Haryana Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land a ...

is a state in India. The state houses several sites from the Indus Valley Civilization, which was a cradle of civilization. In

the Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the ''Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kuruk ...

, Haryana is mentioned as Bahudanayak Region. Haryana has been ruled by various non-native polities including the

Gupta Empire The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from the early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE. At its zenith, from approximately 319 to 467 CE, it covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is considered as the Gold ...

Pushyabhuti dynasty The Pushyabhuti dynasty (IAST: Puṣyabhūti), also known as the Vardhana dynasty ruled in northern India during 6th and 7th centuries. The dynasty reached its zenith under its last ruler Harsha Vardhana (c. 590–647 CE), and the Empire of Har ...

Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty The Gurjara-Pratihara was a dynasty that ruled much of Northern India from the mid-8th to the 11th century. They ruled first at Ujjain and later at Kannauj. The Gurjara-Pratiharas were instrumental in containing Arab armies moving east of the ...

Tomara Dynasty The Tomara dynasty (also called Tomar in modern vernaculars because of schwa deletion) dynasty ruled parts of present-day Delhi and Haryana in India during 8th-12th century. Their rule over this region is attested to by multiple inscriptions ...

, Chahamanas of Shakambhari,

Ghurid dynasty The Ghurid dynasty (also spelled Ghorids; fa, دودمان غوریان, translit=Dudmân-e Ğurīyân; self-designation: , ''Šansabānī'') was a Persianate dynasty and a clan of presumably eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from th ...

, Delhi Sultanate,

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

, Durrani Empire,

Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. Maratha rule formally began in 1674 with the coronation of Sh ...

, (George Thomas),

Gwalior State Gwalior state was a semi-autonomous Maratha state. It was centred in modern-day Madhya Pradesh, arising due to the rise of the Maratha Empire and fragmentation of the Mughal Empire. It was ruled by the Scindia, House of Scindia (anglicized fro ...

Company Rule in India Company rule in India (sometimes, Company ''Raj'', from hi, rāj, lit=rule) refers to the rule of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when ...

and

British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was him ...

. The Jats significantly ruled the Haryana region which was earlier

Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising a ...

. Some

Jat The Jat people ((), ()) are a traditionally agricultural community in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and su ...

states in Haryana state were

Jind Jind is one of the largest and oldest city in Jind district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is administrative headquarter of Jind district. Rani Talab is the main destination for tourists while Pandu-Pindara and Ramrai are the main reli ...

Kaithal Kaithal () is a city and municipal council in the Kaithal district of the Indian state of Haryana. Kaithal was previously a part of Karnal district and later, Kurukshetra district until 1 November 1989, when it became the headquarters of the K ...

, Hisar,

Ladwa Ladwa is a town and a municipal committee in Kurukshetra district in the Indian States and territories of India, state of Haryana. In 2007, Ladwa (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Ladwa legislative assembly constituency was created comprising 126,70 ...

, Ballabgarh, Kalsia and others. Jats in

Mughal period The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

were ruling under

Khap A Khap is a community organisation representing a clan or a group of North Indian castes or clans. They are found mostly in northern India, particularly among the Jat people of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, but also amongst other states like Raj ...

panchayat The Panchayat raj is a political system, originating from the Indian subcontinent, found mainly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It is the oldest system of local government in the Indian subcontinent, and historical men ...

heads. And in later medieval period , they were ruling under

Misls The Misls (derived from an Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal') were the twelve sovereign states of the Sikh Confederacy, which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and is cit ...

and

Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire was a state originating in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established an empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahor ...

. During Delhi Sultanate and

, Haryana was known as Delhi Subah. Many historically significant battles have been fought in it such as Battle of Tarain, Battle of Panipat, and

Battle of Karnal The Battle of Karnal (24 February 1739), was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, during his invasion of India. Nader's forces defeated the army of Muhammad Shah within three hours, paving the way fo ...

. After the

Mughals The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

, Haryana became

possession. After the

treaty of Surji-Anjangaon The Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon was signed on 30 December 1803 between the British and Daulat Rao Sindhia, chief of the Maratha Confederacy at Anjangaon town located in Maharashtra. On 30 December 1803, the Sindhia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anj ...

of 1803, Haryana was annexed by the British Empire and was later merged with North West Provinces. After

revolt of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against Company rule in India, the rule of the East India Company, British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the The Crown, British ...

, in April 1858 Haryana, then known as

Delhi Territory The Delhi Territory was an administrative region in British India which comprised present-day Delhi plus Bhiwani, Faridabad, Fatehabad, Gurgaon, Hisar, Jhajjar, Karnal, Nuh, Palwal, Panipat, Rewari, Rohtak, Sirsa, Sonipat and Yamunanaga ...

, was merged with Punjab Province as a punishment. During the

British Colonial period The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...

, from 1858 to 1947 it was administered as a part of the Punjab province. It became a separate administrative state of India in 1966.

Chandigarh Chandigarh () is a planned city in India. Chandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the west and the south, and by the state of Haryana to the east. It constitutes the bulk of the Chandigarh Capital Region or Greater Chandigarh, which a ...

is the joint capital for the states of Punjab and Haryana.

Chronological history

Paleolithic

History of human presence in Haryana dates back to 100,000 years ago. Archaeologists discovered cave paintings and tools in Mangar Bani hill forest in May 2021; the cave paintings are estimated to be 100,000 years old. These are believed to be the largest in the

Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a list of the physiographic regions of the world, physiographical region in United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern Asia, Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian O ...

and possibly the world's oldest.

Neolithic

Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several p ...

are numerous in Haryana, specially the pre-

IVC IVC can refer to: Places *Invercargill Airport, New Zealand, IATA code * Ivory Coast, UNDP country code *Oflag IV-C, a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp in Colditz Castle Education *Impington Village College *Irvine Valley College *Imperia ...

phases found at

Bhirrana Bhirrana, also Bhirdana and Birhana, (Hindi: भिरड़ाना; IAST: Bhirḍāna) is an archaeological site, located in a small village in Fatehabad District, in the Indian state of Haryana. Bhirrana's earliest archaeological layers pr ...

Siswal Siswal is a village in Hisar district, Haryana, India. It located 28 km from Hisar city. It is a site of Chalcolithic age. It is a typesite for ''Siswal culture'', dating from around 3800 BC, also known as Sothi–Siswal culture. Location The ...

Rakhigarhi Rakhigarhi or Rakhi Garhi is a village and an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley civilisation in Hisar District of the northern Indian state of Haryana, situated about 150 km northwest of Delhi. It was part of the mature ph ...

Kunal Kunala ( IAST: ) (263 BC – ?) was a son of Emperor Ashoka and Queen Padmavati and the presumptive heir to Ashoka, thus the heir to the Mauryan Empire which once ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent. After the departure of Mahendra, ...

,The Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures
Daily Pioneer, 10 May 2018. etc.

Indus Valley Civilisation

Indus Valley civilisation The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900& ...

evolved on the banks of

Rigvedic rivers Rivers play a prominent part in the hymns of the ''Rigveda'', and consequently in early Vedic religion. Vedic texts have a wide geographical horizon, speaking of oceans, rivers, mountains and deserts. The Vedic land is described as a land of ...

Indus and

Sarasvati Saraswati ( sa, सरस्वती, ) is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech, wisdom, and learning. She is one of the Tridevi, along with the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati. The earliest known mention of Saraswati as a go ...

rivers. Sarasvati and its tributary

Drishadvati river The Drishadvati river (IAST:, "She with many stones") is a river hypothesized by Indologists to identify the route of the Vedic river Saraswati and the state of ''Brahmavarta''. According to ''Manusmriti'', the ''Brahmavarta'', where the Rishis c ...

(

Ghaggar The Ghaggar-Hakra River is an intermittent river in India and Pakistan that flows only during the monsoon season. The river is known as Ghaggar in India, before the Ottu barrage, and as the Hakra in Pakistan, downstream of the barrage, ending ...

) flow through north and central Haryana and there are numerous IVC sites in haryana along

paleochannel A palaeochannel, also spelt paleochannel and also known as palaeovalley or palaeoriver, is a geological term describing a remnant of an inactive river or stream channel that has been filled or buried by younger sediment. The sediments that the ...

s of these rivers, notable among those are the

Rakhi Garhi Rakhigarhi or Rakhi Garhi is a village and an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley civilisation in Hisar District of the northern Indian state of Haryana, situated about 150 km northwest of Delhi. It was part of the mature pha ...

Banawali Banawali (Devanagari: बनावली) is an archaeological site belonging to Indus Valley civilization period in fatehabad district, Haryana, India and is located about 120 km northeast of Kalibangan and 16 km from Fatehabad. Ban ...

Farmana Farmana Khas or Daksh Khera is an archaeological site in Meham block of Rohtak district in northern Indian state of Haryana spread over 18.5 hectares. It is located near the village of Farmana Khas, about 15 kilometers from the Rohtak ...

Jognakhera Jognakhera is an archaeological site belonging to late Harappan phase of Indus Valley civilisation. Jogankhera is located in Kurukshetra District, Haryana, India. Period The find from this site belong to the mature Harappan phase as well a ...

, Mitathal,

, and IVC mines and smelter at Tosham. Haryana govt is undertaking projects to revive Saraswati and Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Civilisation Museum has been constructed for the conservation of the artifacts.

Vedic period

During the Vedic era, there were janapada in Haryana from 1500 BCE 6th century BCE, which evolved into mahajanapadas which lasted from 6th century BCE to 4th century BCE. During Janpada period

Kuru Kuru may refer to: Anthropology and history * Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people * Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology * Kuru Kingdom, ...

janpada covered most of Haryana and their area was called Kurukshetra, except

South Haryana South Haryana is an underdeveloped region of the Indian state of Haryana. South Haryana has dearth of essentials i.e. water ( Bhakra water), road, transport and protracted demand of University and educational institutes. The Haryana government is ...

where Matsaya janpada (700–300 BCE) covered Mewat in Haryana (and

Alwar Alwar (Pronunciation: �lʋəɾ is a city located in India's National Capital Region and the administrative headquarters of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan. It is located 150 km south of Delhi and 150 km north of Jaipur. ...

in Rajasthan) and

Surasena Kingdom of Surasena (or Sourasena) (Sanskrit: ) was an ancient Indian region corresponding to the present-day Braj region in Uttar Pradesh, with Mathura as its capital city. According to the Buddhist text '' Anguttara Nikaya'', Surasena was on ...

janpada covered

Braj Braj, also known as Vraj, Vraja, Brij or Brijbhoomi, is a region in India on both sides of the Yamuna river with its centre at Mathura- Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh state encompassing the area which also includes Palwal and Ballabhgarh in Harya ...

region including parts of Haryana near Barsana (such as

Punhana Punhana is a town in Punhana sub-division in the Nuh district in the Indian state of Haryana. Geography Punahana is the largest town of Mewat, at an average elevation of 187 metres (613 feet). Demographics India census A census is ...

and

Hodal Hodal is a city and a municipal council in Palwal district in the Haryana state of India. It is located at and has an average elevation of . Hodal is a Haryana Legislative Assembly constituency segment, within the Faridabad Lok Sabha const ...

). After mahabharta and subsequent ashvamedha

yagna Yajna ( sa, यज्ञ, yajña, translit-std=IAST, sacrifice, devotion, worship, offering) refers in Hinduism to any ritual done in front of a sacred fire, often with mantras.SG Nigal (1986), Axiological Approach to the Vedas, Northern Book ...

, Kuru janpada evolved into a mahajanapada which sovereignty over other janpadas. The sandy

bagar tract Bagar, also Bagad (बागड़) and even Bar, a term meaning the "dry country",Nonica Datta The Tribune, 3 July 1999. refers to the sandy tract of north-western India and eastern parts of current Pakistan bordering India. For example, area ...

in northwestern and westcentral Haryana on Haryana-Rajasthan border was part of the larger

jangladesh Jangladesh, also known as Janglu, was a historical region in north, north-western and north-eastern Rajasthan state in northern India. It included the present-day districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, and Hanumangarh. It was bounded on th ...

which also covered thar area of Rajasthan. Lord

Krishna Krishna (; sa, कृष्ण ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu and also as the Supreme god in his own right. He is the god of protection, compassion, tenderness, and love; and is one ...

revealed Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna at

Jyotisar Jyotisar, on the bank of Jyotisar Sarovar wetland, is a Hindu pilgrimage site in the city of Kurukshetra in Haryana state of India. In mythology, it is where Krishna delivered the sermon of ''Bhagavad Gita'' - the doctrine of ''Karma'' and ' ...

Śrauta Śrauta is a Sanskrit word that means "belonging to śruti", that is, anything based on the Vedas of Hinduism. It is an adjective and prefix for texts, ceremonies or person associated with śruti. The term, for example, refers to Brahmins who spec ...

were codified in Haryana during Kuru mahajanpada era, and notable sites in Haryana related to rishi authors are Bilaspur (Vyas Puri) and

Kapal Mochan Kapal Mochan is an ancient place of pilgrimage for both Hindus and Sikhs, 17 km north-east of Jagadhari town, on the Bilaspur road in Yamunanagar district. It is also called Gopal Mochan and Somsar Mochan. As per Legend, '' Brāhmanahatya'' ...

both related to Rishi

Ved Vyasa Krishna Dvaipayana ( sa, कृष्णद्वैपायन, Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana), better known as Vyasa (; sa, व्यासः, Vyāsaḥ, compiler) or Vedavyasa (वेदव्यासः, ''Veda-vyāsaḥ'', "the one who cl ...

who wrote mahabharta on the banks of Saraswati at hish ashram at Bilaspur,

Dhosi Hill Dhosi Hill is an important Vedic period site, an extinct volcano, standing alone at the north-west end of the Aravalli mountain range. Its height varies from about 345 to 470 meters from the surrounding lands and 740 meters from the sea level. ...

was ashram of Rishi

Chyavana Chyavana () was a sage (rishi) in Hinduism. He was a son of Bhrigu, also known as Bhrigu Varuni in the Upanishads, and is known for his rejuvenation through a special herbal paste or tonic known as '' chyavanaprasham'', which was prepared by t ...

, who is mentioned in mahabharta, and he is well known for creating

chyavanprash Chyavanprash (), originally Chayavanaprasham, is a cooked mixture of sugar, honey, ghee, Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica, amla) jam, sesame oil, berries and various herbs and spices. It is prepared as per the instructions suggested in Ayurv ...

and detailed formula for which first appeared in the ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita. In some ancient Hindu texts, the boundaries of Kurukshetra (the area under Kuru janpada, not just the modern day Kurukshetra city) correspond roughly to the state of Haryana. Thus according to the

Taittiriya Aranyaka The Aranyakas (; sa, आरण्यक; IAST: ' ) are the part of the ancient Indian Vedas concerned with the meaning of ritual sacrifice. They typically represent the later sections of the Vedas, and are one of many layers of the Vedic texts. ...

5.1.1., the Kurukshetra region is south of Turghna ( Srughna/Sugh), north of Khandavprastha forest (

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders ...

and Mewat region), east of

Maru Pradesh Maru Pradesh is a geographical region and a proposed desert state in northwest India. Its proposed capital is Jodhpur. It would be carved out from the state of Rajasthan. The proposed state consists of Barmer district, Jaisalmer district, Bika ...

(marusthal or desert) and west of Parin. Some of these historic places are included in the

48 Kos Parikrama of Kurukshetra The 48 kos parikrama is a parikrama (a circumbabulatory pilgrimage) of various ''Mahabharata''-related and other Vedic-era tirthas (Hindu sacred sites) around the holy city of Kurukshetra in the state of Haryana, India. Associated with Kri ...

. Early_Vedic_Culture_(1700-1100_BCE).png, Early Vedic Culture (1700-1100 BCE), era of janpadas. Late_Vedic_Culture_(1100-500_BCE).png, Late Vedic Culture (1100-500 BCE), janpadas evolved into mahajanpadas. EpicIndia.jpg, Locations of kingdoms and republics in Bharata Khanda (India) mentioned in epics like mahabharta.

Pre-Islamic Hindu-Buddhist period

After ousting the

Huns The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was part ...

, king

Harshavardhana Harshavardhana (IAST Harṣa-vardhana; c. 590–647 CE) was a Pushyabhuti emperor who ruled northern India from 606 to 647 CE. He was the son of Prabhakaravardhana who had defeated the Alchon Huna invaders, and the younger brother of Rajya ...

established his capital at

Thanesar Thanesar city or old Kurukshetra city is a historic town and an important Hindu pilgrimage centre in Kurukshetra district of the state of Haryana in northern India. It is located in Kurukshetra district, approximately 160 km northwest of D ...

near Kurukshetra in the 7th century CE. After his death, the kingdom of his clansmen, the

Pratihara The Gurjara-Pratihara was a dynasty that ruled much of Northern India from the mid-8th to the 11th century. They ruled first at Ujjain and later at Kannauj. The Gurjara-Pratiharas were instrumental in containing Arab armies moving east of the ...

s ruled over a vast region for quite a while from

Harsha Harshavardhana ( IAST Harṣa-vardhana; c. 590–647 CE) was a Pushyabhuti emperor who ruled northern India from 606 to 647 CE. He was the son of Prabhakaravardhana who had defeated the Alchon Huna invaders, and the younger brother of Rajy ...

's adopted capital

Kannauj Kannauj ( Hindustani pronunciation: ənːɔːd͡ʒ is a city, administrative headquarters and a municipal board or Nagar Palika Parishad in Kannauj district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city's name is a corrupted form of the class ...

. The region remained strategically important for the rulers of

North India North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India. The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas, which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central ...

even though

was no more as central as

Prithviraj Chauhan Prithviraja III ( IAST: Pṛthvī-rāja; reign. – 1192 CE), popularly known as Prithviraj Chauhan or Rai Pithora, was a king from the Chauhan (Chahamana) dynasty who ruled the territory of Sapadalaksha, with his capital at Ajmer in presen ...

established forts at

Taraori Taraori, or Tarori or Tarawari, as it is sometimes called in the local dialect, is a town ( Municipal committee) in Nilokheri Tehsil of Karnal district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is situated off NH-44, 14 km north of Karnal. The ...

and Hansi in the 12th century.

Sultanate period

Muhammad Ghori Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad ibn Sam ( fa, معز الدین محمد بن سام), also Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori, also Ghūri ( fa, معز الدین محمد غوری) (1144 – March 15, 1206), commonly known as Muhammad of Ghor, also Gh ...

conquered Haryana after the

Second Battle of Tarain The Second Battle of Tarain was fought in 1192 between the Ghurid forces of Muhammad Ghuri and the Rajput Confederacy of Prithviraj Chauhan. It took place near Tarain (modern Taraori), which is , north of Delhi. The battle ended in a decis ...

. Following his death, the Delhi Sultanate was established that ruled much of India for several centuries. The earliest reference to 'Hariana' occurs in a

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late ...

inscription dated 1328 AD kept in

Museum, which refers to this region as ''The heaven on earth'', indicating that it was fertile and relatively peaceful at that time. Firuz Shah Tughlaq established a fort at Hisar in 1354 to further fortify the region, and also constructed canals or ''rajwahas'' as they were referred to in the Indo-Persian historical texts.

Mughal Empire

The three famous battles of Panipat took place near the modern town of Panipat. The first battle took place in 1526, where Babur, the ruler of

Kabul Kabul (; ps, , ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. Located in the eastern half of the country, it is also a municipality, forming part of the Kabul Province; it is administratively divided into 22 municipal districts. Acco ...

defeated Ibrahim Lodi of the Delhi Sultanate, through the use of field artillery. This battle marked the beginning of the

in India. In the Second Battle of Panipat (5 November 1556), Akbar's general Bairam Khan defeated

Hemu Hemu (; also known as Hemu Vikramaditya and Hemchandra Vikramaditya; died 5 November 1556) was an Indian emperor who previously served as a general and Wazir of Adil Shah Suri of Sur Empire during a period in Indian history when Mughals and A ...

, the local Haryanvi who grew up in Rewari. Hemu, who belonged to Rewari in Haryana, rose from a businessman to become adviser to Afghan kings and then Prime Minister-cum-Chief of Army. He fought and won 22 battles in between 1553 and 1556, from Punjab to Bengal against Afghans and Mughals and won all of them without losing any. Hemu defeated Akbar's army at Tughlaqabad in Battle of Delhi-1556 and became king at Delhi on 7 October 1556 declaring himself as Vikramaditya following the reigns of earlier Vedic kings.Kar, L. Colonel H. C. "Military History of India", Calcutta (1980), p.283 Hemu lost his life in the Second Battle of Panipat.

Maratha period (1756–1801)

The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between the Afghan Emperor

Ahmad Shah Abdali Ahmad Shāh Durrānī ( ps, احمد شاه دراني; prs, احمد شاه درانی), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern Afghanistan. In July 1747, Ahm ...

and the

under

Sadashivrao Bhau Sadashivrao Bhau Peshwa (3 August 1730 – 14 January 1761) was son of Chimaji Appa (younger brother of Bajirao I) and Rakhmabai (Pethe family) and the nephew of Baji Rao I. He was a finance minister during the reign of Maratha emperor Chhatr ...

of Pune. Ahmad Shah won decisively, on 13 January 1761.

Colonial period

1857 war of independence

The

Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the fo ...

war started first at

Ambala Cantonment Ambala Cantonment is a cantonment town in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India. It is 200 km north of Delhi and 55 km southwest of Chandigarh. This cantonment was established in the year 1843 and is an important centre for ma ...

, 8 hours before revolt started in

Meerut Meerut (, IAST: ''Meraṭh'') is a city in Meerut district of the western part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city lies northeast of the national capital New Delhi, within the National Capital Region and west of the state capital ...

, when the soldiers of

5th Indian Infantry Brigade The 5th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was converted from the 9th Indian Infantry Brigade in September 1939, and assigned to the 4th Indian Infantry Division. The brigade firs ...

and

60th Indian Infantry Brigade The 60th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in July 1943, by the re designation of the 10th Indian Motor Brigade. The brigade served in Lebanon, Iraq and Persia with the 12th In ...

revolted but it was crushed.Haryana Samvad
, Jan 2018. 5th and 60th Regiments of Benga Native Infantry rebelled at

Umballa Ambala () is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh. Politically, Ambala has two sub-area ...

(Ambala). During the Battle of Narnaul at Nasibpur on 16 November 1857,

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

lost 70 British soldiers and their commanders colonel Gerrard and Captain Wallace. 40 British soldiers and officers Captain Craige, Captain Kennedy and Captain Pearse were wounded.Dr Malti Malik
History of India
Page 356. The major centers of rebellion were at Hisar, Hansi, Sirsa, Rohtak, Jhajjar, Bahadurgarh, Farrukhnagar, Ballabhgarh, Rewari, Ambala, Panipat and

. Under the "Delhi Agency" there were seven Princely states,

Jhajjar Jhajjar is a town in Jhajjar district in the Indian state of Haryana. The city is situated on the road connecting Rewari to Rohtak (NH-352), Loharu to Meerut (NH334B), Charkhi Dadri to Delhi and Gurgaon to Bhiwani. Jhajjar is located west o ...

Farrukhnagar Farrukhnagar is a town and municipality in Gurugram district of Haryana, India. It is one of the four administrative blocks of Gurugram district situated from Gurugram and shares its border with Jhajjar district. It is part of the Ahirwal re ...

, Ballabhgarh,

Loharu Loharu (also known as Luharu) is a city, municipal committee and assembly constituency in the Bhiwani district of the Indian state of Haryana. It is the administrative headquarters of one of the four administrative sub-divisions of the distric ...

Pataudi Pataudi is a town and one of the 4 sub-divisions of Gurugram district, in the Indian state of Haryana, within the boundaries of the National Capital Region of India. Ahirs/Yadav dominate the area. It is located from Gurugram, at the foot hills ...

and

Dujana Dujana is a village, formerly a princely state, in Beri tehsil of Jhajjar district of Haryana State, India. The village is administered by a Sarpanch, an elected representative of the village. History Duna Princely State existed since the tim ...

. The Chiefs of the last two estates remained loyal to the British and others rebelled.Madan Gopal, 1977
Sir Chhotu Ram: a political biography
Page 9. The Rajput rulers of Rajasthan also kept out of the mutiny.M.K. Singh, 2009
Encyclopaedia Of Indian War Of Independence (1857–1947) (Set Of 19 Vols.)
/ref>

Raja Nahar Singh Raja Nahar Singh (died 1858) was a Jat Ruler of the princely state of Ballabhgarh in Faridabad District of Haryana, India . He fought The East India Company in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The small kingdom of Ballabhgarh is only 20 miles ...

was the ruler of Ballabhgarh,

Rao Tula Ram Rao Tularam Singh (''circa'' 9 December 1825 – 23 September 1863) was a Yaduvanshi Ahir King or chieftain of Rewari. He was one of the leaders of the Indian rebellion of 1857 in Haryana, where he is considered a state hero. Personal life H ...

ruler of Rewari and his cousin Gopal Dev, Nawab Abdur Rahman Khan Jhajjar, Nawab Ahmad Ali of Farrukhnagar, Sadruddin the peasant leader of Mewat, Harsukh Rai and Mirza Gauhar Ali of Palwal and Imam of

Bu Ali Shah Qalandar Sharafuddeen Bu Ali Shah Qalandar Panipati, renowned as Bu Ali Qalandar (1209–1324 CE), born in Panipat, Haryana, India, was a Qalandar and Sufi saint of the Owaisī Order, who lived and taught in India. His shrine or dargah (mausoleum) ...

mosque in Panipat played key role. After the failure of revolt by Indians, Haryana was taken out of

North-Western Provinces The North-Western Provinces was an administrative region in British India. The North-Western Provinces were established in 1836, through merging the administrative divisions of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces. In 1858, the nawab-ruled kingdo ...

and merged with Punjab as a punishment. This rebellion was partly caused by the unjust tax system implemented through the use of The Great Hedge of India, a historic inland customs border which ran through several states including Haryana.

Independence and riots

Lala Lajpat Rai Lala Lajpat Rai (28 January 1865 - 17 November 1928) was an Indian author, freedom fighter, and politician. He played a vital role in the Indian Independence movement. He was popularly known as Punjab Kesari. He was one of the three members of ...

worked towards the social reform, spread of Arya Samaj, creation of mass support for the

Indian independence movement The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British Raj, British rule in India. It lasted from 1857 to 1947. The first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence emerged ...

and he died protesting against the Simon Commission. Lala Murlidhar of Ambala and journalist Balmukund Gupt of Rewari were the members of the founding session of congress who promoted

Swadeshi movement The Swadeshi movement was a self-sufficiency movement that was part of the Indian independence movement and contributed to the development of Indian nationalism. Before the BML Government's decision for the partition of Bengal was made public in ...

Chhotu Ram Sir Chhotu Ram (born Ram Richpal; 24 November 1881 – 9 January 1945) was a prominent politician in British India's Punjab Province, an ideologue of the pre-Independent India, who belonged to the Jat community and championed the interest of op ...

, Pandit Nekiram Sharma, Lala Ugrasen and Ramswaroop Jaglan of

Bidhwan Bidhwan is a village and administrative unit with a democratically elected panchayat samiti (local council) in the Loharu (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Siwani Tehsil of Bhiwani District under Bhiwani-Mahendragarh Lok Sabha constituency and Hisa ...

were also key independence activists. In 1907, two years after the

1905 Partition of Bengal The first Partition of Bengal (1905) was a territorial reorganization of the Bengal Presidency implemented by the authorities of the British Raj. The reorganization separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western are ...

, British Indian Army soldiers in the

6th Jat Light Infantry The6th Jat Light Infantry were an infantry regiment of the Bengal Army, later of the united British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to 1803, when they were the 1st Battalion, 22nd Bengal Native Infantry. Over the years they were known ...

and

10th Jats The 10th Jats were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to 1823, when they were known as the 1st Battalion, 33rd Bengal Native Infantry. Over the years they became known by a number of different titles. ...

mutinied and sided with Bengali revolutionaries to takeover a government treasury. Their revolt was suppressed by the colonial government and several mutineers were sentenced to prison.Haryana Samvad
, Jan 2018. In 1914, Kasi Ram Joshi a member of the

Ghadar Party The Ghadar Movement was an early 20th century, international political movement founded by expatriate Indians to overthrow British rule in India. The early movement was created by conspirators who lived and worked on the West Coast of the Unite ...

hailing from Haryana, returned to India from America. On 15 March 1915 he was hanged by the colonial rulers. Subhas Chandra Bose's

Azad Hind Fauj The Indian National Army (INA; ''Azad Hind Fauj'' ; 'Free Indian Army') was a collaborationist armed force formed by Indian collaborators and Imperial Japan on 1 September 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. Its aim was to secure In ...

had 2847 soldiers from Haryana, of whom 346 attained martyrdom. During the partition of India in 1947, state experienced riots at many places, which also scores of death and migration of millions of people from Haryana to Pakistan and vice versa.

Formation of Haryana

Hindi language movement

Hindi language movement of Punjab that started on 30 April 1957 and lasted till 27 December 1957 in Hindi-speaking areas of Punjab, had paved the way for the demand for the formation of Haryana as a separate state for the Hindi speaking people of the united Punjab state. Movement started after government of post-independence Punjab tried to impose Punjabi on Hindi-speaking parts, and when people resisted, government retaliated by mass arrests, imprisonments and some of arrested activists were tortured in the prison. Sumer Singh of Naya Bans in Rohtak district gave his life for this cause during this movement. After this movement was successful in getting the ball rolling for a Hindi-speaking state. Another movement for leftover Punjabi-speaking parts started, this Punjabi suba & Punjabi language movement demanded under which Punjabi and

gurmukhi Gurmukhī ( pa, ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ, , Shahmukhi: ) is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad (1504–1552). It is used by Punjabi Sikhs to write the language, commonly ...

to be made official in after division.Har Samvand
Sept 2018, p12. In 2018, the Government of Haryana started to award ₹10,000 per month pension to the ''Matribhasa Satyagrahis'' (Hindi language activists).

Re-organisation of the Punjab state

On 1 November 1966, Haryana was carved out of the

East Punjab East Punjab (known simply as Punjab from 1950) was a province and later a state of India from 1947 until 1966, consisting of the parts of the Punjab Province of British India that went to India following the partition of the province betwee ...

on linguistic grounds, with majorly consisting of the "Hindi Speaking areas". Same example was later followed in creation of

Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh (; ; "Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the thirteen mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks ...

as well. In order to analyse and find a cooperative as well as universally acceptable solution, for the long going vexed linguistic problem, being faced by Punjab, the parliament announced the formation of th
Parliamentary Committee on Demand for Punjabi Suba (1966)
chairmanned by Sardar Hukam Singh, on 23 September 1965. According to the 90 paged report, the committee initially came to an understanding that a 'co-operative solution' was not possible. Moreover, it stated that unanimity is also not possible or necessary on any matters in a democratic set-up. So, after perusing the large number of memoranda/representations received by the Committee and hearing the various view-points expressed by the different witnesses representing the various shades of opinion, the committee suggested the re-organisation of the State of Punjab on linguistic basis. It also stated that the then Chief Minister of the Punjab State admitted that the situation needed a change and status quo in its entirety was not possible." Although a section of the people from the Punjab canvassed before the committee that the status quo might be maintained in the Punjab. Even a third argument advanced in favour of the status quo was that, any reorganisation of the State would not be in the interests of the security of the country and would weaken the defence of India, which was later struck off due to lack of authentic data or justifiable reasons. On 23 April 1966, while acting on the report submitted by the parliamentary committee, the Indian government set up th
Punjab Boundary Commission
under the chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide and set up the boundaries of Punjab and Haryana. The commission gave its report on 31 May 1966. According to this report the then districts of Hissar,

Mahendragarh Mahendragarh is a city and a municipal committee in Mahendragarh district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is from Gurgaon and comes under National Capital Region (India). Etymology Earlier named ''kanaud'', in early 1860s it was renam ...

, Gurgaon,

Rohtak Rohtak () is a city and the administrative headquarters of the Rohtak district in the Indian state of Haryana. It lies north-west of New Delhi and south of the state capital Chandigarh on NH 9(old NH 10). Rohtak forms a part of the National ...

, and

Karnal Karnal ( is a city located in the state of Haryana, India and is the administrative headquarters of Karnal District. It was used by East India Company army as a refuge during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi. The Battle of Karnal between ...

were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further the Tehsils of

(district Sangrur),

Narwana Narwana is a town and a municipal council in Jind district in the Indian state of Haryana. History and etymology Narwana is shortcode as NRW in Indian Railways and according to historical references and the ancestors, there are several my ...

(district Sangrur)

Naraingarh Naraingarh (also: Narayangarh) is a city, municipal committee and assembly constituency in the Ambala district of the Indian state of Haryana, located on the border with the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Due to its geographical location, th ...

Ambala Ambala () is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh. Politically, Ambala has two sub-are ...

and Jagadhari of district Ambala were also included. The commission recommended that Tehsil Kharar (including Chandigarh) should also be a part of Haryana.

Theme history of Haryana

Administration

Municipalities

Republican democracy

Agriculture

Farming

Rakhigarhi granary

Irrigation

Haryana has network of canals across of state divided into 8 canal command areas. Haryana has 47% share (reduced from 70% after an agreement with Delhi in 1994) in

Yamuna The Yamuna ( Hindustani: ), also spelt Jumna, is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of about on the southwestern slopes of B ...

river water and ?% share in Sutlej river water too for which disputed Sutlej Yamuna link canal is still partially completed for several decades.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-to-benefit-from-renukaji-dam/articleshow/67495820.cms
Times of India, 12 January 2019. Indus treaty covers a total of 168 million acre-feet of water, of which India can utilize 33 million acre-feet (20% of total) from the three rivers assigned to India. In 2019, India utilizes only 93–94% (30 million acre-feet) of its share, and 6–7% (2 million acre-feet) of India's unitised share flows to Pakistan, resulting in a total of 87% water flowing to Pakistan. India is building three dams to utilize 100% of its 33 million acree-fet share (20% of total water under treaty).
Economic Times, 11 January 2019. Indus treaty covers a total of 168 million acre-feet of water, of which India can utilize 33 million acre-feet (20% of total) from the three rivers assigned to India. In 2019, India utilizes only 93–94% (30 million acre-feet) of its share, and 6–7% (2 million acre-feet) of India's unitised share flows to Pakistan, resulting in a total of 87% water flowing to Pakistan. India is building three dams to utilize 100% of its 33 million acre-feet share (20% of total water under treaty). India is undertaking 3 projects to ensure India utilizes its full share of

Indus Waters Treaty The Indus Water Treaty (IWT) is a water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, arranged and negotiated by the World Bank, to use the water available in the Indus River and its tributaries. It was signed in Karachi on 19 September 1960 b ...

, (a) Shahpurkandi dam project on

Ravi River The Ravi River () is a transboundary river crossing northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of five rivers associated with the Punjab region. Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the waters of the Ravi and two other rivers were ...

Pathankot district Pathankot district, is the northernmost district of the Indian state of Punjab. Pathankot city is the district headquarters. The district was created on 27 July 2011. Etymology The original name of Pathankot was ''Paithan'' during the Mughal ...

of Punjab (b) Sutlej-Beas link in Punjab (see also

Pandoh Dam The Pandoh Dam is an embankment dam on the Beas River in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Under the Beas Project, the dam was completed in 1977 and its primary purpose is hydroelectric power generation. Part of a run-of-the-river power ...

) and the Ujh Dam project on Ujh River (a

tributary A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drai ...

of Ravi river) in Jammu and Kashmir. ''Renukaji dam'', is INR4,596.76 crore 148m high rockfill gravity dam project being built on the Giri river in

Sirmour district Sirmaur is the southernmost district of Himachal Pradesh, northern India. It is largely mountainous and rural, with 90% of its population living in villages. Some of its towns include the capital Nahan, Tuheri, Bhawan, Shamra, UchaTik ...

with live storage of 0.404 MAF on 1,508 hectares to supply 23 cusec water and generate 40MW peak flow power. An agreement for its construction and sharing of cost and benefits (water and electricity) was signed by the Union Minister for Water and Chief Ministers of six states, namely Haryana (47.8% share of water), UP and Uttakhand (33.65% joint share) Rajasthan (9.3%), Delhi (6.04%) and Himachal Pradesh (3.15), on 11 January 2019. It has been declared a national project, resulting in 90% funding from the centre govt and the rest from the stakeholder states.Six states sign agreement for Renukaji Dam Multipurpose project
The Tribune, 11 January 2019. Giri River (cord: 30.44549 °N and 77.67358 ° Ö) in the state of Uttrakhand and Himachal is a tributary of

, which in turn is tributary of

Ganges The Ganges ( ) (in India: Ganga ( ); in Bangladesh: Padma ( )). "The Ganges Basin, known in India as the Ganga and in Bangladesh as the Padma, is an international river to which India, Bangladesh, Nepal and China are the riparian states." is ...

Giri River Giri River is a tributary of the Yamuna river that flows in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India.Geonames.org (cc-by) post updated 2015-03-08; database download sa 2016-08-15 (a)

Lakhwar Dam Lakhwar-Vyasi Dam project on Yamuna River, includes under-construction Lakhwar Dam and Power Station, Vyasi Dam, Hathiari Power Station and Katapathar Barrage, near the Lakhwar town in Kalsi block of Dehradun district of Uttarakhand in India, f ...

on Yamuna in Uttrakhand, (b) Renukaji Dam on Giri river in Himchal and (c)

Kishau Dam The Kishau Dam is a proposed gravity dam on the Tons River which will straddle the border between the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. The project site is about north of Dakpathar and upstream of the Ichari Dam. The primary p ...

Tons River The Tons (टौंस नदी) is the largest tributary of the Yamuna. It flows through Garhwal region in Uttarakhand, touching Himachal Pradesh. The Tons thrust is named after this river. Its source lies in the high Bandarpunch mountain, ...

in Uttrakhand. The agreements among the stakeholder states and centre govt has been signed for the Kishwar Dam (August 2018 and Renukaji Dam (January 2019) and the agreement for the remaining Kishau Dam is likely to be signed soon. The funding for the Kishwar Dam has already been approved for the centre govt's cabinet and the funding for the Renukaji Dam is expected to be approved soon. ''Renukaji dam'', is INR4,596.76 crore 148m high rockfileld gravity dam project being built on the Giri river in

with live storage of 0.404 MAF on 1,508 hectares to supply 23 cusec water and generate 40MW peak flow power. An agreement for its construction and sharing of cost and benefits (water and electricity) was signed by the Union Minister for Water and Chief Ministers of six states, namely Haryana (47.8% share of water), UP and Uttakhand (33.65% joint share) Rajasthan (9.3%), Delhi (6.04%) and Himachal Pradesh (3.15), on 11 January 2019. It has been declared a national project, resulting in 90% funding from the centre govt and the rest from the stakeholder states. Giri River (cord: 30.44549 °N and 77.67358 ° Ö) in the state of Uttrakhand and Himachal is a tributary of

, which in turn is tributary of

. Haryana has 1356 canal tailends of which 250 had not seen the water for up to 39 years. Between 2016 and 2018, govt rejuvenated all but 10 worst tailends. Specially the canals in Narnaul, Loharu and Rewari area were rehabilitated and water started to reach the tailend of canals after a gap of 39 years. *

Johad A johad, also known as a pokhar or a percolation pond, is a community-owned traditional harvested rainwater storage wetland principally used for effectively harnessing water resources in the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, and weste ...

wetlands and Haryana State Waterbody Management Board. In 2018, govt began rejuvenating 500 of these ponds in the initial phase, 390 injection well were built to pump rainwater into the ground to recharge the groundwater. *

Saraswati Saraswati ( sa, सरस्वती, ) is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech, wisdom, and learning. She is one of the Tridevi, along with the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati. The earliest known mention of Saraswati as a g ...

** Adi Badri **

Ghaggar-Hakra River The Ghaggar-Hakra River is an intermittent river in India and Pakistan that flows only during the monsoon season. The river is known as Ghaggar in India, before the Ottu barrage, and as the Hakra in Pakistan, downstream of the barrage, ending ...

* Sutlej ** Bhakhra Dam ***

Indira Gandhi Canal The Indira Gandhi Canal (originally, Rajasthan Canal) is the longest canal in India. It starts at the Harike Barrage near Harike, a few kilometers downriver from the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab state, and ends in irriga ...

** Sutlej Yamuna link canal *

, Haryana has 47.8% share in Yamuna water to be distributed for irrigation.Haryana cabinet approves signing of MoU for construction of two multipurpose-projects
UNI, 21 December 2018. **

Western Yamuna Canal Western Yamuna Canal is canal in river Yamuna that was dug out and renovated in 1335 CE by Firoz Shah Tughlaq. In 1750 CE, excessive silting caused it to stop flowing. The British raj undertook a three-year renovation in 1817 by Captain GR Blane ...

: Haryana share is 177 cusec, construction on this national project started in 2018Kirishi Samvad
Oct 2018. **

: Haryana share is 709 cusec in this under construction national project. ** Renuka Dam: Haryana share is 266 cusec in this under construction national project. **

Tajewala Barrage Tajewala Barrage is a now decommissioned but existing old barrage across the Yamuna River, located in Yamuna Nagar District, in the state of Haryana, India. Completed in 1873, it regulated the flow of the Yamuna for irrigation in Uttar Pradesh a ...

(1873) ** South haryana ***

Masani barrage Masani barrage, also Masani bridge, a barrage on the seasonal Sahibi River completed in 1989, is named after the Masani village in Rewari District of Haryana in India. Masani barrage also serves as a bridge on NH 919. Water storage in the barr ...

***

Sahibi River The Sahibi river, also called the Sabi River, is an ephemeral, rain-fed river flowing through Rajasthan, Haryana (where its canalised portion is called the "Outfall Drain No 8") and Delhi states in India. It drains into Yamuna in Delhi, where it ...

including

Najafgarh drain The Najafgarh drain or Najafgarh nalah (''nalah'' in Hindi means rivulet or storm water drain), which also acts as Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary, is another name for the northernmost end of River Sahibi, which continues its flow through De ...

****

Krishnavati river The Krishnavati river ( hi, कृष्णावती नदी), also called Kasaunti ( hi, कसौंती नदी), is a rain-fed river originates from Aravalli Range near Dariba copper mines in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan, and ...

(drain 8) ****

Dohan river The Dohan river ( hi, दोहान नदी, sa, वधूसरा, ), is a rain-fed river that originates at Mandholi village near Neem Ka Thana in Sikar district of Rajasthan and then disappears in Mahendragarh district in Haryana where ...

*** Nuh System of Lakes (also called Kotla lake) with bund built by

.Haryana commenced an INR82 crore project in 2018 to restore these lakes.

Commerce and trade

Industries

* Metal smelter and manufacturing at

Tosham Tosham is a town and a Gram Panchayat on the foot of Tosham Hill range in Bhiwani district in the Indian state of Haryana. It has been awarded the title of "Adarsh Village". It is situated in the foothill of Tosham hill range of Aravali Moun ...

from

. * Rakhigarhi silver bronze smelters and manufacturing *

Great Hedge of India The Inland Customs Line, incorporating the Great Hedge of India (or Indian Salt Hedge), was a customs barrier built by the British colonial rulers of India to prevent smuggling of salt from coastal regions in order to avoid the substantial salt ...

for tariffs during

Mining

Mines at

Tosham Hill range Tosham hill range (Tusham hill range old spelling), located at and in the area around Tosham, with an average elevation of 207 meters (679 feet), and the rocks exposed in and around Tosham hills are part of subsurface north-western spur of '' ...

from

Culture

Clothing

=Jewelry and ornaments

Rakhigarhi silver bronze ornaments finds and Dancing Girl ornaments.

=Textiles

Dancing Girl attire.

Haryanvi language

Haryanvi Music

Haryanvi movies

Infrastructure

Architecture

* IVC

Black and red ware culture Black and red ware (BRW) is a South Asian earthenware, associated with the neolithic phase, Harappa, Bronze Age India, Iron Age India, the megalithic and the early historical period. Although it is sometimes called an archaeological culture, the ...

(1450BCE-1200BCE) * Vedic Era

Painted Grey Ware culture The Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW) is an Iron Age Indian culture of the western Gangetic plain and the Ghaggar-Hakra valley in the Indian subcontinent, conventionally dated 1200 to 600–500 BCE, or from 1300 to 500–300 BCE It is a successo ...

(1200BCE to 600BCE) * Pre-Islamic architecture of Haryana **

Bhima Devi Temple Site Museum The Bhima Devi Temple Complex, nicknamed Khajuraho of North India for its erotic sculptures, comprises the restored ruins of an ancient Hindu temple dating from between 8th and 11th century AD, together with the adjacent 17th-century Pinjore ga ...

Kalayat Ancient Bricks Temple Complex The Kalayat Ancient Brick Temple Complex is a ruined brick temple complex north of Delhi, is located in Kalayat town in Kaithal district of the state of Haryana, India. It comprises the several Hindu temples, including two ancient temples datin ...

Adi Badri, Haryana Adi Badri, also Sri Sarasvati Udgam Tirath,Morni Hills Shiva temple **

Pillars of Ashoka The pillars of Ashoka are a series of monolithic columns dispersed throughout the Indian subcontinent, erected or at least inscribed with edicts by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka during his reign from c. 268 to 232 BCE. Ashoka used the expre ...

in Africa. *** Topra Kalan pillar relocated as

Delhi-Topra pillar The Delhi-Topra pillar is one of the pillars of Ashoka, inscribed with the moral edicts promulgated by Ashoka, the Mauryan Emperor who ruled in the Indian subcontinent during the 3rd century BCE. The Edicts of Ashoka were either carved on in-sit ...

Feroz Shah Kotla The Feroz Shah Kotla or Kotla ("fortress", "citadel") was a fortress built by Feroz Shah Tughlaq to house his version of Delhi city called Firozabad. A pristine polished sandstone Topra Ashokan pillar from the 3rd century BC rises from the p ...

*** Agroha Mound pillar relocated to Lat Mosque Hisar (bottom half)) and Fatehabad mosque (top half) Nangal Sirohi in

Mahendragarh district Mahendragarh district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana state in northern India. The district occupies an area of 1,899 km² and has a population of 922,088 (2021census). District have 3 Sub-divisions : Narnaul, Mahendragarh and Kanina ...

, 130 km from Delhi, is popular for its

haveli A ''haveli'' is a traditional townhouse, mansion, manor house, in the Indian subcontinent, usually one with historical and architectural significance, and located in a town or city. The word ''haveli'' is derived from Arabic ''hawali'', mean ...

s of shekhavati architecture within NCR.Magnificent havelis of Nangal-Sirohi

The Tribune ''The Tribune'' or ''Tribune'' is the name of various newspapers: United States Daily California *'' Oakland Tribune'' * ''The Tribune'' (San Luis Obispo) *''San Gabriel Valley Tribune'' Indiana *'' Kokomo Tribune'' *'' Peru Tribune'' * ''The Tri ...

, 22 June 2002.

Education

Chanetic Buddhist monastic university as chronicled by

Hieun Tsang Xuanzang (, ; 602–664), born Chen Hui / Chen Yi (), also known as Hiuen Tsang, was a 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator. He is known for the epoch-making contributions to Chinese Buddhism, the travelogue of ...

Science and technology

=Electricity

=Post and telegraph

Sports

Pashupati Pashupati (Sanskrit ''Paśupati''; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Ne ...

Shiva Shiva (; sa, शिव, lit=The Auspicious One, Śiva ), also known as Mahadeva (; ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐ, or Hara, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions within Hindu ...

yoga Yoga (; sa, योग, lit=yoke' or 'union ) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India and aim to control (yoke) and still the mind, recognizing a detached witness-consci ...

pose from

Transport

=Aviation

= In 1919, first airstrip was built in Haryana when

Ambala Air Force Station Ambala () is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh. Politically, Ambala has two sub-area ...

was established. Following the independence of India in 1947, it was also the home to the SEPECAT Jaguar of No. 5 Squadron IAF and

No. 14 Squadron IAF No. 14 Squadron (Bulls), is a ground attack unit, operating out of AFS Ambala. The squadron currently operates SEPECAT Jaguar IS and IBs, operational since March 1981. History Hunters of No. 14 Squadron battled with Sabres of the PAF in the I ...

, and aging

MiG-21bis The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21; NATO reporting name: Fishbed) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Its nick ...

of ''No. 21 Squadron IAF''. In 1947-48, a Flying Instruction School (FIS) was formed here. In 1954, FIS Ambala was moved to

Tambaram Tambaram is a southern suburb of Chennai, India. Located in the Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu, it is governed by Tambaram City Municipal Corporation and is a part of the Chennai Metropolitan Area. Etymology Tambaram is an ancient to ...

near

Chennai Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras ( the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. The largest city of the state in area and population, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of th ...

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a state in southern India. It is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language ...

, at

Tambaram Air Force Station Tambaram Air Force Station is an Indian Air Force airfield in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Located in the neighborhood of Tambaram, this Air Force station is primarily involved in the training of pilots as Qualified Flying Instructors and Mecha ...

. By 1964, the diversionary Indian Air Force airfield at Sirsa was ready.PC Lal
My Years with the IAF
In 1965, Hisar airfield, spread over , was built for the Hisar Aviation Club. In 1999, Hisar Aviation Club was merged with Haryana Institute of Civil Aviation (HICA). The airport is managed by HICA, which provides flight training using

light aircraft A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross takeoff weight of or less.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', page 308. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. Light aircraft are used as utility aircraft co ...

. In 1967, Karnal Air Strip was set up. The Karnal Flying Club has been running at this airfield since 1967 year . In 1970–71, a privately managed air service was introduced from Delhi-Patiala-Hisar and Delhi which was terminated after a period of about 6 months due to being financially unviable. During the 1980s, the

Gurugram Airstrip Gurugram Airstrip (formerly Gurgaon Airstrip), also Bhondsi Airstrip and Silokhera Airstrip, is an airstrip located between Silokhera and Bhondsi villages, south of Gurugram city center, in Haryana state of India.

, hangar, air conditioned yoga ashram and TV studio were built by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's favorite godman and yoga guru

Dhirendra Brahmachari Dhirendra Brahmachari (12 February 1924 – 9 June 1994), born Dhirendra Choudhary in village Basaith Chanpura, Madhubani, Bihar, was a yoga teacher of Yogi Bhajan who taught Kundalini Yoga in the West and founded 3HO. Dhirendra Brahmachari w ...

who died in 1994 in a plane crash.1990
"The Illustrated Weekly of India."

The Times Group Bennett, Coleman and Company Limited, (abbreviated as B.C.C.L. and d/b/a The Times Group), is an Indian media conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company remains a family-owned business with Sahu Jain family owning a majori ...

, Volume 111, Issues 13–25, p. 35.Ajay Kumar, "Family of Indira's favourite godman locked in multi-crore land battle.", D Mail, 11 December 2014. Indira use to visit Brahmachari here once a week. The 1980s teleserials "India Quiz" and Hum Log (ran from July 1984 to 17 December 1985) were shot here. Brahmachari charged INR25,000 per shift for the use of ashram's TV studio facilities here for the shooting of Hum Log. In 1983, Brahmachari had written letter to then Chief Minister of Haryana, Bhajan Lal, with a request to acquire 5,000 acre land around

Aravalli Range The Aravalli Range (also spelled ''Aravali'') is a mountain range in Northern- Western India, running approximately in a south-west direction, starting near Delhi, passing through southern Haryana, Rajasthan, and ending in Ahmedabad Gujarat. ...

, potentially up to 70,000 acres in total, to build facilities to rival

Disneyland Disneyland is a theme park in Anaheim, California. Opened in 1955, it was the first theme park opened by The Walt Disney Company and the only one designed and constructed under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. Disney initially envision ...

, including a yoga research and training centre, a wildlife sanctuary, folk arts and crafts centre, amusement centre and other facilities such as helipad, aquarium, planetarium and games and thrillers."Swami's Disneyland."

India Today ''India Today'' is a weekly Indian English-language news magazine published by Living Media India Limited. It is the most widely circulated magazine in India, with a readership of close to 8 million. In 2014, ''India Today'' launched a new o ...

, 28 February 1983. The aircraft hangar still has two ruined aircraft belonging to Brahmachari, likely including a

Maule M-5 The Maule M-5 is an American four-seat cabin monoplane designed and built by the Maule Aircraft Company. Design and development The M-5 was a development of the earlier Maule M-4 with improved STOL performance. It has a 30% increase in flap ...

American aircraft owned by him that landed him in investigations for tax evasions."Dhirendra Brahmachari: The controversial yogi."

, 30 November 1980. Ownership of some of the facilities is currently being disputed in the court (c. 2014), including 32 acre land and yoga studio. In 2002, the Delhi Flying Club (DFC) shifted all its flying activities and aircraft to Hisar from

Safdarjung Airport Safdarjung Airport is an airport in New Delhi, India, in the Safdarjung (Delhi), neighbourhood of the same name. Established during the British Raj as Willingdon Airfield, it started operations as an aerodrome in 1929, when it was India's secon ...

. On 31 January 2010, the ''Rajiv Gandhi National Centre for Aero Sports'' was inaugurated at Narnaul Airport. 51 acres were acquired for this purpose.Aerosports center in Haryana, Publication: www.sify.conm, Published on: 14-nov2010, Accessed: 31-mar-2017
/ref> Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda and Aero Club of India President Satish Sharma were present at the inauguration ceremony. The centre was set up by Aero Club of India and the Department of Civil Aviation, Haryana. It is the first ever modern state-of-the-art aero sports centre in India to provide training in comprehensive range of various aero sports, including para-jumping (simulated parachute jump from a tower), parasailing, hot air ballooning, gliding, power flying,

sky diving Parachuting, including also skydiving, is a method of transiting from a high point in the atmosphere to the surface of Earth with the aid of gravity, involving the control of speed during the descent using a parachute or parachutes. For ...

, aero modelling and micro light flying, with the purpose of introducing the state's youth to aviation and providing the general population a cheap opportunity to experience aero sports. On 27 November 2017, ''Runway 1'' a quirky restaurant based inside an

Airbus A320 The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus. The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France. The first member of the famil ...

discarded by

Air India Air India is the flag carrier airline of India, headquartered at New Delhi. It is owned by Talace Private Limited, a Special-Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of Tata Sons, after Air India Limited's former owner, the Government of India, completed the ...

was opened on Ambala Chandigarh Expressway by a Shahabad based business family.Runway-1 sneak peek
Economic Times, Jan 2018. In August 2018, pre-feasibility study and field study for 3 new greenfield airports in Haryana commenced for the and Chhara Airport (Jhajjar district), Jind Airport and Kurukshetra Airport at the cost of INR30 lakh (3 million).Survey for 3 new greenfield airports in Haryana
The Tribune, Aug 2018. On 26 December 2018, Haryana Health Minister

Anil Vij Anil Vij (born 15 March 1953) is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party and Cabinet Minister in the Government of Haryana. Political career Vij joined Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, a student wing of Rashtriya Sway ...

announced that a third domestic airport will be established under

UDAN ''Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik'' ( Hindi for "Let the common citizens of the country fly"), known by its acronym ''UDAN'' ( Hindi for "flight") is a regional airport development program of the Government of India and part of the Regional Connect ...

III scheme 40 km from the Ambala city at Barnala village next to the

for which a team of Airports Authority of India has already carried out the land survey.Ambala to get domestic airport
The Tribune, 26 December 2018.Ambala to get airport
digitalglobalist.com, 28 December 2018. The new greenfield airport at Ambala is included in the 13 airports included in the UDAN III scheme. Since most of the technical formalities are complete, an early execution of the project is expected. Hisar and Karnal airports are already included in the list of airports for which airlines can make proposals for the UDAN scheme. As of January 2019, all five existing government airports in Haryana will be developed to have runway of at least 5000 feet for midsize aircraft and

business jet A business jet, private jet, or bizjet is a jet aircraft designed for transporting small groups of people. Business jets may be adapted for other roles, such as the evacuation of casualties or express parcel deliveries, and some are used by pu ...

s, night landing and parking hangars, as airlines have approached the Haryana government to park their spillover "Non-scheduled Air Operations" (NSOP) aircraft from the congested IGI airport at Delhi to Bhiwani and Narnaul airport. Some of this development work at Hisar, Bhiwani and Narnaul airports is already underway. Hisar will be extended to 10,000 ft by March 2022 for large air crafts.

=Railway

Railway in Haryana The rail network in the state of Haryana in India, is covered by 5 rail divisions under 3 rail zones: North Western Railway zone ( Bikaner railway division and Jaipur railway division), Northern Railway zone (Delhi railway division and Ambal ...

falls in 2 railway zones (

Northern Railway zone The Northern Railway (NR) is one of the 19 Railway zones of India and the northernmost zone of the Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Baroda House in New Delhi. History Officially notified as a new railway zone on 14 April 1952, i ...

and

North Western Railway zone The North Western Railway (abbreviated NWR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Jaipur,Rajasthan with 59,075+ employees, 658+ stations and a route length of more than 5761 km across at least some parts of four ...

), and 3 divisions under those.

=Roads and highways

GT Road The Grand Trunk Road (formerly known as Uttarapath, Sarak-e-Azam, Shah Rah-e-Azam, Badshahi Sarak, and Long Walk) is one of Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For at least 2,500 years it has linked Central Asia to the Indian subcontinent. ...

with

Kos Minar The Kos Minars (translated: ''Mile Pillars'') are medieval Indian milestones along the Grand Trunk Road in northern Indian subcontinent, that were introduced by the 16th-century Pashtun ruler Sher Shah Suri. Kos Minars were erected to serve as ...

and Caravanserais

Military

The modern military history commenced with British colonial rule where George Thomas established modern European style army in 1798 to 1801,Desi Irish Raja of Haryana, Times of India newspaper, Jul-24-2016
/ref>Military memoirs of George Thomas, William_Francklin, 1805
/ref> and later Colonel James Skinner (1778 – 4 December 1841) the Anglo-Indian military adventurer in India, who founded 1st Skinner's Horse and

3rd Skinner's Horse The 3rd Skinner's Horse was a cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was originally raised at Hansi by Lt.-Col. James Skinner as the 2nd Regiment of Skinner's Horse in 1814, the various changes and amalgamations are listed below. *18 ...

Asigarh Fort Asigarh Fort, also called Hansi Fort, is located on the eastern bank of ''Amti lake'' in Hansi town of Haryana, India, about 135 km from Delhi on NH9. Spread over 30 acres, in its prime days this fort used to be in control of 80 forts in ...

at Hansi in 1803, which are still part of the

Indian Army The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four- ...

. As of January 2020, 139 (>10%) out of 1,322

Vir Chakra Vir Chakra (pronunciation: ʋ iː ɾ a tʃ a kɾa) is an Indian wartime military bravery award presented for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy on the battlefield and is third in precedence in wartime gallantry awards a ...

in India have been awarded to soldiers from Haryana, which has less than 2% population of India. Current military installations in Haryana are: *

Chandimandir Cantonment Chandimandir Cantonment is a military cantonment of the Indian Army located in Panchkula district at the foot of the Sivalik Hills adjoining Panchkula city in Haryana. It is the headquarters of the Western Command of the Indian Army. Backgr ...

Hisar Military Station Hisar Military Station, established in 15 November 1982 at Hisar in Haryana state of India, is the base headquarters of the ''33rd Armoured Division'' of Mathura-headquartered ''I Corps'' strike battle formation of Jaipur-headquartered '' Sou ...

* Indian Air Force **

** Gurugram Air Force Station is an ammunition dump ** Raja Nahar Singh Faridabad Air Force Logistics Station **

Sirsa Air Force Station Sirsa Air Force Station or Sirsa AFS ( ICAO: VISX) is an Indian Air Force base under Western Air Command, located at Sirsa in the state of Haryana, India. History 1971 Indo-Pak war In Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Pakistan Air Force launched a ...

Indian Navy The Indian Navy is the maritime branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy. As a blue-water navy, it operates si ...

** Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC) at Gurugram *

Border Security Force The Border Security Force (BSF) is India's border guarding organisation on its border with Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is one of the seven Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) of India, and was raised in the wake of the 1965 war on 1 December 1 ...

** Hisar BSF Camp *

Central Reserve Police Force The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is a federal police organisation in India under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs (India), Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) of the Government of India. It is one among the Central Armed Police F ...

(CRPF) ** Hisar CRPF Camp *

Central Industrial Security Force The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is a federal police organisation in India under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is one among the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF). CISF provides security to over 356 industrial units (including ...

(CISF) ** Mandawar CISF, SohnaTen big projects approved in Haryana
29 January 2019. *

National Security Guard The National Security Guard (NSG), commonly known as Black Cats, is a counter-terrorism unit of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It was founded on 16 October 1984, following Operation Blue Star, for combating terrorist activities and ...

(NSG) at Manesar Defunct British-era military installations in Haryana: *

at Hansi * Karnal Cantonment *

Bharawas Bharawas is a village in Rewari tehsil of Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It lies on National Highway 15 (India), NH15 south of Rewari at about on the Rewari-Bawad road. History Buddha Prakash, a scholar of the Kurukshetra Un ...

, 7 km southwest of Rewari (not to be confused with nearby Bariawas 7 km to the southeast of Rewari) *

Jharsa Jharsa is a village in Sector 39, Gurugram city of Gurugram district in Haryana State, India. It has a population of about 32,709; it is located from the Gurugram city centre and from the state's main city, Chandigarh. It is surrounded by Mo ...

cantonment and palace of Begum Samru (b.1753 – d.1836), which later became a British cantonment at the same place when Bharwas cantonment was reclocated to Jharsa in Gurugram.Begum Samru Palace, Gurugram

Haryana Tourism Haryana Tourism Corporation (HTC) was constituted as a Public Limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956 on 1 May 1974. As an agent of the Government of Haryana, ''Haryana Tourism Corporation'' runs and maintains 44 Tourist Complexes spre ...

.Hope for decrepit French memorial in Gurugram as official issues directions for restoration
Hindustan Times, Jun 2018.
Hindustan Times, Jun 2018. Other cantonments *

Buria Buria is a small town and earlier was a municipal committee now the part of Yamunanagr Nagar nigam situated on the banks of the Western Yamuna Canal approximately from the city of Jagadhri and 8 km from Jagadhri railway station. History ...

cantonment of Sikh ruler during British colonial rule *

Bahadurgarh Bahadurgarh is a city, nearby Jhajjar, is located in Jhajjar district in the Indian state of Haryana. The city comprises 31 wards and is approximately 21 km from National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi and 31 km from Jhajjar, the district headq ...

state cantonment of nawab during British colonial rule * Balramgarh state cantonment ofRaja

Nahar Singh Raja Nahar Singh (died 1858) was a Jat Ruler of the princely state of Ballabhgarh in Faridabad District of Haryana, India . He fought The East India Company in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The small kingdom of Ballabhgarh is only 20 miles f ...

during British colonial rule *

cantonment of nawab during British colonial rule *

Jind State Jind State (also spelled Jhind State) was a princely state located in the Punjab region of north-western India. The state was in area and its annual income was Rs.3,000,000 in the 1940s. Jind was founded and ruled by Jat Sikh rulers of Sidhu c ...

cantonment of nawab Sikh ruler at

during British colonial rule * Kalsia cantonment ofSikh ruler during British colonial rule * Kapurthala State (Narwana cantonment) of Phulkian Sikh Raja *

Loharu State Loharu State was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. It was part of the Punjab States Agency and was a nine-gun salute state. Loharu State encompassed an area of , and was situated in the south-east corner ...

cantonment of nawab at

during British colonial rule

Polity

Vedic era

=Mahajanapadas

= Following Mahajanapadas are mentioned in

Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit literature, Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the ''Ramayana, Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the s ...

had their land in Haryana: *

Kuru Kingdom Kuru (Sanskrit: ) was a Vedic Indo-Aryan tribal union in northern Iron Age India, encompassing parts of the modern-day states of Haryana, Delhi, and some parts of western Uttar Pradesh, which appeared in the Middle Vedic period (c. 1200 – c. ...

, most of area of Haryana fell under this kingdom, their main capital in Haryana was at

Swarnprastha Sonipat is a city, municipal corporation and administrative headquarter in Sonipat district of Haryana state of India. It comes under the National Capital Region and is around from New Delhi. It is also around 214 km (128 miles) southwest o ...

(Sonipat), other 3 capital or main cities were Indraprastha (Delhi), Waghparastha (

Baghpat Baghpat is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Bagpat district, which was established in 1997. It is part of the National Capital Region. Etymology The original name of the city was ''Vyaghrap ...

in Uttar Prades) and Tilprastha (

Tilpat Tilpat is a census town in Faridabad district in the Indian state of Haryana that comes under the Capital Region. It is famous for the revolt against Mughals. It also has the Tilpat 1 & 2 ranges of Indian Air Force on the banks of Yamuna.

in Uttar Prades) * Matsya Kingdom, present day

, present day

as part of

region. Ancient Khandavprastha forest mentioned in Mahabharata, lay to the west of

river in modern-day

territory.

Pandavas The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, IAST: Pāṇḍava) refers to the five legendary brothers— Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva—who are the central characters of the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. They are acknowledge ...

cleared this forest to construct their capital city called

Indraprastha Indraprastha (lit. "Plain of Indra" or "City of Indra") is mentioned in ancient Indian literature as a city of the Kuru Kingdom. It was the capital of the kingdom led by the Pandavas mentioned in ''Mahabharata'' . Under the Pali form of its nam ...

. This forest was earlier inhabited by

Naga Naga or NAGA may refer to: Mythology * Nāga, a serpentine deity or race in Hindu, Buddhist and Jain traditions * Naga Kingdom, in the epic ''Mahabharata'' * Phaya Naga, mythical creatures believed to live in the Laotian stretch of the Mekong Riv ...

tribes led by a king named

Takshaka Takshaka (Sanskrit: तक्षक, IAST: Takṣaka) is a Nagaraja in Hinduism and Buddhism. He is mentioned in the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. He is described to be a king of the Nagas. He is one of the sons of Kadru. Takshaka also known i ...

. Arjuna and

cleared this forest by setting up a fire. The inhabitants of this forest were displaced. This was the root cause of the enmity of the Naga Takshaka towards the

kings who ruled from Indraprastha and Hastinapura.

=Janapads

= The list of Janapadas falling within Haryana:

Princely states of late medieval and British colonial era

* States at the time of independence ** With headquarter based in Haryana ***

State of Sikhs *** Dujana State of Nawab ***

of Phulkian Misl Sandhu Sikhs ***

Kunjpura Kunjpura is a village in Karnal district, Haryana (prior to 1966 Punjab state), India, about 10 km northeast of Karnal city and about 130 km north of the national capital, Delhi. It is on the right bank (west bank) of the Yamuna Rive ...

State of Nawab ***

***

Pataudi State Pataudi State was a small princely state in India, established in 1804 during the East India Company rule in India. The state formed a part of the Delhi Territory in the Ceded and Conquered Provinces. It was under the suzerainty of the Commi ...

** With headquarter based outside of Haryana with parts of territory within Haryana *** Kapurthala State of Phulkian Misl Sandhu Sikhs included Narwana ***

Nabha State Nabha State, with its capital at Nabha, was one of the Phulkian princely states of Punjab during the British Raj in India. Nabha was ruled by Jat Sikhs of Sidhu clan. See also *Patiala and East Punjab States Union *Political integration ...

of Phulkian Misl Sandhu Sikhs ***

Malerkotla Malerkotla is a city and district headquarters of Malerkotla district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was the seat of the eponymous princely state during the British Raj. The state acceded to the union of India in 1947 and was merged with ...

State of Nawab ***

Patiala State Patiala State was a self-governing princely state of the British Empire in India, and one of the Phulkian States, that acceded to the Union of India upon Indian independence and partition. Patiala Kingdom/State was founded by Sidhu Jat ...

of Phulkian Misl Sandhu Sikhs included Charkhi Dadri * Abolished states, due to

or for other reasons. ** Rewari State Abolished in 1857. The Last Ruler

was the key instigator of revolt. ** Ballabhgarh State of Tewatias. Abolished after 1857 revolution and Raja

hanged to death by British. ** Charkhi Dadri State **

State of Nawab **

State of Nawab * Abolished states, at other times ** Hansi State of James Skinner and George Thomas **

of Begum Samru **

State of Sikhs of Phulkia

Sidhu Sidhu () is a Punjabi Jat clan found in Punjab.Rania State of Sikhs,

Ranghar Ranghar are a community of Muslim Rajputs in the Indian states of Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh; and in Sindh (Muhajirs) and Punjab in Pakistan. History and origin The Ranghar were classified as an "agricultura ...

s of

Johiya Johiya (also Joiya, Joyia or Joria) is a clan found among the Rajputs of India and Pakistan. Origin The Johiya may be modern-day descendants of the ancient Yaudheya warrior tribe that ruled in some areas of northern India until the period of the ...

and

Bhatti Bhatti () is a clan of Rajputs and Jats found in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Bhattis along with Bhuttos and Bhatias claim to have originated from the Hindu Bhati Rajputs. In the years preceding the Indian rebellion of 1857 the British ...

clans

Religion

Buddhism

Main sites are * Mounds: Agroha Mound,

Sugh Ancient Mound Sugh Ancient Mound, also known as the Ancient Site of Sugh, is located in the village of Amadalpur Dayalgarh, in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana, India. Suryamandir-Tirth in Amadalpur is nearby. Buddhist stupa here is identified with th ...

, *

: Hisar, Fatehabad, Topra Kalan Edicts Museum * Stupas,

pagoda A pagoda is an Asian tiered tower with multiple eaves common to Nepal, India, China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia. Most pagodas were built to have a religious function, most often Buddhist but sometimes Taoist, ...

s and places in the order of travel by Lord

Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha, was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. According to Buddhist tradition, he was born in L ...

: ** From

Mathura Mathura () is a city and the administrative headquarters of Mathura district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located approximately north of Agra, and south-east of Delhi; about from the town of Vrindavan, and from Govardhan. ...

in Uttar Pradesh, Buddha travelled along

Grand Trunk Road The Grand Trunk Road (formerly known as Uttarapath, Sarak-e-Azam, Shah Rah-e-Azam, Badshahi Sarak, and Long Walk) is one of Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For at least 2,500 years it has linked Central Asia to the Indian subcontinent. ...

in Haryana (also see Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Haryana). ** Kamashpura Aastha Pugdal Pagoda (Kumashpur) in Sonipat city, the place where Buddha gave Mahasatipatthana sutta.Dhamma patthana
dhamma.org.Aastha Pugdal Pagoda at Kumaspur (Kamas Nigam in Sonepat
SDBST. ** Kurukshetra Stupa on the banks of sacred

Brahma Sarovar Brahma Sarovar is an ancient water pool sacred to Hinduism in old Kurukshetra city, in the state of Haryana in North India,India. Hinduism lays emphasis on taking bath for internal and external purity. Most religious sites have water poo ...

in Kurukshetra city was also visited by

, * Topra between Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar, now has a large open air museum park housing several replica of

Ashoka Ashoka (, ; also ''Asoka''; 304 – 232 BCE), popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was the third emperor of the Maurya Empire of Indian subcontinent during to 232 BCE. His empire covered a large part of the Indian subcontinent, s ...

's edicts including largest

Ashoka Chakra Ashoka (, ; also ''Asoka''; 304 – 232 BCE), popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was the third emperor of the Maurya Empire of Indian subcontinent during to 232 BCE. His empire covered a large part of the Indian subcontinent, s ...

in the world, original site of Ashokan pillar which was moved to

in Delhi in 1356 CE by Firuz Shah Tughlaq. **

Srughna Srughna, also spelt Shrughna in Sanskrit, or Sughna, Sughana or Sugh in the spoken form, was an ancient city or kingdom of India frequently referred to in early and medieval texts. It was visited by Chinese traveller, Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) in ...

, now known as the

, on outskirts of Yamunanagar city **

Chaneti Buddhist Stupa Chaneti Buddhist Stupa is a 3rd century BC monument protected by the Government of India. The stupa is located in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana, three kilometers east of Jagadhri, and about three kilometers northwest of the archaeological ...

, on outskirts of Yamunanagar city, according to

it was built by the King Ashoka. * Other Stupas: Adi Badri Sharirika stupa, Assandh Kushan stupa

Hinduism

* Adi Badri *

Agroha Dham Agroha is a Hindu temple complex in Agroha of Hisar District, Haryana, India. Construction started in 1976 and was completed in 1984. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Mahalakshmi. History and development Agroha is the historical ...

Baba Thakur Baba Thakur is a temple dedicated to Krishna in Karoli village of Kosli tehsil of Rewari district in Haryana state of India. "Thakur" is another name of Krishna. There was an old temple building on the site which the villagers began to re ...

* Bhima Devi Temple Complex at Pinjore *

Bhuteshwar Temple Bhuteshwar Temple is a Hindu temple, in the series of 48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra, dedicated to Bhuteshwar, a manifestation of Lord Shiva. Situated in Jind, Haryana, the city noted for its countless temples that are devoted to Lord Shiva. ...

Chhapadeshwar Mahadev Mandir Chhapadeshwar Mahadev Mandir is an ancient Shiv Temple located in Kharkhoda, Sonipat district. Each year, on the occasion of Mahashivratri a huge gathering of devotees takes place in the temple . According to the history books it was the part of K ...

* Eklavya temple * Gurugram Bhim Kund *

Jayanti Devi Temple Jayanti Devi Temple lies at Jayanti Majri village hillock, which is 15 km from Chandigarh in Mohali district of Punjab.Pratha SharmaJayanti Devi Temple of Ropar The Forgotten Shivlings of Sati Shaktipeeths. History Etymology Named after Jaya ...

* Jhirkeshwar mahadev *

Kali Mata Temple Kali (; sa, काली, ), also referred to as Mahakali, Bhadrakali, and Kalika ( sa, कालिका), is a Hinduism, Hindu goddess who is considered to be the goddess of ultimate power, time, destruction and change in Shaktism. In t ...

* Kalesar Mahadev *

* Kurukshetra:

48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra The 48 kos parikrama is a parikrama (a circumbabulatory pilgrimage) of various ''Mahabharata''-related and other Vedic-era tirthas (Hindu sacred sites) around the holy city of Kurukshetra in the state of Haryana, India. Associated with Kri ...

Harsh ka Tilla at Kurukshetra,

and

Sannihit Sarovar Sannihit Sarovar is a sacred water reservoir in the Kurukshetra district of Haryana, India. It is believed to be the meeting point of seven sacred Sarasvatis. The ''sarovar'', according to popular belief, contains sacred water. Bathing in the s ...

Kartikeya Temple, Pehowa Kartikeya Temple in Pehowa township of the North Indian state of Haryana is an ancient structure dating back to the 5th century B.C. Kartikeya is a popular Hindu deity in India and is worshiped across the length and breadth of the country. Like ...

* Mata Mansa Devi *

Narnaul Narnaul is a city, a Municipal Council, and location of headquarters of the Mahendragarh district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in the National Capital Region of India. History Narnaul is built on a prominent tell, but th ...

Pindara Temple Pindara or Pandu Pindara Temple is situated at Pindara village about 6.5 km from Jind, Haryana, India. History According to a legend, the Pandavas The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, IAST: Pāṇḍava) refers to the five l ...

Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon Sheetla Mata Temple (; hi, श्री शीतला माता मंदिर , pa, ਸ਼ੀਤਲਾ ਮਾਤਾ ਮੰਦਰ) is a Hindu temple dedicated to the goddess Shitala (Sheetla), wife of Guru Dronacharya who was the t ...

* Sharda Mata *

Sita Mai Temple The Sītā Māī Temple is an ancient structure situated in the village of Sitamai in the Karnal district of Haryana in North India. It is at a distance of 19 kilometers from Nilokheri and lies on one of the alternative routes available to travel ...

Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple The ancient Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva is situated in old Kurukshetra city Kurukshetra district of Haryana, India. It was here that the Pandavas along with Krishna prayed to Shiva and received his blessings for victory ...

Surajkund Surajkund is an ancient reservoir of the 10th century located on Southern Delhi Ridge of Aravalli range in Faridabad city of Haryana state about 8 km (5mi) from South Delhi. Surajkund (literally 'Lake of the Sun') is an artificial Kund (' ...

* Nar Narayan Cave in Yamuna Nagar *

State Protected Monuments This article contains lists of State Protected Monuments of India. Table of monuments The State Protected Monuments are designated by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). The state governments of India are authorised to maintain, protect and ...

Monuments of National Importance This article contains lists of Monuments of National Importance in India. An Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 defines an "Ancient Monument" as follows: A "Monument of National Importance" is designated by the Archaeological Survey o ...

Jainism

* Dehra Temple *

Ranila Jain temple Ranila Jain temple is a Jain temple in Ranila village in the Charkhi Dadri district of Haryana. History Ranila was an important Jain center during the medieval period with royal patronage of Tomara dynasty and Chahamanas dynasty. About te ...

* Agroha * Hansi

Sikhism

Lohgarh Lohgarh is a village in Notified Area Committee of Zirakpur in district Mohali in state of Punjab in India. This is not to be confused with another namesake Lohgarh (Bilaspur) in Haryana which was capital of first Sikh state under Banda Singh ...

* Pehowa

References

External links

Ancient History of HaryanaHarappa Civilization of Haryana
{{DEFAULTSORT:History of Haryana