'' Idiops crassus'' and its trapdoor nest entrance ''Idiops'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of armored trapdoor spiders that was first described by Josef Anton Maximilian Perty in 1833. It is the type genus of the spurred trapdoor spiders,

Idiopidae Idiopidae, also known as armored trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889. They have a large body similar to tarantulas. Description In some species the males have a spur on their legs, which ...

. ''Idiops'' is also the most species-rich genus of the family, and is found at widely separated locations in the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat ...

, Afrotropics,

Indomalaya The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia. Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indi ...

and the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...

. Females live in tubular burrows lined with a thick layer of white silk. These typically have a D-shaped lid that fits into the entrance like a cork, and some burrows have two entrances. The lid may consist of mud, moss or lichen, which is bound below by a thick layer of silk. As in all genera of this family, the anterior lateral eyes (ALE) are situated near the clypeal margin, far in front of the remaining six eyes, which are arranged in a tight group. The males which are smaller in size, wander about or occasionally live in burrows. Like other mygalomorphs, they are relatively large and long-lived. Forest clearance and agricultural practices that loosen the soil and enhance erosion, besides soil removal for brick making have been pointed out as serious threats to some Indian species. Species ranges are poorly known – in India for instance, most species are known only from their type localities.

Species

it contains ninety-three species and one subspecies found in South America, Africa, South Asia and the Middle East: *'' I. angusticeps'' ( Pocock, 1900) – West Africa *'' I. argus''

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1889 – Venezuela *'' I. arnoldi'' Hewitt, 1914 – South Africa *'' I. aussereri'' Simon, 1876 – Congo *'' I. bersebaensis''

Strand Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline * Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa * Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * Strand Street ...

, 1917 – Namibia *'' I. bombayensis'' Siliwal, Molur & Biswas, 2005 – India *'' I. bonapartei'' Hasselt, 1888 – Suriname *'' I. briodae'' (Schenkel, 1937) – Zimbabwe *'' I. cambridgei'' Ausserer, 1875 – Colombia *'' I. camelus'' ( Mello-Leitão, 1937) – Brazil *'' I. carajas'' Fonseca-Ferreira, Zampaulo & Guadanucci, 2017 – Brazil *'' I. castaneus'' Hewitt, 1913 – South Africa *'' I. clarus'' (Mello-Leitão, 1946) – Argentina, Uruguay *'' I. constructor'' (Pocock, 1900) – India *'' I. crassus'' Simon, 1884 – Myanmar *'' I. crudeni'' (Hewitt, 1914) – South Africa *'' I. curvicalcar'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. curvipes'' ( Thorell, 1899) – Cameroon *'' I. damarensis'' Hewitt, 1934 – Namibia *'' I. designatus''

O. Pickard-Cambridge Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider. Life and work Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...

, 1885 – India *'' I. fageli'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. flaveolus'' (Pocock, 1901) – South Africa *'' I. fortis'' (Pocock, 1900) – India *'' I. fossor'' (Pocock, 1900) – India *'' I. fryi'' (

Purcell Henry Purcell (, rare: September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer. Purcell's style of Baroque music was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Generally considered among the greatest En ...

, 1903) – South Africa *'' I. fulvipes'' Simon, 1889 – Venezuela *'' I. fuscus'' Perty, 1833 ( type) – Brazil *'' I. gerhardti'' Hewitt, 1913 – South Africa *'' I. germaini'' Simon, 1892 – Brazil *'' I. gracilipes'' (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa *'' I. grandis'' (Hewitt, 1915) – South Africa *'' I. gunningi'' Hewitt, 1913 – South Africa **'' Idiops g. elongatus'' Hewitt, 1915 – South Africa *'' I. hamiltoni'' (Pocock, 1902) – South Africa *'' I. harti'' (Pocock, 1893) – St. Vincent *'' I. hepburni'' (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa, Lesotho *'' I. hirsutipedis'' Mello-Leitão, 1941 – Argentina *'' I. hirsutus'' (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa *'' I. joida'' Gupta, Das & Siliwal, 2013 – India *'' I. kaasensis'' Mirza, Vaze & Sanap, 2012 – India *'' I. kanonganus'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. kaperonis'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. kazibius'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. kentanicus'' (Purcell, 1903) – South Africa *'' I. lacustris'' (Pocock, 1897) – Tanzania *'' I. lusingius'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. madrasensis'' ( Tikader, 1977) – India *'' I. mafae'' Lawrence, 1927 – Namibia *'' I. meadei'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870 – Uganda *'' I. melloleitaoi'' ( Caporiacco, 1949) – Kenya *'' I. mettupalayam'' Ganeshkumar & Siliwal, 2013 – India *'' I. microps'' (Hewitt, 1913) – South Africa *'' I. minguito'' Ferretti, 2017 – Argentina *'' I. monticola'' (Hewitt, 1916) – South Africa *'' I. monticoloides'' (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa *'' I. mossambicus'' (Hewitt, 1919) – Mozambique *'' I. munois'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. neglectus''

L. Koch Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicin ...

, 1875 – Unknown *'' I. nigropilosus'' (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa *'' I. ochreolus'' (Pocock, 1902) – South Africa *'' I. opifex'' (Simon, 1889) – French Guiana *'' I. oriya'' Siliwal, 2013 – India *'' I. palapyi'' Tucker, 1917 – Botswana *'' I. pallidipes'' Purcell, 1908 – Namibia *'' I. parvus'' Hewitt, 1915 – South Africa *'' I. petiti'' (Guérin, 1838) – Brazil *'' I. piluso'' Ferretti, Nime & Mattoni, 2017 – Argentina *'' I. pirassununguensis'' Fukami & Lucas, 2005 – Brazil *'' I. prescotti'' Schenkel, 1937 – Tanzania *'' I. pretoriae'' (Pocock, 1898) – South Africa *'' I. pulcher'' Hewitt, 1914 – South Africa *'' I. pulloides'' Hewitt, 1919 – South Africa *'' I. pullus'' Tucker, 1917 – South Africa *'' I. pungwensis'' Purcell, 1904 – South Africa *'' I. pylorus'' Schwendinger, 1991 – Thailand *'' I. rastratus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Brazil *'' I. robustus'' (Pocock, 1898) – East Africa *'' I. rohdei'' Karsch, 1886 – Paraguay *'' I. royi'' Roewer, 1961 – Senegal *'' I. rubrolimbatus'' Mirza & Sanap, 2012 – India *'' I. santaremius'' ( F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) – Brazil *'' I. schenkeli'' Lessert, 1938 – Congo *'' I. siolii'' (Bücherl, 1953) – Brazil *'' I. straeleni'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. striatipes'' Purcell, 1908 – Botswana *'' I. sylvestris'' (Hewitt, 1925) – South Africa *'' I. syriacus'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870 – Syria, Israel *'' I. thorelli'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870 – South Africa *'' I. tolengo'' Ferretti, 2017 – Argentina *'' I. upembensis'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. vandami'' (Hewitt, 1925) – South Africa *'' I. versicolor'' (Purcell, 1903) – South Africa *'' I. wittei'' Roewer, 1953 – Congo *'' I. yemenensis'' Simon, 1890 – Yemen

References

Idiopidae Mygalomorphae genera Spiders of Africa Spiders of Asia Spiders of South America Taxa named by Maximilian Perty {{Mygalomorphae-stub

Species

See also

References