|
Induction (other)
Induction or inductive may refer to: Biology and medicine * Labor induction (of birth) * Induction chemotherapy, in medicine * Induced stem cells, derived from other cell types * Enzyme induction and inhibition Chemistry * Induction period, slow stage of a reaction * Inductive cleavage, in organic chemistry * Inductive effect, change in electron density * Asymmetric induction, preferring one stereoisomer over another Computing * Grammar induction * Inductive bias * Inductive probability * Inductive programming * Rule induction * Word-sense induction Mathematics * Backward induction in game theory and economics * Induced representation, in representation theory * Mathematical induction, a method of proof ** Strong induction ** Structural induction ** Transfinite induction *** Epsilon-induction * Parabolic induction Philosophy * Inductive reasoning, in logic Physics * Electromagnetic induction * Electrostatic induction * Forced induction, or turbocharging, of an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labor Induction
Labor induction is the process or treatment that stimulates childbirth and delivery. Inducing (starting) labor can be accomplished with pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical methods. In Western countries, it is estimated that one-quarter of pregnant women have their labor medically induced with drug treatment. Inductions are most often performed either with prostaglandin drug treatment alone, or with a combination of prostaglandin and intravenous oxytocin treatment. Medical uses Commonly accepted medical reasons for induction include: * Postterm pregnancy, i.e. if the pregnancy has gone past the end of the 42nd week. * Intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR). * There are health risks to the woman in continuing the pregnancy (e.g. she has pre-eclampsia). * Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM); this is when the membranes have ruptured, but labor does not start within a specific amount of time. * Premature termination of the pregnancy (abortion). * Fetal death in utero and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strong Induction
Mathematical induction is a method for proving that a statement ''P''(''n'') is true for every natural number ''n'', that is, that the infinitely many cases ''P''(0), ''P''(1), ''P''(2), ''P''(3), ... all hold. Informal metaphors help to explain this technique, such as falling dominoes or climbing a ladder: A proof by induction consists of two cases. The first, the base case, proves the statement for ''n'' = 0 without assuming any knowledge of other cases. The second case, the induction step, proves that ''if'' the statement holds for any given case ''n'' = ''k'', ''then'' it must also hold for the next case ''n'' = ''k'' + 1. These two steps establish that the statement holds for every natural number ''n''. The base case does not necessarily begin with ''n'' = 0, but often with ''n'' = 1, and possibly with any fixed natural number ''n'' = ''N'', establishing the truth of the statement for all natu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypnotic Induction
Hypnotic induction is the process undertaken by a hypnotist to establish the state or conditions required for hypnosis to occur. Self-hypnosis is also possible, in which a subject listens to a recorded induction or plays the roles of both hypnotist and subject. Traditional techniques James Braid in the nineteenth century saw fixing the eyes on a bright object as the key to hypnotic induction. A century later Freud saw fixing the eyes, or listening to a monotonous sound as ''indirect'' methods of induction, as opposed to “the direct methods of influence by way of staring or stroking”—all leading however to the same result, the subject's unconscious concentration on the hypnotist. The swinging watch and intense eye gaze -- staples of hypnotic induction in film and television -- are not used in practice as the rapidly changing movements, and the obvious cliché of their application, would be distracting rather than focusing. Debates Hypnotic induction may be defined as wha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collective Induction
Collective induction is a task developed by Steiner and used in research on group problem solving. Broadly, the method entails "the cooperative search for descriptive, predictive, and explanatory generalizations, rules, and principles" among members in a group working on the same task. James Larson further defined collective induction tasks as "[tasks] in which problem solvers work cooperatively to induce a general rule or principle that can account parsimoniously for a given set of facts or observations" This particular process has been used to determine if groups are better problem solvers than individuals. Rule induction tasks The most frequently used collective induction task is a task that requires participants to discern the pattern that a particular series of playing cards are laid in. The task experimenter first generates a rule about how cards should be laid. The rule may be determined based on any facet of the cards. For example, the pattern could be two red c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inductive Reasoning Aptitude
Inductive reasoning aptitude (also called differentiation or inductive learning ability) measures how well a person can identify a pattern within a large amount of data. It involves applying the rules of logic when inferring general principles from a constellation of particulars. Measurement is generally done in a timed test by showing four pictures or words and asking the test taker to identify which of the pictures or words does not belong in the set. The test taker is shown a large number of sets of various degrees of difficulty. The measurement is made by timing how many of these a person can properly identify in a set period of time. The test resembles the game 'Which of These Is Not Like the Others'. Inductive reasoning is very useful for scientists, auto mechanics, system integrators, lawyers, network engineers, medical doctors, system administrators and members of all fields where substantial diagnostic or data interpretation work is needed. Inductive reasoning aptitude ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Induction (teachers)
Induction is the support and guidance provided to novice teachers and school administrators in the early stages of their careers. Induction encompasses orientation to the workplace, socialization, mentoring, and guidance through beginning teacher practice. England and Wales Induction is used to refer to a period during which a Newly Qualified Teacher in England or Wales is both supported and assessed to ensure that regulatory standards are met. Although probation periods for new teachers had only been dropped in 1992, the Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998 introduced arrangements by which the Secretary of State for Education could bring about regulations requiring new teachers to serve a period of induction. The following year, the then secretary of state, David Blunkett introduced an induction period under The Education (Induction Arrangements for School Teachers) (England) Regulations 1999. These regulations made it a requirement that all teachers complete an induction peri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Induction (play)
An induction in a play is an explanatory scene, summary or other text that stands outside or apart from the main play with the intent to comment on it, moralize about it or in the case of dumb show—to summarize the plot or underscore what is afoot. Typically, an induction precedes the main text of a play. Inductions are a common feature of plays written and performed in the Renaissance period, including those of Shakespeare. While Shakespeare plays do not typically have inductions, they are sometimes depicted as part of the device of the play within the play. Examples include the dumb show in ''Hamlet'' and the address to the audience by Puck in ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. Another example, in ''The Spanish Tragedy'' by Thomas Kyd, is the introduction to that play by the ghost of Andrea who preps the audience by laying out the story to come. Likewise, Shakespeare's ''The Taming of the Shrew'' opens with induction scenes which involve characters watching the play proper. See als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Induction
In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated. Operating principle Overview Forced induction is often used to increase the power output of an engine. This is achieved by compressing the intake air, to increase the mass of the air-fuel mixture present within the combustion chamber. A naturally aspirated engine is limited to a maximum intake air pressure equal to its surrounding atmosphere; however a forced induction engine produces "boost", whereby the air pressure is higher than the surrounding atmosphere. Since the density of air increases with pressure, this allows a greater mass of air to enter the combustion chamber. Theoretically, the vapour power cycle analysis of the second law of thermodynamics would suggest that increasing the mean effective pressure within the combustion chamber would also increase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrostatic Induction
Electrostatic induction, also known as "electrostatic influence" or simply "influence" in Europe and Latin America, is a redistribution of electric charge in an object that is caused by the influence of nearby charges. In the presence of a charged body, an insulated conductor develops a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other end. Induction was discovered by British scientist John Canton in 1753 and Swedish professor Johan Carl Wilcke in 1762. Electrostatic generators, such as the Wimshurst machine, the Van de Graaff generator and the electrophorus, use this principle. See also Stephen Gray in this context. Due to induction, the electrostatic potential (voltage) is constant at any point throughout a conductor. Electrostatic induction is also responsible for the attraction of light nonconductive objects, such as balloons, paper or styrofoam scraps, to static electric charges. Electrostatic induction laws apply in dynamic situations as far as the quasistat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force (emf) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field. Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of induction. Lenz's law describes the direction of the induced field. Faraday's law was later generalized to become the Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism. Electromagnetic induction has found many applications, including electrical components such as inductors and transformers, and devices such as electric motors and generators. History Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday, published in 1831. It was discovered independently by Joseph Henry in 1832. In Faraday's first experimental demonstration (August 29, 1831), he wrapped two wires around opposite sides of an iron ring or "torus" (an arrangement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which a general principle is derived from a body of observations. It consists of making broad generalizations based on specific observations. Inductive reasoning is distinct from ''deductive'' reasoning. If the premises are correct, the conclusion of a deductive argument is ''certain''; in contrast, the truth of the conclusion of an inductive argument is '' probable'', based upon the evidence given. Types The types of inductive reasoning include generalization, prediction, statistical syllogism, argument from analogy, and causal inference. Inductive generalization A generalization (more accurately, an ''inductive generalization'') proceeds from a premise about a sample to a conclusion about the population. The observation obtained from this sample is projected onto the broader population. : The proportion Q of the sample has attribute A. : Therefore, the proportion Q of the population has attribute A. For example, say there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parabolic Induction
In mathematics, parabolic induction is a method of constructing representations of a reductive group from representations of its parabolic subgroups. If ''G'' is a reductive algebraic group and P=MAN is the Langlands decomposition of a parabolic subgroup ''P'', then parabolic induction consists of taking a representation of MA, extending it to ''P'' by letting ''N'' act trivially, and inducing the result from ''P'' to ''G''. There are some generalizations of parabolic induction using cohomology, such as cohomological parabolic induction and Deligne–Lusztig theory. Philosophy of cusp forms The ''philosophy of cusp forms'' was a slogan of Harish-Chandra, expressing his idea of a kind of reverse engineering of automorphic form theory, from the point of view of representation theory. The discrete group Γ fundamental to the classical theory disappears, superficially. What remains is the basic idea that representations in general are to be constructed by parabolic induction o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Forced Induction")
.svg "Click for more on -> Inductive Reasoning")