Hodgson is a surname. In

Britain Britain most often refers to: * The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands * Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...

, the Hodgson surname was the 173rd most common (766 per million) in 1881 and the 206th most common (650 per million) in 1998. In the

United States of America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territor ...

, Hodgson was the 3753rd most popular surname (30 per million) in the 1990 census.

Origin and meaning

Hodgson is a patronymic surname, thought by some to mean "son of Hodge", with Hodge being a Middle English personal name usually representing a pet-form of the name Roger. However, Geoffrey Hodgson shows that both distribution of the name and DNA suggest a Norse-Irish origin, making “son of Oddgeir” a more likely derivation.

Variants

The

Hodson Hodson is an English patronymic surname meaning 'son of Hodge'. Notable people with the surname include: *Alexander Carlton Hodson (1906–1996), American entomologist *Arnold Weinholt Hodson, British colonial administrator *Ashley Hodson, English ...

surname is less common and generally derives from Hodgson. Other probable variants of Hodgson include Hodgeson, Hodgshon, Hodshon, Hodgin, Hodgins, Hodgen, Hodgens, Hodghson, Hodgon and Hodgeon. In the North of England the "s" is often silent in the pronunciation of Hodgson. This accounts for variants such as Hodgin, Hodgen, Hodgon and Hodgeon.

Coat of arms

The Hodgsons of

Hebburn Hebburn is a town in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It governed under the borough of South Tyneside; formerly governed under the county of Durham until 1974 with its own urban district from 1894 until 1974. It is on the sou ...

, a mine-owning Catholic family living in the North East of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Surtees 1820, vol. 2, pp. 77, 319, James 1974, Hodgson 2008), bore a heraldic coat of arms,

blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The visua ...

ed as "per chevron, embattled or and azure, three martlets counterchanged". This same coat of arms is associated with several other Hodgson families, including the Hodgsons of West Keal in Lincolnshire, the Hodgsons of Bascodyke in Cumberland (Hodgson 1925), the Hodshons of

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

, and with Thomas Hodgson (1738–1817) a

Liverpool Liverpool is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the List of English districts by population, 10th largest English district by population and its E ...

merchant and slave trader, and the owner of a mill in Caton, Lancashire (Hodgson 2008).

Border Reivers and Hodgson clans

For centuries before

James VI James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambiguat ...

's assentation to the throne of England (

Union of the Crowns The Union of the Crowns ( gd, Aonadh nan Crùintean; sco, Union o the Crouns) was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of the Kingdom of England as James I and the practical unification of some functions (such as overseas dipl ...

), the remote Anglo-Scottish borderland region had been the lair of unruly clans and gangs of robbers that were largely beyond the reach of the law. A peculiar form of clan organisation grew up in this area. This was the land of the

Border Reivers Border reivers were raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century. They included both Scottish and English people, and they raided the entire border country without regard to their v ...

. These clans had a legal system distinct from that of the majority of England and Scotland (Robb 2018). The suppression of this legal system led to a generalised breakdown of

Reiver Border reivers were raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century. They included both Scottish and English people, and they raided the entire border country without regard to their v ...

society (Robb 2018). They would steal goods, cattle and women from across the nominal border. Some Hodgsons in Cumberland were themselves a clan organisation (Fraser 1971). The border clans were eventually subjection by state authorities. Many were forced or obliged to emigrate to North America in the 18th century (Fischer 1989). Many Hodgsons emigrated in this period.

People with the surname

* Alex Hodgson, Scottish singer/songwriter * Andrew Hodgson (disambiguation) *

Arthur Hodgson __NOTOC__ Sir Arthur Hodgson KCMG (29 June 1818 – 24 December 1902) was an Australian pioneer and politician. Early life Hodgson was born in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, England; the second son of the Rev. Edward Hodgson and his third wife ...

(1818–1902), Australian pioneer and politician *

Brett Hodgson Brett Hodgson (born 12 February 1978) is an Australian rugby league coach and former professional player during the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. A New South Wales State of Origin representative goal-kicking , he played his club football in the NRL ...

, Australian professional rugby league player *

Brian Hodgson Brian Hodgson (born 1938) is a British television composer and sound technician. Born in Liverpool in 1938, Hodgson joined the BBC Radiophonic Workshop in 1962 where he became the original sound effects creator for the science fiction program ...

, British television composer and sound technician *

Brian Houghton Hodgson Brian Houghton Hodgson (1 February 1800 or more likely 1801 – 23 May 1894) was a pioneer naturalist and ethnologist working in India and Nepal where he was a British Resident. He described numerous species of birds and mammals from the Hi ...

(1800–1894), British naturalist * Bryan Hodgson, American college basketball coach *

Caroline Hodgson Caroline Hodgson (1851 – 11 July 1908), also known as Madame Brussels, was a well-known brothel proprietor and local identity of the Little Lon district in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, during the late 19th century. Life Hodgson was born i ...

(1851–1908), Australian brothel proprietor *

Charles Hodgson (artist) Charles Hodgson (c.1770–1856) was an amateur English landscape painter who was one of the founding members member of the Norwich School of painters. His son was David Hodgson, a notable artist in his own right. Life Charles Hodgson was born ...

(c. 1770 – 1856), amateur English landscape painter * Christopher Hodgson (disambiguation) *

Claire Merritt Hodgson Claire Merritt Hodgson Ruth, born Clara Mae Merritt (September 11, 1900 – October 25, 1976), was a native of Athens, Georgia, United States, who is most famous for having been the second wife of Babe Ruth. Biography Claire's first husband, ...

(1897–1976), second wife of Babe Ruth *

Cody Hodgson Cody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selecte ...

(born 1990), Canadian professional ice hockey player * David Hodgson (disambiguation) * Derek Hodgson (disambiguation) * Edward Hodgson (1813–1882), British clergyman and cricketer * Edward Smith Hodgson (1866–1937), Scottish artist, etcher, and illustrator of magazines and of juvenile fiction *

Frances Hodgson Burnett Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett (24 November 1849 – 29 October 1924) was a British-American novelist and playwright. She is best known for the three children's novels ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' (published in 1885–1886), ''A Little P ...

, born Frances Eliza Hodgson (1849–1924), English–American playwright and author *

Francis Roger Hodgson Francis Roger Hodgson (1853 – 4 April 1920) was a British Anglican missionary and Bible translator in Zanzibar, and later a parish priest in Devon, England. Early life He was born on 21 October 1853 in Southport, the eldest son of the Rev. Rich ...

(1853–1920), British clergyman and Bible translator *

Frederick Hodgson (disambiguation) Frederick Hodgson may refer to: * Frederick Mitchell Hodgson (1851–1928), British colonial administrator * Frederick Hodgson (politician) Frederick Hodgson(1795–1854) was an English politician who represented Barnstaple (UK Parliament consti ...

Geoffrey Hodgson Geoffrey Martin Hodgson (born 28 July 1946, Watford) is Emeritus Professor in Management at the London campus of Loughborough University, and also the editor-in-chief of the ''Journal of Institutional Economics.'' Hodgson is recognised as one ...

(born 1946), economist *

George Hodgson (disambiguation) George Hodgson (1893–1983) was a Canadian swimmer. George Hodgson may also refer to: * George Hodgson ( 1751), English brewer, see India pale ale * George Hodgson (cricketer) (1839–1917), English cricketer * George Hodgson (Royal Navy officer) ...

Henrietta Mildred Hodgson Henrietta Mildred Hodgson (6 January 1805 – 19 November 1891) was an English lady with both British royal and American presidential genealogical connections. Life and family Born on 6 January 1805 in London Henrietta Mildred was the daughte ...

(1805–1891), great-great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth II *

Henry Hodgson (disambiguation) Henry Hodgson may refer to: *Henry Hodgson (bishop) (1856–1921), Bishop of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich in the Church of England *Henry Hodgson (British Army officer) (1868–1930), British Army general *Henry Oswald Hodgson Henry Oswald Hodgson ...

* Herbert John Hodgson (1893–1974), soldier and printer of ''The Seven Pillars of Wisdom'' * Isaac Hodgson (architect) (born 1826), Irish-US architect *

James Hodgson (disambiguation) James Hodgson may refer to: *James Day Hodgson (1915–2012), American politician *James Hodgson (cricketer, born 1972), English cricketer *James Hodgson (cricketer, born 1969), headmaster of Bedford School and English cricketer *James Hodgson (mat ...

* Jane Elizabeth Hodgson (1915–2006), American obstetrician and gynecologist *

Joel Hodgson Joel Hodgson (born February 20, 1960) is an American writer, comedian and television actor. He is best known for creating ''Mystery Science Theater 3000'' (''MST3K'') and starring in it as the character Joel Robinson. In 2007, ''MST3K'' was list ...

(born 1960), creator and former host of Mystery Science Theater 3000 *

John Hodgson (disambiguation) John Hodgson may refer to: * John Hodgson (British Army officer) (1757–1846), British general * John Hodgson (Australian politician) (1799–1860), Australian politician and mayor of Melbourne * John Hodgson (antiquary) (1779–1845), English cle ...

Joseph Hodgson Joseph Hodgson (1788–1869) was a British physician and a well-known Quaker. He was born in Penrith, Cumberland, the son of a Birmingham merchant and educated at King Edward VI School, Birmingham, after which he was apprenticed to George ...

(1788–1869), British physician *

Jules Hodgson Jules Hodgson, also credited as Joolz or J. Hogstorm, is an English musician, record producer and former member of KMFDM and The Spittin' Cobras (along with KMFDM bandmate Andy Selway). He is a former member of PIG and Lodestar. In 2006, Hodgs ...

, English guitarist *

Julian Hodgson Julian Michael "Jules" Hodgson (born 25 July 1963 in London) is a British chess player, grandmaster, and former British chess champion. Biography He first came to the notice of the chess world for his achievements as a junior, whilst at Ha ...

(born 1963), English chess grandmaster *

Ken Hodgson Kenneth Hodgson (19 January 1942 – 23 October 2007), born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, was an English professional footballer who played as a forward. He played for his hometown team Newcastle United, who developed him in their junior a ...

(1942–2007), English footballer from Newcastle. *

Laurence C. Hodgson Laurence Curran Hodgson (November 6, 1874 – March 24, 1937) was an American newspaper journalist, poet, and politician from Saint Paul, Minnesota. Biography Hodgson was a newspaper reporter and columnist, writing at different times for the '' ...

(1874–1937), US newspaper writer and politician *

Leonard Hodgson Leonard Hodgson (24 October 1889 in Fulham, London – 15 July 1969 in Leamington Spa) was an Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, historian of the early Church and Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford from 1944 to 1958 ...

(1889–1969), Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian *

Leyland Hodgson Leyland Hodgson (5 October 1892 – 16 March 1949), also known as Leland Hodgson, was an English-born American character actor of the 1930s and 1940s. Born in London on 5 October 1892, Hodgson entered the theater in 1898. In his early 20s, Ho ...

1892–1949), American actor *

Lucy Hodgson Lucy Hodgson (born 1940 in Damariscotta, Maine) is an American sculptor and printmaker based in the New England and New York City. For years, her work celebrated the emotive power of land and seascapes. More recently it focused on her anger an ...

, American sculptor and printmaker *

Marshall Hodgson Marshall Goodwin Simms Hodgson (April 11, 1922 – June 10, 1968), was an Islamic studies academic and a world historian at the University of Chicago. He was chairman of the interdisciplinary Committee on Social Thought in Chicago. Works Though ...

(1922–1968), American Islamic scholar * Martin Hodgson (1909–1991), English rugby league forward and goalkicker *

Matthew Hodgson (disambiguation) Matthew Hodgson or Matt Hodgson may refer to: * Matt Hodgson (born 1981), Australian professional rugby union player * Matt Hodgson (basketball) Matthew John Hodgson (born 2 August 1991) is an Australian professional basketball player. He playe ...

* Miriam Hodgson (1938–2005), British editor of children's books *

Nick Hodgson Nicholas James David Hodgson (born 20 October 1977) is an English drummer, backing vocalist, and songwriter, formerly of the indie rock band Kaiser Chiefs. Early life He attended St. Mary's Menston with Nick Baines and Simon Rix. He then wen ...

(born 1977), English drummer and musician * Patricia Hodgson, Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge *

Paul Hodgson (disambiguation) Paul Hodgson may refer to: * Paul Hodgson (rugby union) (born 1982), English rugby union player and coach * Paul Hodgson (baseball) (born 1960), Canadian-born Major League Baseball outfielder * Paul Hodgson (Australian footballer) Paul Ho ...

Peter Hodgson (disambiguation) Peter Hodgson may refer to: *Peter E. Hodgson (1928–2008), British physicist * Pete Hodgson (born 1950), New Zealand politician *Peter Hodgson, bass player for Jon and Lee & the Checkmates and Rhinoceros *Sneezy Waters Sneezy Waters (born Pete ...

Ralph Hodgson Ralph Hodgson (9 September 1871 – 3 November 1962), Order of the Rising Sun (Japanese 旭日章), was an English poet, very popular in his lifetime on the strength of a small number of anthology pieces, such as ''The Bull''. He was one of t ...

(1871–1962), English poet * Randolph Hodgson (1870–1952), English clergyman and writer under the pen-name "A Country Vicar" *

Richard Hodgson (disambiguation) Richard Hodgson (born 1979) is an English footballer. Richard Hodgson may also refer to: * Richard Hodgson (publisher) (1804–1872), publisher and amateur astronomer * Rick Hodgson (born 1956), ice hockey player * Richard Hodgson (parapsycholog ...

Robert Hodgson (disambiguation) Robert Hodgson may refer to: * Robert Willard Hodgson (1893–1966), American botanist, taxonomist and agricultural researcher, specifically a citrus expert *Sir Robert Hodgson (judge) (1798–1880), Canadian lawyer, politician, judge, and lieuten ...

Robert Willard Hodgson Robert Willard Hodgson (1893–1966) was an American botanist, taxonomist and agricultural researcher located in the California State, an exceptional citrus and avocado expert. He was a co-author of The Citrus Industry book,

(1893–1966), an American botanist *

Robert MacLeod Hodgson Sir Robert MacLeod Hodgson, (25 February 1874 – 18 October 1956) was a British diplomat and consul. Hodgson was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, the son of the Reverend Robert Hodgson, founder of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. He wa ...

(1874–1956), British diplomat * Robin Hodgson, Baron Hodgson of Astley Abbotts (born 1942), British politician *

Roger Hodgson Charles Roger Pomfret Hodgson (born 21 March 1950) is an English musician, singer and songwriter, best known as the former co- frontman and founding member of progressive rock band Supertramp. Hodgson composed and sang the majority of the band� ...

(born 1950), English singer/songwriter * Shadworth Hodgson (1832–1912), English philosopher *

Sharon Hodgson Sharon Hodgson (born 1 April 1966) is a British Labour Party politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Washington and Sunderland West, previously Gateshead East and Washington West, since 2005. Hodgson was appointed as the Parl ...

(born 1966), British politician *

Sharyn Hodgson Sharyn Hodgson (born 25 August 1968) is an Australian former actress, best known as an original character in TV serial ''Home and Away'' playing troubled teenager Carly Morris (later Luccini), she has subsequently returned to the role guest app ...

(born 1968), Australian actress who appeared in ''Home and Away'' *

Stuart Milton Hodgson Stuart Milton Hodgson, sometimes known as Stu, OC (April 1, 1924 – December 18, 2015) was the commissioner of the Northwest Territories (NWT) from March 2, 1967 until April 6, 1979. The first Commissioner to actually reside in the Northwest Ter ...

(born 1924), Canadian commissioner * Studholme Hodgson (1708–1798), British field marshal *

Sydney Hodgson Sydney Hodgson (died 10 December 1591) was an English Roman Catholic lawyer. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929. Life He was a Catholic convert. In 1591, while Father Edmund Gennings was saying Mass at the house of Swithin Wells in London ...

(died 1591), English Roman Catholic lawyer and martyr * Telfair Hodgson (1840–1893), American Episcopal priest and academic administrator *

Telfair Hodgson Jr. Telfair Hodgson Jr., also known as Telfair Hodgson, (September 14, 1876 – September 16, 1952) was an American businessman and academic administrator. He was the treasurer of Sewanee: The University of the South from 1908 to 1949. He was also th ...

(1876–1952), American academic administrator, banker, developer *

Thomas Hodgson (disambiguation) Thomas Hodgson may refer to: * Tom Hodgson (1924–2006), Canadian sprint canoer and artist * Thomas Hodgson (priest) (1854–1921), priest of the Church of England * Thomas M. Hodgson, American law enforcement agent and politician * Thomas Vere H ...

Walter Joseph Hodgson Walter may refer to: People * Walter (name), both a surname and a given name * Little Walter, American blues harmonica player Marion Walter Jacobs (1930–1968) * Gunther (wrestler), Austrian professional wrestler and trainer Walter Hahn (born 1 ...

(1924-1978) (Lt.Col, USAF, Retired) American Helicopter Test Pilot, one of only three men to fly the

Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar The Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar was a VTOL aircraft developed by Avro Canada as part of a secret U.S. military project carried out in the early years of the Cold War. The Avrocar intended to exploit the Coandă effect to provide lift and thrust ...

, and the only two-time recipient of the Frederick L. Feinberg Memorial Award (1960, 1979) * W. N. Hodgson (1893–1916), First World War poet who published under the pen name Edward Melbourne *

Wil Hodgson Wil Hodgson (born 1978) is a non-binary English comedian. They have lived in Chippenham their whole life and began performing comedy in 2003. Prior to this, they had worked part-time as a lecturer at Wiltshire College and had a stint training to ...

(born 1978), English stand-up comedian *

William Hodgson (disambiguation) William Hodgson may refer to: * William Hodgson (Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge) (died 1847), British academic * William Hodgson (Australian politician) (1814–1891), Tasmanian politician * William Hodgson (Canadian politician) (1912–1988) * Wi ...

;Sportspeople: * Arthur Hodgson (footballer) (born 1926), Australian rules footballer *

Aub Hodgson Aubrey John Hodgson (9 March 1912 – 1982) was an Australian rugby union forward and represented the Wallabies 11 times.''Australian Rugby – The Game and the Players'' (Jack Pollard Syd, 1994) pp 227: Hodgson, Aubrey John (1912–1982) Rugby ...

(1912–1982), Australian rugby union player *

Billy Hodgson William Hodgson (9 July 1935 – 2022) was a Scottish footballer who played as a winger or inside forward. Career Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Hodgson started his career with Dunoon Athletic before joining St Johnstone in 1954. He had a ...

(born 1935), Scottish footballer *

(born 1978), Australian rugby league player *

Charlie Hodgson Charles Christopher Hodgson (born 12 November 1980) is a retired English rugby union player, having previously been a player for Sale Sharks and Saracens. His position was fly-half and he is the leading Premiership points scorer of all time. ...

(born 1980), rugby union player *

(born 1990), Canadian ice hockey player *

Dan Hodgson Daniel W. "Hodge" Hodgson (born August 29, 1965) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player of Cree heritage who played 114 National Hockey League games for the Toronto Maple Leafs and Vancouver Canucks. He won the Memorial Cup The ...

(born 1965), Canadian ice hockey player *

Dan Hodgson (cricketer) Daniel Mark Hodgson also known as Dodge Viper, (born 26 February 1990) is an English first-class cricketer. A wicket-keeper and right-handed batsman, Hodgson played for Yorkshire County Cricket Club. Hodgson played for the Yorkshire Second ...

(born 1990), English cricketer *

Geoffrey Hodgson (cricketer) Geoffrey Hodgson (24 July 1938, Lepton, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England) is an English first-class cricketer. A specialist wicket-keeper, he played two first-class matches. Unusually one was for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1964 (aga ...

(born 1938), English cricketer * Gordon Hodgson (1904–1951), South African-born English footballer, cricketer and baseball player *

Gordon Hodgson (footballer) Gordon Hodgson (13 October 1952 – April 1999) was an English footballer. A central midfielder, Hodgson began his career at his hometown club Newcastle United but found his chances limited. He moved to Mansfield Town in 1974 became a central ...

(1952–1999), English footballer *

Isaac Hodgson Isaac Hodgson (15 November 1828 – 24 November 1867) was an English first-class cricketer, active 1847–66, who played for Sheffield and Yorkshire. He also appeared for the North of England (1861-1864), Yorkshire with Stockton-on-Tees ...

(1828–1867), English cricketer *

Joe Hodgson Joseph Hodgson (fl. 1933–1939) was an English footballer who made 183 appearances in the Football League playing as a left half for Darlington Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. The River ...

(born 1988), 2012 British supermoto quad champion * Martin Hodgson, English rugby league footballer *

Michael Hodgson Michael Hodgson (born 5 November 1979) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the Australian National Rugby League, NRL. Hodgson primarily played as a forward and previo ...

(born 1979), Australian rugby league player *

Neil Hodgson Neil Stuart Hodgson (born 20 November 1973) is a British former motorcycle racer, who won the 2000 British Superbike Championship, and the 2003 Superbike World Championship titles. He then went on to have a moderately successful four years in t ...

, English motorcycle racer * Nick Hodgson (swimmer) (born 1964), British swimmer * Pat Hodgson (born 1944), US American football player *

Philip Hodgson Philip Hodgson (21 September 1935 – 30 March 2015) was an English first-class cricketer. Biography Hodgson was born in Todmorden, Yorkshire, and educated at Woodhouse Grammar School in London. He was six feet eight inches tall.'' Wisden'' ...

(born 1935), English cricketer * Rick Hodgson (born 1956), Canadian ice hockey player *

Robert Hodgson (cricketer) Robert William Hodgson (born 22 February 1973, in Launceston, Tasmania), is a former Australian cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a w ...

(born 1973), Australian cricketer *

Roy Hodgson Roy Hodgson (born 9 August 1947) is a former English football manager and player. He managed 22 different teams in eight countries, beginning in Sweden with Halmstads BK in the 1976 season. He later guided the Switzerland national team to ...

(born 1947), English football manager * Rusty Hodgson (born 1981), British motorcycle racer * Ted Hodgson (born 1945), Canadian ice hockey player * Tim Hodgson (born 1975), English cricketer ;Fictional characters: * Tom Hodgson, a character from '' Channel Zero'', portrayed by Brandon Scott Hodgson can also be a given name: *

Hodgson Pratt Hodgson Pratt (10 January 1824 – 26 February 1907) was an English pacifist who is credited with founding the International Arbitration and Peace Association in 1880. Early life Born at Bath, Somerset on 10 January 1824, he was the eldest of fiv ...

(1824–1907), English pacifist

References

Bibliography

* Fischer, David Hackett (1989) '' Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America'' (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press). * Fraser, George MacDonald (1971) ''The Steel Bonnets: The Story of the Anglo-Scottish Reivers'' (London: Barrie and Jenkins). ''Antiquarian and Archaeological Society'', New Series, 25, pp. 244–49. * Hanks, Patrick, Richard Coates and Peter McClure, eds. (2016) ''The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland'', volume 2 (Oxford: Oxford University Press) * Reaney, P. H. (1958) ''A Dictionary of English Surnames'', first edition (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul). * Robb, G. (2018). ''The Debatable Land: The Lost World Between Scotland and England'' (London: Picador) * Surtees, Robert (1820) ''History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham'', volume 2 (London: Nichols). {{surname English-language surnames Surnames of English origin Patronymic surnames