''Infundibulicybe'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...
that is robustly placed
incertae sedis as sister group to the Tricholomatoid clade.
It has previously been part of the family of
Tricholomataceae, but recent molecular phylogeny has shown it to take an isolated position within the
Agaricales
The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms (for their distinctive gills) or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13,000 described species, alo ...
.
Description
The fruitingbody of ''Infundibulicybe'' is
clitocyboid and not
hygrophanous. The cap diameter can vary from 1,5 to 25 cm, with some growing as large as 40 cm. Its shape can be depressed to funnel-like with a velvety to finely scaly surface. The colouration of the basidiocarp is white to pale buff to buff, pinkish buff,
yellowish
Varieties of the color yellow may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shad ...
, yellowish brown, orange brown, reddish brown or greyish brown. The
gills are decurrent to deeply decurrent. This basidiomycete smells faint, from cyanic to sweet aromatic and faintly camphor-like when fresh. The spore
deposit is whitish and spores are
dikaryoid, smooth, hyaline and without iodine reactions. The
basidia are 4-spored,
cheilocystidia are absent and
clamp connections
A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of Basidiomycetes fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), recei ...
present. They grow
saprotrophic
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi (f ...
on litter of leaves and needles or soil in forests, grassland and alpine habitats.
''Infundibulicybe'' shares some characteristics with ''
Omphalina
''Omphalina'' is a genus of small agarics with white, nonamyloid, basidiospores and decurrent gills. Typically the cap has a deep central depression giving the umbrella-like to funnel-shaped cap the appearance of a belly button, or a belly with a ...
'', like the cream-reddish brown tinges of
pileus and
stipe, the deeply decurrent lamellae and strongly encrusting pigment.
Another member of the group, ''
I. lateritia'' is a rare alpine-arctic species strictly associated with ''
Dryas octopetala'' (
Rosaceae
Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera.
The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...
).
Taxonomy
The group was formerly included in the genus
Clitocybe, but in 2003 was erected to genus level to accommodate species for which mycelium cannot reduce nitrate and basidiospores do not adhere in tetrads, but exhibit a lacrymoid (tear-shaped) morphology, a confluent base and a cyanophobic basidiospore wall.
The genus contains 19 widespread species according to the Index Fungorum and one new species ''
I. rufa'', only known from high altitude localities in southwestern China, described in 2016.
The type species of the genus, as defined by the author Harmaja, is ''
I. gibba''.
Species
*''
I. alkaliviolascens''
*''
I. altaica''
*''
I. bresadolana''
*''
I. catinus''
*''
I. costata''
*''
I. dryadum''
*''
I. geotropa''
*''
I. gibba''
*''
I. gigas''
*''
I. glareosa''
*''
I. lapponica''
*''
I. lateritia''
*''
I. mediterranea''
*''
I. meridionalis''
*''
I. montana''
*''
I. rufa''
*''
I. sinopicoides''
*''
I. splendoides''
*''
I. squamulosa''
*''
I. trulliformis''
See also
*
List of Tricholomataceae genera
References
Agaricales enigmatic taxa
Agaricales genera
{{Tricholomataceae-stub