Induction or inductive may refer to:
Biology and medicine
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Labor induction
Labor induction is the process or treatment that stimulates childbirth and delivery. Inducing (starting) labor can be accomplished with pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical methods. In Western countries, it is estimated that one-quarter of pregnan ...
(of birth)
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Induction chemotherapy
Induction chemotherapy is the first-line treatment of cancer with a chemotherapeutic drug. The goal of induction chemotherapy is to cure the cancer. It may be contrasted with neoadjuvant therapy
Neoadjuvant therapy is the administration of t ...
, in medicine
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Induced stem cells
Induced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming. They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor (multipotent – iM ...
, derived from other cell types
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Enzyme induction and inhibition
Enzyme induction is a process in which a molecule (''e.g.'' a drug) induces (''i.e.'' initiates or enhances) the expression of an enzyme.
Enzyme inhibition can refer to
* the inhibition of the expression of the enzyme by another molecule
* inte ...
Chemistry
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Induction period
An induction period in chemical kinetics is an initial slow stage of a chemical reaction; after the induction period, the reaction accelerates. Ignoring induction periods can lead to runaway reactions.
In some catalytic reactions, a pre-catalyst n ...
, slow stage of a reaction
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Inductive cleavage Inductive cleavage, in organic chemistry, is the charge-initiated counterpoint to radical initiated alpha-cleavage. Since inductive cleavage does not require unpairing and re-pairing electrons it can occur at both radical cationic and cationic site ...
, in organic chemistry
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Inductive effect
In chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond.
It is present in a σ (sigm ...
, change in electron density
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Asymmetric induction
In stereochemistry, asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the sub ...
, preferring one stereoisomer over another
Computing
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Grammar induction
Grammar induction (or grammatical inference) is the process in machine learning of learning a formal grammar (usually as a collection of ''re-write rules'' or '' productions'' or alternatively as a finite state machine or automaton of some kind) fr ...
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Inductive bias
The inductive bias (also known as learning bias) of a learning algorithm is the set of assumptions that the learner uses to predict outputs of given inputs that it has not encountered.
In machine learning, one aims to construct algorithms that a ...
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Inductive probability
Inductive probability attempts to give the probability of future events based on past events. It is the basis for inductive reasoning, and gives the mathematical basis for learning and the perception of patterns. It is a source of knowledge about t ...
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Inductive programming
Inductive programming (IP) is a special area of automatic programming, covering research from artificial intelligence and programming, which addresses learning of typically declarative (logic or functional) and often recursive programs from incom ...
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Rule induction
Rule induction is an area of machine learning in which formal rules are extracted from a set of observations. The rules extracted may represent a full scientific model of the data, or merely represent local patterns in the data.
Data mining in g ...
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Word-sense induction In computational linguistics, word-sense induction (WSI) or discrimination is an open problem of natural language processing, which concerns the automatic identification of the senses of a word (i.e. meanings). Given that the output of word-sens ...
Mathematics
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Backward induction
Backward induction is the process of reasoning backwards in time, from the end of a problem or situation, to determine a sequence of optimal actions. It proceeds by examining the last point at which a decision is to be made and then identifying wha ...
in game theory and economics
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Induced representation
In group theory, the induced representation is a representation of a group, , which is constructed using a known representation of a subgroup . Given a representation of '','' the induced representation is, in a sense, the "most general" represent ...
, in representation theory
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Mathematical induction
Mathematical induction is a method for proving that a statement ''P''(''n'') is true for every natural number ''n'', that is, that the infinitely many cases ''P''(0), ''P''(1), ''P''(2), ''P''(3), ... all hold. Informal metaphors help ...
, a method of proof
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Strong induction
Mathematical induction is a method for proving that a statement ''P''(''n'') is true for every natural number ''n'', that is, that the infinitely many cases ''P''(0), ''P''(1), ''P''(2), ''P''(3), ... all hold. Informal metaphors help ...
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Structural induction Structural induction is a proof method that is used in mathematical logic (e.g., in the proof of Łoś' theorem), computer science, graph theory, and some other mathematical fields. It is a generalization of mathematical induction over natural num ...
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Transfinite induction
Transfinite induction is an extension of mathematical induction to well-ordered sets, for example to sets of ordinal numbers or cardinal numbers. Its correctness is a theorem of ZFC.
Induction by cases
Let P(\alpha) be a property defined for a ...
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Epsilon-induction
In set theory, \in-induction, also called epsilon-induction or set-induction, is a principle that can be used to prove that all sets satisfy a given property. Considered as an axiomatic principle, it is called the axiom schema of set induction.
...
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Parabolic induction In mathematics, parabolic induction is a method of constructing representations of a reductive group from representations of its parabolic subgroups.
If ''G'' is a reductive algebraic group and P=MAN is the Langlands decomposition of a parabol ...
Philosophy
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Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which a general principle is derived from a body of observations. It consists of making broad generalizations based on specific observations. Inductive reasoning is distinct from ''deductive'' re ...
, in logic
Physics
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Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force (emf) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk ...
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Electrostatic induction
Electrostatic induction, also known as "electrostatic influence" or simply "influence" in Europe and Latin America, is a redistribution of electric charge in an object that is caused by the influence of nearby charges. In the presence of a charg ...
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Forced induction
In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated.
Operating principle Overvi ...
, or turbocharging, of an engine
Other uses
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Induction (play)
An induction in a play is an explanatory scene, summary or other text that stands outside or apart from the main play with the intent to comment on it, moralize about it or in the case of dumb show—to summarize the plot or underscore what is afo ...
, an opening scene
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Induction (teachers)
Induction is the support and guidance provided to novice teachers and school administrators in the early stages of their careers. Induction encompasses orientation to the workplace, socialization, mentoring, and guidance through beginning teacher p ...
, support of novice teachers
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Inductive reasoning aptitude
Inductive reasoning aptitude (also called differentiation or inductive learning ability) measures how well a person can identify a pattern within a large amount of data. It involves applying the rules of logic when inferring general principles fr ...
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Collective Induction Collective induction is a task developed by Steiner and used in research on group problem solving. Broadly, the method entails "the cooperative search for descriptive, predictive, and explanatory generalizations, rules, and principles" among membe ...
, in psychology
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Hypnotic induction
Hypnotic induction is the process undertaken by a hypnotist to establish the state or conditions required for hypnosis to occur.
Self-hypnosis is also possible, in which a subject listens to a recorded induction or plays the roles of both hypnot ...
, causing hypnosis
* "Induction", a song by Broken Spindles from ''
Fulfilled/complete''
See also
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Inducement (disambiguation)
Inducement may refer to:
* Incentive, persuading a person to alter their behaviour
* Bribery, a gift to influence an official
See also
* Inducement prize contest, a competition to reward a feat, usually of engineering
* Inducement rule, a copyrigh ...
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Induce (disambiguation)
Induce may refer to:
* Induced consumption
* Induced innovation
* Induced character
* Induced coma
* Induced menopause
* Induced metric
* Induced path
* Induced topology
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subspace of a topological ...
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Inductive data type (disambiguation) Inductive data type may refer to:
* Algebraic data type, a datatype each of whose values is data from other datatypes wrapped in one of the constructors of the datatype
* Inductive family, a family of inductive data types indexed by another type or ...
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Deduction (disambiguation)
Deduction may refer to:
Philosophy
* Deductive reasoning, the mental process of drawing inferences in which the truth of their premises ensures the truth of their conclusion
* Natural deduction, a class of proof systems based on simple and self ...
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{{disambiguation