|
B. K. Tikader
Benoy Krishna Tikader (1928–1994) was an Indian arachnologist and zoologist and a leading expert on Indian spiders in his time. He worked in the Zoological Survey of India and published the ''Handbook of Indian Spiders'' in 1987. The book describes 40 families and 1066 species of India, many of which were described by Tikader himself. The handbook is a guide to all arachnids including scorpions, and not just spiders. He was also a popular scientific author in his native language of Bengali, and was the author of ''Banglar Makorsha'' (literally: "Bengal's spiders") for the layman. Focus on eastern India Working in the Zoological Survey of India based in Kolkata, Tikader was especially interested in the spiders of eastern India and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many of his nomenclatures thus bear names of places in eastern India as part of their specific scientific name - like ''andamanensis'' (from the Andaman Islands), ''bengalensis'' (from the region of Bengal, and ''dha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khulna
Khulna ( bn, খুলনা, ) is the third-largest city in Bangladesh, after Dhaka and Chittagong. It is the administrative centre of Khulna District and Khulna Division. Khulna's economy is the third-largest in Bangladesh, contributing $53 billion in gross state product and $95 billion in purchasing power parity (PPP) in 2020. In the 2011 census, the city had a population of 663,342. Khulna is on the Rupsha and Bhairab Rivers. A centre of Bangladeshi industry, the city hosts many national companies. It is served by the Port of Mongla, Bangladesh's second-largest seaport. Khulna River Port is one of the country's oldest and busiest river ports. A colonial steamboat service, which includes the ''Tern'', ''Osrich'' and ''Lepcha'', operates on the river route to the city. Khulna is considered the gateway to the Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest and home of the Bengal tiger. It is north of the Mosque City of Bagerhat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. History Khulna w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balitoridae
The hillstream loaches or river loaches are a family, the Balitoridae, of small fish from South, Southeast and East Asia. The family includes about 202 species. They are sometimes sold as "lizardfish" or (in Germany) "flossensaugers". Many of the species are popular for aquaria, species in the genus ''Sewellia'' are most commonly sold in the aquaria trade. They have a number of similarities with the Cobitidae, their sibling family of "loaches", such as multiple barbels around the mouth. They should not be confused with the loricariids, which look similar but are a family of catfish. Most species are rheophilic, living in swift, clear and well-oxygenated streams. Several species of the family live in fast-flowing streams or torrents and have modified ventral fins used for clinging to rocks. The subfamily Nemacheilinae has recently been separated as a distinct family, Nemacheilidae (stone loaches) and several genera have been separated into the family Gastromyzontidae The Gast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olios
''Olios'' is the largest genus of huntsman spiders, containing 166 species. They are found throughout the world, with most species occurring in hot countries. The genus was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1837. Description They are small to large Sparassidae, that have eight eyes in two partially straight rows. For the smaller species of this genus, they are usually light brown to brown with darker areas. Most larger species are darker, and some members of this genus may also be green. They are nocturnal hunters. Habitat As this genus is widespread, they are found in a large variety of habitats, from savannahs to rainforest. They are mainly found in vegetation, and rarely houses. They are sometimes shipped alongside fruit, but this is not a common occurrence. Species it contains 166 species, according to the World Spider Catalogue: * '' Olios acolastus'' Thorell, 1890 — Sumatra * '' Olios acostae'' Schenkel, 1953 — Venezuela * '' Olios actaeon' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araneidae
Orb-weaver spiders are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields, and forests. The English word "orb" can mean "circular", hence the English name of the group. Araneids have eight similar eyes, hairy or spiny legs, and no stridulating organs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, including many well-known large or brightly colored garden spiders. With 3,108 species in 186 genera worldwide, the Araneidae comprise the third-largest family of spiders (behind the Salticidae and Linyphiidae). Araneid webs are constructed in a stereotypical fashion, where a framework of nonsticky silk is built up before the spider adds a final spiral of silk covered in sticky droplets. Orb webs are also produced by members of other spider families. The long-jawed orb weavers (Tetragnathidae) were formerly included in the Araneidae; they are closely related, being part of the superfamily Araneo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorizopes
''Chorizopes'' is a genus of Araneidae, orb-weaver spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1871. Though it belongs to the orb weaver family, these spiders move through leaf litter preying on other spiders rather than spinning webs. The original name was "Chorizoopes", but the :wikt:emendation, emendation ''Chorizopes'' by Tamerlan Thorell is now protected by usage. Species it contains twenty-six species, most from India and China, with several others found in locations ranging from Madagascar to Japan: *''Chorizopes albus'' Mi, Wang & Peng, 2016 – China *''Chorizopes anjanes'' Tikader, 1965 – India *''Chorizopes antongilensis'' Emerit, 1997 – Madagascar *''Chorizopes calciope'' (Simon, 1895) – India *''Chorizopes casictones'' Kallal & Hormiga, 2019 – Madagascar *''Chorizopes congener'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 – India *''Chorizopes dicavus'' Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China *''Chorizopes frontalis'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marpissa
''Marpissa'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1846. The name is derived from Marpissa, an ancient Greek village. Species it contains fifty-one species, found in South America, Asia, Europe, the United States, Cameroon, on the Polynesian Islands, and the Greater Antilles: *'' M. agricola'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1894) – Brazil *'' M. armifera'' Urquhart, 1892 – New Zealand *'' M. balcanica'' (Kratochvíl, 1932) – Croatia *'' M. bina'' ( Hentz, 1846) – USA *'' M. bryantae'' (Jones, 1945) – USA *'' M. carinata'' Butt & Beg, 2000 – Pakistan *'' M. dayapurensis'' Majumder, 2004 – India *'' M. decorata'' Tikader, 1974 – India *'' M. dentoides'' Barnes, 1958 – USA *'' M. endenae'' Biswas & Biswas, 1992 – India *'' M. formosa'' (Banks, 1892) – USA *'' M. fornicis'' (Dyal, 1935) – Pakistan *'' M. gangasagarensis'' Majumder, 2005 – India *'' M. grata'' ( Gertsch, 1936) – USA *'' M. hieroglyphica'' Taczanowski, 1878 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimetidae
Pirate spiders, members of the family Mimetidae, are araneomorph spiders which typically feed on other spiders. The family Mimetidae contains roughly 200 species divided among 12 genera, of which '' Mimetus'' and ''Ero'' are the most common. Mimetids are usually yellow and brown and are usually long. Mimetids can be recognized by the rows of spine-like hairs on their long front legs; the rows consist of a long spine, followed by a series of progressively shorter ones. Mimetidae usually hunt by picking at the strands on their prey's web to simulate the movements of either a trapped insect or a potential mate. When their prey comes to investigate, they are instead captured and eaten. Some mimetids have been observed to feed on insects as well. The spider-feeding habit presents problems in mating, and little is known about how the males court females to avoid being eaten. However, some male mimetids in the genus ''Gelanor'', found in South America, have enormously long appendag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimetus
''Mimetus'' is a genus of pirate spiders in the family Mimetidae. They are found worldwide. Description Members of this genus resemble the comb-footed spiders, Theridiidae, due to their globular abdomen. The upper side of this bears curved bristle-like hairs. A distinguishing mark of the genus is that the distance between the anterior edge of the carapace and the anterior medial eyes is about one-third to one-half of the distance between the anterior and posterior medial eyes. The length of the anterior legs is about 1.5-1.7 times that of the posterior pair. Behaviour Spiders in this genus are specialised spider killers. They spin no web but are slow moving, stalking or ambushing their prey. They sometimes invade the web of their potential victim, vibrating the silk to mislead the owner. An individual will attack a potential victim by biting one of its legs and injecting toxins. It then retreats and the prey spider quickly becomes paralysed. The attacker then advances and starts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopoides
''Scopoides'' is a genus of Gnaphosidae, ground spiders that was first described by Norman I. Platnick in 1989. Species it contains fifteen species: *''Scopoides asceticus'' (Chamberlin, 1924) – Mexico *''Scopoides bryantae'' (Platnick & Shadab, 1976) – USA, Mexico *''Scopoides cambridgei'' (Willis J. Gertsch, Gertsch & Davis, 1940) – USA, Mexico *''Scopoides catharius'' (Chamberlin, 1922) (Type species, type) – USA *''Scopoides gertschi'' (Platnick, 1978) – USA *''Scopoides gyirongensis'' Hu, 2001 – China *''Scopoides kastoni'' (Platnick & Shadab, 1976) – USA, Mexico *''Scopoides naturalisticus'' (Chamberlin, 1924) – USA, Mexico *''Scopoides nesiotes'' (Chamberlin, 1924) – USA, Mexico *''Scopoides ochraceus'' (Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) – Mexico *''Scopoides rostratus'' (Platnick & Shadab, 1976) – Mexico *''Scopoides santiago'' (Platnick & Shadab, 1976) – Mexico *''Scopoides tlacolula'' (Platnick & Shadab, 1976) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poecilochroa
''Poecilochroa'' is a genus of Gnaphosidae, ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1874. Description As Gnaphosidae, ''Poecilochroa'' have large cylindrical Spinneret, spinnerets. They are Nocturnality, nocturnal, spending the day in silken retreats and going out at night to hunt. ''Poecilochroa'' are divided into two gnaphosid groups based on their abdomen colouration: those with plain abdomens are in the ''Echemus'' group, while those with black and white abdomen are in the ''Herpyllus'' group. Males of both groups have well-developed dorsal scuta. Habitat ''Poecilochroa'' occur in various habitats including on and under stones and dead leaves, on vegetation, in Steppe, steppes, Grassland, grasslands, dry fields, Stream bed, stream beds and Forest floor, forest floors. Species it contains thirty-nine species and one subspecies: *''Poecilochroa albomaculata'' (Lucas, 1846) – Western Mediterranean *''Poecilochroa alcala'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drassodes
''Drassodes'' is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1851. They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally long, but can reach up to in length. Species it contains 162 species: *'' D. adisensis'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia *'' D. affinis'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile *'' D. afghanus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *'' D. albicans'' (Simon, 1878) – Mediterranean *'' D. andamanensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.) *'' D. andorranus'' Denis, 1938 – Andorra *'' D. angulus'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – USA *'' D. arapensis'' Strand, 1908 – Peru *'' D. archibensis'' Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus) *'' D. assimilatus'' ( Blackwall, 1865) – Canary Is., Cape Verde Is. *'' D. astrologus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India *'' D. auriculoides'' Barrows, 1919 – USA *'' D. auritus'' Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, China *'' D. bechuanicus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Olios")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Mimetidae")