01-01%20TO%201959-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:950-01-01 TO 1959-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316185045/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1950-01-01%20TO%201959-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 16, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1960s
, 711,449{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1960-01-01%20TO%201969-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:960-01-01 TO 1969-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315045623/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1960-01-01%20TO%201969-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 15, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1970s
, 2,540,807{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1970-01-01%20TO%201979-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:970-01-01 TO 1979-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184121/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1970-01-01%20TO%201979-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1980s
, 1,124,927{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1980-01-01%20TO%201989-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:980-01-01 TO 1989-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184159/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1980-01-01%20TO%201989-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1990s
, 1,379,398{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1990-01-01%20TO%201999-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:990-01-01 TO 1999-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311000946/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1990-01-01%20TO%201999-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 11, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021

,
{, class="wikitable"
, +XXI century
, -
!Decade
!Number of texts
(July 5, 2021)
, -
, 2000s
, 1,754,932{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2000-01-01%20TO%202009-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:000-01-01 TO 2009-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326171415/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2000-01-01%20TO%202009-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 26, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 2010s
, 3,317,801{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2010-01-01%20TO%2019-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:010-01-01 TO 2019-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184814/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2010-01-01%20TO%202014-1-24%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 2020s
, 205,178{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2020-01-01%20TO%2029-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:020-01-01 TO 2029-12-31publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=July 5, 2021

Open Library

{{main, Open Library

The Open Library is another project of the Internet Archive. The project seeks to include a web page for every book ever published: it holds 25 million catalog records of editions. It also seeks to be a web-accessible public library: it contains the full texts of approximately 1,600,000 public domain books (out of the more than five million from the main texts collection), as well as in-print and in-copyright books, many of which are fully readable, downloadable and full-text searchable; it offers a two-week loan of e-books in its controlled digital lending program for over 647,784 books not in the public domain, in partnership with over 1,000 library partners from six countriesHoffelder, Nate (July 9, 2013)
"Internet Archive Now Hosts 4.4 Million eBooks, Sees 15 Million eBooks Downloaded Each Month"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110091506/http://www.the-digital-reader.com/2013/07/09/internet-archive-now-hosts-4-4-million-ebooks-sees-15-million-ebooks-downloaded-each-month/ , date=November 10, 2013 . The Digital Reader. after a free registration on the web site. Open Library is a free and open-source software project, with its source code freely available on GitHub.

The Open Library faces objections from some authors and the Society of Authors, who hold that the project is distributing books without authorization and is thus in violation of copyright laws, and four major publishers initiated a copyright infringement lawsuit against the Internet Archive in June 2020 to stop the Open Library project.{{cite web , url = https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/1/21277036/internet-archive-publishers-lawsuit-open-library-ebook-lending , title = Publishers sue Internet Archive over Open Library ebook lending , first = Russell , last = Brandom , date = June 1, 2020 , access-date = June 1, 2020 , work = The Verge , archive-date = June 1, 2020 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200601185706/https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/1/21277036/internet-archive-publishers-lawsuit-open-library-ebook-lending , url-status = live

Digitizing sponsors for books

Many large institutional sponsors have helped the Internet Archive provide millions of scanned publications (text items). Some sponsors that have digitized large quantities of texts include the University of Toronto's Robarts Library, the University of Alberta Libraries, the University of Ottawa, the Library of Congress, Boston Library Consortium member libraries, the Boston Public Library, the Princeton Theological Seminary Library, and many others.

In 2017, the MIT Press authorized the Internet Archive to digitize and lend books from the press's backlist, with financial support from the Arcadia Fund. A year later, the Internet Archive received further funding from the Arcadia Fund to invite some other university presses to partner with the Internet Archive to digitize books, a project called "Unlocking University Press Books".

The Library of Congress created numerous handle system identifiers that pointed to free digitized books in the Internet Archive. The Internet Archive and Open Library are listed on the Library of Congress website as a source of e-books.

Media collections

In addition to web archives, the Internet Archive maintains extensive collections of digital media that are attested by the uploader to be in the public domain in the United States or licensed under a license that allows redistribution, such as Creative Commons licenses. Media are organized into collections by media type (moving images, audio, text, etc.), and into sub-collections by various criteria. Each of the main collections includes a "Community" sub-collection (formerly named "Open Source") where general contributions by the public are stored.

Audio

{{anchor, aaAudio Archive

The Audio Archive is an audio archive that includes music, audiobooks, news broadcasts, old time radio shows, and a wide variety of other audio files. There are more than 200,000 free digital recordings in the collection. The subcollections include audio books and poetry, podcasts, non-English audio, and many others."Welcome to Audio Archive"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117045201/https://archive.org/details/audio , date=January 17, 2014 . Internet Archive. The sound collections are curated by B. George, director of the ARChive of Contemporary Music.{{cite web, last1=Pritchard, first1=Will, title=How The Great 78 Project is saving half a million songs from obscurity, url=https://thevinylfactory.com/features/great-78-project-archive-interview/, website=The Vinyl Factory, access-date=November 2, 2017, date=August 18, 2017, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004227/https://thevinylfactory.com/features/great-78-project-archive-interview/, archive-date=November 7, 2017, url-status=live

Next to the stock HTML5 audio player, Winamp-resembling ''Webamp'' is available.

Digital Library of Amateur Radio and Communications

A project to preserve recordings of amateur radio transmissions, with funding from the Amateur Radio Digital Communications foundation.

Live Music Archive

{{main, Live Music Archive
The Live Music Archive sub-collection includes more than 170,000 concert recordings from independent musicians, as well as more established artists and musical ensembles with permissive rules about recording their concerts, such as the Grateful Dead, and more recently, The Smashing Pumpkins. Also, Jordan Zevon has allowed the Internet Archive to host a definitive collection of his father Warren Zevon's concert recordings. The Zevon collection ranges from 1976 to 2001 and contains 126 concerts including 1,137 songs.

The Great 78 Project

{{main, The Great 78 Project
The Great 78 Project aims to digitize 250,000 78 rpm singles (500,000 songs) from the period between 1880 and 1960, donated by various collectors and institutions. It has been developed in collaboration with the Archive of Contemporary Music and George Blood Audio, responsible for the audio digitization.

Netlabels

{{distinguish, Netlabel
The Archive has a collection of freely distributable music that is streamed and available for download via its ''Netlabels'' service. The music in this collection generally has Creative Commons-license catalogs of virtual record labels."Welcome to Netlabels"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404162519/https://archive.org/details/netlabels , date=April 4, 2014 . Internet Archive.{{cite web, url=http://lifehacker.com/208221/download-free-music-at-the-internet-archive , title=Download free music at the Internet Archive , work=Lifehacker , date=October 21, 2006 , first=Wendy , last=Boswell , quote=The Internet Archive has a ginormous collection of free, downloadable music in their NetLabels category ..., url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505115952/http://lifehacker.com/208221/download-free-music-at-the-internet-archive , archive-date=May 5, 2012

Images collection

This collection contains more than 3.5 million items. Cover Art Archive, Metropolitan Museum of Art - Gallery Images, NASA Images, Occupy Wall Street Flickr Archive, and USGS Maps are some sub-collections of Image collection.

Cover Art Archive

The Cover Art Archive is a joint project between the Internet Archive and MusicBrainz, whose goal is to make cover art images on the Internet. {{As of, 2021, 04, post=, this collection contains more than 1,400,000 items.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/coverartarchive , title=Cover Art Archive: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140633/https://archive.org/details/coverartarchive , archive-date=January 3, 2015

Metropolitan Museum of Art images

The images of this collection are from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. This collection contains more than 140,000 items.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery , title=Metropolitan Museum of Art – Gallery Images: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140654/https://archive.org/details/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery , archive-date=January 3, 2015

NASA Images

The NASA Images archive was created through a Space Act Agreement between the Internet Archive and NASA to bring public access to NASA's image, video, and audio collections in a single, searchable resource. The IA NASA Images team worked closely with all of the NASA centers to keep adding to the ever-growing collection. The nasaimages.org site launched in July 2008 and had more than 100,000 items online at the end of its hosting in 2012.

Occupy Wall Street Flickr archive

This collection contains Creative Commons-licensed photographs from Flickr related to the Occupy Wall Street movement. This collection contains more than 15,000 items.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/flickr-ows , title=Occupy Wall Street Flickr Archive: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140621/https://archive.org/details/flickr-ows , archive-date=January 3, 2015

USGS Maps

This collection contains more than 59,000 items from Libre Map Project.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/maps_usgs , title=USGS Maps: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140641/https://archive.org/details/maps_usgs , archive-date=January 3, 2015

Mathematical images

This collection contains mathematical images created by mathematical artist Hamid Naderi Yeganeh.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/mathematicsimage , title=Mathematics – Hamid Naderi Yeganeh (Image): Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014214955/https://archive.org/details/mathematicsimage , archive-date=October 14, 2014

Machinima Archive

One of the sub-collections of the Internet Archive's Video Archive is the Machinima Archive. This small section hosts many Machinima videos. Machinima is a digital artform in which computer games, game engines, or software engines are used in a sandbox-like mode to create motion pictures, recreate plays, or even publish presentations or keynotes. The archive collects a range of Machinima films from internet publishers such as Rooster Teeth and Machinima.com as well as independent producers. The sub-collection is a collaborative effort among the Internet Archive, the How They Got Game research project at Stanford University, the Academy of Machinima Arts and Sciences, and Machinima.com."Welcome to Machinima"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323173619/https://archive.org/details/machinima , date=March 23, 2013 . Internet Archive.

Microfilm collection

This collection contains approximately 160,000 microfilmed items from a variety of libraries including the University of Chicago Libraries, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the University of Alberta, Allen County Public Library, and the National Technical Information Service.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Amicrofilm%20AND%20collection%3Aadditional_collections , title=Internet Archive Search: collection:microfilm , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=March 20, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331224824/https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Amicrofilm%20AND%20collection%3Aadditional_collections , archive-date=March 31, 2016 {{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/microfilm , title=Microfilm , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=March 20, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320180301/https://archive.org/details/microfilm , archive-date=March 20, 2014

Moving image collection

{{See also, Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Internet Archive film{{!Wikipedia list of films freely available on the Internet Archive
The Internet Archive holds a collection of approximately 3,863 feature films.{{cite web, title=Internet Archive Search: Collection: Feature Films , url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Afeature_films&sort=-%2Fadditional%2Fitem%2Fdownloads , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=March 6, 2013 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402214317/https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Afeature_films&sort=-%2Fadditional%2Fitem%2Fdownloads , archive-date=April 2, 2013 Additionally, the Internet Archive's Moving Image collection includes: newsreels, classic cartoons, pro- and anti-war propaganda, The Video Cellar Collection, Skip Elsheimer's "A.V. Geeks" collection, early television, and ephemeral material from Prelinger Archives, such as advertising, educational, and industrial films, as well as amateur and home movie collections.

Subcategories of this collection include:
* IA's ''Brick Films'' collection, which contains stop-motion animation filmed with Lego bricks, some of which are "remakes" of feature films.
* IA's ''Election 2004'' collection, a non-partisan public resource for sharing video materials related to the 2004 United States presidential election.
* IA's ''FedFlix'' collection, Joint Venture NTIS-1832 between the National Technical Information Service and Public.Resource.Org that features "the best movies of the United States Government, from training films to history, from our national parks to the U.S. Fire Academy and the Postal Inspectors"{{cite web, publisher=Internet Archive, title=FedFlix, url=https://archive.org/details=FedFlix, access-date=December 14, 2013
* IA's ''Independent News'' collection, which includes sub-collections such as the Internet Archive's World At War competition from 2001, in which contestants created short films demonstrating "why access to history matters". Among their most-downloaded video files are eyewitness recordings of the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.
* IA's ''September 11 Television Archive'', which contains archival footage from the world's major television networks of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, as they unfolded on live television."September 11th Television Archive"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403154832/https://archive.org/details/sept_11_tv_archive , date=April 3, 2014 . Internet Archive.

Open Educational Resources

{{see also, Open educational resources
Open Educational Resources is a digital collection at archive.org. This collection contains hundreds of free courses, video lectures, and supplemental materials from universities in the United States and China. The contributors of this collection are ArsDigita University, Hewlett Foundation, MIT, Monterey Institute, and Naropa University.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/education , title=Download & Streaming : Open Educational Resources : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=June 17, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122916/https://archive.org/details/education , archive-date=July 2, 2014

TV News Search & Borrow

In September 2012, the Internet Archive launched the TV News Search & Borrow service for searching U.S. national news programs.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/tv/ , title=TV NEWS : Search Captions. Borrow Broadcasts : TV Archive : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=April 13, 2013 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420214957/https://archive.org/details/tv , archive-date=April 20, 2013 The service is built on closed captioning transcripts and allows users to search and stream 30-second video clips. Upon launch, the service contained "350,000 news programs collected over 3 years from national U.S. networks and stations in San Francisco and Washington D.C." According to Kahle, the service was inspired by the Vanderbilt Television News Archive, a similar library of televised network news programs. In contrast to Vanderbilt, which limits access to streaming video to individuals associated with subscribing colleges and universities, the TV News Search & Borrow allows open access to its streaming video clips. In 2013, the Archive received an additional donation of "approximately 40,000 well-organized tapes" from the estate of a Philadelphia woman, Marion Stokes. Stokes "had recorded more than 35 years of TV news in Philadelphia and Boston with her VHS and Betamax machines."

Miscellaneous collections

Brooklyn Museum

This collection contains approximately 3,000 items from Brooklyn Museum.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/brooklynmuseum , title=Brooklyn Museum: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140547/https://archive.org/details/brooklynmuseum , archive-date=January 3, 2015

Michelson library

In December 2020, the film research library of Lillian Michelson was donated to the archive.

Other services and endeavors

Physical media

Voicing a strong reaction to the idea of books simply being thrown away, and inspired by the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Kahle now envisions collecting one copy of every book ever published. "We're not going to get there, but that's our goal", he said. Alongside the books, Kahle plans to store the Internet Archive's old servers, which were replaced in 2010.

Software

The Internet Archive has "the largest collection of historical software online in the world", spanning 50 years of computer history in terabytes of computer magazines and journals, books, shareware discs, FTP sites, video games, etc. The Internet Archive has created an archive of what it describes as "vintage software", as a way to preserve them.{{cite web , url=https://archive.org/details/clasp , title=The Internet Archive Classic Software Preservation Project , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=October 21, 2007, archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071019034848/https://archive.org/details/clasp, archive-date= October 19, 2007 , url-status= live The project advocated for an exemption from the United States Digital Millennium Copyright Act to permit them to bypass copy protection, which was approved in 2003 for a period of three years.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/about/dmca.php, title=Internet Archive Gets DMCA Exemption To Help Archive Vintage Software, access-date=October 21, 2007, archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071020011825/https://archive.org/about/dmca.php, archive-date= October 20, 2007 , url-status= live The Archive does not offer the software for download, as the exemption is solely "for the purpose of preservation or archival reproduction of published digital works by a library or archive." The exemption was renewed in 2006, and in 2009 was indefinitely extended pending further rulemakings. The Library reiterated the exemption as a "Final Rule" with no expiration date in 2010.{{cite journal, url=https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/07/27/2010-18339/exemption-to-prohibition-on-circumvention-of-copyright-protection-systems-for-access-control , title=Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies , author=Library of Congress Copyright Office , journal=Federal Register , date=July 27, 2010 , volume=75 , issue=143 , pages=43825–43839 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627172044/https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/07/27/2010-18339/exemption-to-prohibition-on-circumvention-of-copyright-protection-systems-for-access-control , archive-date=June 27, 2015 In 2013, the Internet Archive began to provide abandonware video games browser-playable via MESS, for instance the Atari 2600 game ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial''. Since December 23, 2014, the Internet Archive presents, via a browser-based DOSBox emulation, thousands of DOS/PC gamescollection:softwarelibrary_msdos
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628201230/https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Asoftwarelibrary_msdos&page=1 , date=June 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive (December 29, 2014) for "scholarship and research purposes only".{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/about/terms.php , title=Internet Archive's Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, and Copyright Policy , date=December 31, 2014 , access-date=January 8, 2015 , quote=''Access to the Archive's Collections is provided at no cost to you and is granted for scholarship and research purposes only.'' , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103160557/https://archive.org/about/terms.php , archive-date=January 3, 2015 In November 2020, the Archive introduced a new emulator for Adobe Flash called Ruffle, and began archiving Flash animations and games ahead of the December 31, 2020 end-of-life for the Flash plugin across all computer systems.

{{Anchor, ttscribeTable Top Scribe System

A combined hardware software system has been developed that performs a safe method of digitizing content.{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/tabletopscribesystem, access-date=October 23, 2018, title=Table Top Scribe System, website=Internet Archive, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010084141/https://archive.org/details/tabletopscribesystem, archive-date=October 10, 2018{{cite web, url=https://www.linux.com/news/linux-help-library-congress-save-american-history, title=Linux to help the Library of Congress save American history, first=Michael, last=Stutz, publisher=The Linux foundation, website=Linux.com, date=March 28, 2007, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023085241/https://www.linux.com/news/linux-help-library-congress-save-american-history, archive-date=October 23, 2017

Credit Union

From 2012 to November 2015, the Internet Archive operated the Internet Archive Federal Credit Union, a federal credit union based in New Brunswick, New Jersey

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