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''Helvella'' is a
* '' Helvella acetabulum''
* ''
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of ascomycete
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defi ...
fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from th ...
of the family Helvellaceae
The Helvellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi, the best-known members of which are the elfin saddles of the genus '' Helvella''. Originally erected by Elias Magnus Fries in 1823 as ''Elvellacei'', it contained many genera. Several of these, ...
. The mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. ''Toadstool'' generally denotes one poisonous to humans.
The standard for the name "mushroom" is t ...
s, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stem
Stem or STEM may refer to:
Plant structures
* Plant stem, a plant's aboveground axis, made of vascular tissue, off which leaves and flowers hang
* Stipe (botany), a stalk to support some other structure
* Stipe (mycology), the stem of a mushro ...
s, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and in Europe. Well known species include the whitish '' H. crispa'' and the grey '' H. lacunosa''. They have been reported to cause gastrointestinal symptoms when eaten raw.
Description
Species in ''Helvella'' havefruiting bodies
The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruitbody is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cyc ...
(technically ascocarps) that grow above the ground, and usually have stems. The cup-like fruiting body (the ''apothecium'') can assume a variety of forms: it may be shaped like an ear (''auriculate''), or a saddle; it may be convex or irregularly lobed and bent. The spore-bearing surface, the hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some ...
, can be smooth, wavy or wrinkled and can range in color from white to black or various shades of gray or brown. Similarly, the outer surface of the fruiting bodies can be smooth, ribbed, or have minute hairlike projections (''villi''). The stem is cylindrical and tapering or grooved and ribbed. The flesh
Flesh is any aggregation of soft tissues of an organism. Various multicellular organisms have soft tissues that may be called "flesh". In mammals, including humans, ''flesh'' encompasses muscle
Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as mu ...
is usually between 1–2 mm thick.
Species
,Index Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names ( scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ...
accepts 105 species of ''Helvella'':
* '' Helvella acetabulum''
* ''Helvella adhaerens
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America an ...
''
* '' Helvella aestivalis''
* '' Helvella affinis''
* '' Helvella agaricoides''
* '' Helvella albella''
* '' Helvella albipes''
* '' Helvella arcto-alpina''
* '' Helvella astieri''
* '' Helvella aterrima''
* '' Helvella atra''
* '' Helvella beatonii''
* '' Helvella branzeziana''
* '' Helvella brevis''
* ''Helvella brevissima
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* ''Helvella bulbosa
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* '' Helvella capucinoides''
* '' Helvella chinensis''
* ''Helvella cinerella
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* ''Helvella compressa
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* '' Helvella confusa''
* '' Helvella connivens''
* '' Helvella constricta''
* '' Helvella corbierei''
* ''Helvella corium
''Helvella corium'' is a species of fungus in the family Helvellaceae of the order Pezizales. This inedible cup-shaped fungus is black, and grows on the ground often near willows in deciduous or mixed forests. Although it has a fairly wide distr ...
''
* '' Helvella costifera''
* ''Helvella crassitunicata
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* ''Helvella crispa
''Helvella crispa'', also known as the white saddle, elfin saddle or common helvel, is an ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushroom is readily identified by its irregularly shaped whitish cap, fluted stem, and fuzzy undersurf ...
''
* '' Helvella cupuliformis''
* ''Helvella dissingi
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* ''Helvella dovrensis
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* ''Helvella dryophila
''Helvella dryophila'' is a species of fungus in the family Helvellaceae. It is found in western North America, where it associates with oak
An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagacea ...
''
* '' Helvella dura''
* '' Helvella elastica''
* '' Helvella engleriana''
* ''Helvella ephippioides
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* '' Helvella ephippium''
* '' Helvella faulknerae''
* ''Helvella favrei
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* '' Helvella fibrosa''
* '' Helvella flavida''
* '' Helvella foetida''
* '' Helvella fuegiana''
* '' Helvella fusca''
* '' Helvella galeriformis''
* '' Helvella glutinosa''
* ''Helvella griseoalba
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* '' Helvella hegani''
* '' Helvella helvellula''
* '' Helvella hyperborea''
* '' Helvella javanica''
* ''Helvella jiaohensis
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* ''Helvella jilinensis
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* '' Helvella jimsarica''
* '' Helvella juniperi''
* '' Helvella lactea''
* ''Helvella lacunosa
''Helvella lacunosa'', known as the slate grey saddle or fluted black elfin saddle in North America, simply as the elfin saddle in Britain, is an ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. It is one of the most common species in the genus '' ...
''
* '' Helvella latispora''
* '' Helvella leucomelaena''
* ''Helvella leucopus
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* '' Helvella macropus''
* '' Helvella maculata''
* '' Helvella maroccana''
* '' Helvella menzeliana''
* '' Helvella mesatlantica''
* '' Helvella minor''
* '' Helvella monachella''
* '' Helvella oblongispora''
* '' Helvella pallidula''
* '' Helvella papuensis''
* '' Helvella paraphysitorquata''
* '' Helvella pedunculata''
* '' Helvella pezizoides''
* '' Helvella philonotis''
* '' Helvella phlebophora''
* '' Helvella pileata''
* '' Helvella platycephala''
* '' Helvella platypodia''
* ''Helvella pocillum
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* '' Helvella pulchra''
* '' Helvella quadrisulca''
* '' Helvella queletiana''
* ''Helvella queletii
''Helvella queletii'' is a species of fungi in the family Helvellaceae of the order Pezizales
The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. The order contains 16 families, 199 genera, and 1683 spec ...
''
* '' Helvella rivularis''
* '' Helvella robusta''
* '' Helvella rossica''
* '' Helvella schaefferi''
* '' Helvella scrobiculata''
* '' Helvella semiobruta''
* '' Helvella sinensis''
* ''Helvella solida
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North America and i ...
''
* '' Helvella solitaria''
* ''Helvella subfusispora
''Helvella'' is a genus of ascomycete fungus of the family Helvellaceae. The mushrooms, commonly known as elfin saddles, are identified by their irregularly shaped caps, fluted Plant stem, stems, and fuzzy undersurfaces. They are found in North A ...
''
* '' Helvella subglabra''
* '' Helvella taiyuanensis''
* '' Helvella terrestris''
* '' Helvella ulvinenii''
* '' Helvella umbraculiformis''
* '' Helvella underwoodii''
* '' Helvella unicolor''
* '' Helvella vacini''
* '' Helvella verruculosa''
* ''Helvella vespertina
''Helvella vespertina'' is a species of fungus in the family Helvellaceae. It is found in Western North America under conifers. Some specimens have a white moldy appearance, having been colonised by the parasitic Ascomycete fungus ''Hypomyces cer ...
''
* '' Helvella xinjiangensis''
* '' Helvella zhongtiaoensis''
See also
* Elfin saddleReferences
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1514169 Pezizales genera