''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'' (; ), called in English ''Poliphilo's Strife of Love in a Dream'' or ''The Dream of Poliphilus'', is a book said to be by Francesco Colonna. It is a famous example of an incunable (a work of early printing). The work was first published in 1499 in
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...
by Aldus Manutius. This first edition has an elegant page layout, with refined
woodcut
Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas tha ...
illustrations in an
Early Renaissance
Renaissance art (1350 – 1620 AD) is the painting, sculpture, and decorative arts of the period of European history known as the Renaissance, which emerged as a distinct style in Italy in about AD 1400, in parallel with developments which occ ...
style. ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'' presents a mysterious arcane allegory in which the main protagonist, Poliphilo, pursues his love, Polia, through a dreamlike landscape. In the end, he is reconciled with her by the "Fountain of Venus".
History
The ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'' was printed by Aldus Manutius in
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...
in December 1499. The author of the book is anonymous. However, an acrostic formed by the first, elaborately decorated letter in each chapter in the original Italian reads "POLIAM FRATER FRANCISCVS COLVMNA PERAMAVIT", which means "Brother Francesco Colonna has dearly loved Polia". Despite this clue, the book has also been attributed to
Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti (; 14 February 1404 – 25 April 1472) was an Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer; he epitomised the nature of those identified now as polymaths. H ...
, and earlier, to
Lorenzo de Medici
Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (; 1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492) was an Italian statesman, banker, ''de facto'' ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Also known as Lorenzo ...
. Manutius himself claimed that the author was a different Francesco Colonna, a wealthy
Roman governor
A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many Roman province, provinces constituting the Roman Empire.
The generic term in Roman legal language was ''Re ...
Sandro Botticelli
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi ( – May 17, 1510), known as Sandro Botticelli (, ), was an Italian Renaissance painting, Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th cent ...
.
The subject matter of the book lies within the tradition (or
genre
Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other for ...
) of the
Romance
Romance (from Vulgar Latin , "in the Roman language", i.e., "Latin") may refer to:
Common meanings
* Romance (love), emotional attraction towards another person and the courtship behaviors undertaken to express the feelings
* Romance languages, ...
. It follows the conventions of courtly love, which in 1499 continued to provide engaging thematic matter for the
Quattrocento
The cultural and artistic events of Italy during the period 1400 to 1499 are collectively referred to as the Quattrocento (, , ) from the Italian word for the number 400, in turn from , which is Italian for the year 1400. The Quattrocento encom ...
aristocrats. The ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'' also draws from
Renaissance humanism
Renaissance humanism was a revival in the study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. During the period, the term ''humanist'' ( it, umanista) referred to teache ...
where arcane writings are a demonstration of classical thought.
The text of the book is written in a bizarre
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
ate
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
. Without explanation, the text is full of words based on Latin and
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
roots
A root is the part of a plant, generally underground, that anchors the plant body, and absorbs and stores water and nutrients.
Root or roots may also refer to:
Art, entertainment, and media
* ''The Root'' (magazine), an online magazine focusing ...
. The book, however, also includes words from the Italian language and illustrations which include
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
and
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
words. Moreover, Colonna would invent new forms of language when those available to him were inaccurate. The book also contains some uses of
Egyptian
Egyptian describes something of, from, or related to Egypt.
Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to:
Nations and ethnic groups
* Egyptians, a national group in North Africa
** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of years of ...
hieroglyph
A hieroglyph ( Greek for "sacred carvings") was a character of the ancient Egyptian writing system. Logographic scripts that are pictographic in form in a way reminiscent of ancient Egyptian are also sometimes called "hieroglyphs". In Neoplatoni ...
s, but they are not authentic. Most of them have been drawn from a
late antique
Late antiquity is the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, generally spanning the 3rd–7th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin. The popularization of this periodization in English has ...
text of dubious origin called '' Hieroglyphica''.
The ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'', set in 1467, consists of a series of precious and elaborate scenes involving the title character, Poliphilo ("friend of many things" from the Greek words ''poly-'' meaning "many" and ''philos'' meaning "friend"). In these scenes, Poliphilo wanders a
bucolic
A pastoral lifestyle is that of shepherds herding livestock around open areas of land according to seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture. It lends its name to a genre of literature, art, and music ( pastorale) that depic ...
-classical dreamland in search of his love, Polia ("many things"). The author's style is elaborately descriptive and unsparing in its use of superlatives. The text makes frequent references to classical geography and mythology, mostly by way of comparison.
The book has long been sought after as one of the most beautiful incunabula ever printed. The
typography
Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing ( leading), ...
is famous for its quality and clarity. Its roman typeface, cut by
Francesco Griffo Francesco Griffo (1450–1518), also called Francesco da Bologna, was a fifteenth-century Italian punchcutter. He worked for Aldus Manutius, designing the printer's more important humanist typefaces, including the first italic type. He cut Roman, ...
, is a revised version of a type which Aldus had first used in 1496 for the ''De Aetna'' of Pietro Bembo. The type is thought to be one of the first examples of the roman typeface, and in incunabula, it is unique to the Aldine Press. The type was revived by the Monotype Corporation in 1923 as "Poliphilus". In 1929,
Stanley Morison
Stanley Arthur Morison (6 May 1889 – 11 October 1967) was a British typographer, printing executive and historian of printing. Largely self-educated, he promoted higher standards in printing and an awareness of the best printing and typefaces o ...
directed another revival of the earlier version of Griffo's type. It was called "
Bembo
Bembo is a serif typeface created by the British branch of the Monotype Corporation in 1928–1929 and most commonly used for body text. It is a member of the " old-style" of serif fonts, with its regular or roman style based on a design cut ar ...
".
The ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'' is illustrated with 168 exquisite
woodcut
Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas tha ...
s showing the scenery, architectural settings, and some of the characters Poliphilo encounters in his dreams. They depict scenes from Poliphilo's adventures and the architectural features over which the author rhapsodizes, in a simultaneously stark and ornate
line art
Line art or line drawing is any image that consists of distinct straight lines or curves placed against a background (usually plain), without gradations in shade (darkness) or hue (color) to represent two-dimensional or three-dimensional objec ...
style. This integrates perfectly with the type, an example of typographic art.
The illustrations are interesting because they shed light on the
Renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas ...
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
and
Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
antiquities. In the United States, a book on the life and works of Aldus Manutius by Helen Barolini was set within pages that reproduce all the illustrations and many of the full pages from the original work, reconstructing the original layout.
The psychologist
Carl Jung
Carl Gustav Jung ( ; ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, phi ...
admired the book, believing the dream images presaged his theory of
archetypes
The concept of an archetype (; ) appears in areas relating to behavior, historical psychology, and literary analysis.
An archetype can be any of the following:
# a statement, pattern of behavior, prototype, "first" form, or a main model that ...
. The style of the woodcut illustrations had a great influence on late nineteenth century English illustrators, such as
Aubrey Beardsley
Aubrey Vincent Beardsley (21 August 187216 March 1898) was an English illustrator and author. His black ink drawings were influenced by Japanese woodcuts, and depicted the grotesque, the decadent, and the erotic. He was a leading figure in the ...
,
Walter Crane
Walter Crane (15 August 184514 March 1915) was an English artist and book illustrator. He is considered to be the most influential, and among the most prolific, children's book creators of his generation and, along with Randolph Caldecott and Ka ...
, and
Robert Anning Bell
Robert Anning Bell (14 April 1863 – 27 November 1933) was an English artist and designer.
Early life
Robert Anning Bell was born in London on 14 April 1863, the son of Robert George Bell, a cheesemonger, and Mary Charlotte Knight. He studied ...
.
In 1592, in a
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
edition, "R. D." (who is believed to be
Robert Dallington
Sir Robert Dallington (1561–1637) was an English courtier, travel writer and translator, and master of the London Charterhouse.
Life
Dallington was born at Geddington, Northamptonshire. He entered Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and was ther ...
) partially translated the ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili''. Here, it was given its best known English title, ''The Strife of Love in a Dream''.Robert Dallington resumed(1592), ''The Strife of Love in a Dream''. In 1890 a limited (500 copies) edition of the first book was published by David Nutt in the Strand. This was edited by Andrew Laing Online version at the Internet Archive, accessed on 2010-02-08. In 1999, a first complete English translation by musicologist
Joscelyn Godwin
Joscelyn Godwin (born 16 January 1945 at Kelmscott, Oxfordshire, England) is a composer, musicologist, and translator, known for his work on ancient music, paganism, and music in the occult.
Biography
He was educated as a chorister at Chris ...
was published.Joscelyn Godwin (transl.) (1999), ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, the Strife of Love in a Dream'', a modern English translation, set in the Poliphilus typeface. Thames & Hudson. . Paperback edition published in 2005. However his translation uses standard, modern language, rather than following the original text's pattern of coining and borrowing words.
Since the 500th anniversary in 1999, several other modern translations have been published. These include a translation into modern Italian as part of the (volume 1: fac-simile; volume 2: translation, introductory essays and more than 700 pages of
commentary
Commentary or commentaries may refer to:
Publications
* ''Commentary'' (magazine), a U.S. public affairs journal, founded in 1945 and formerly published by the American Jewish Committee
* Caesar's Commentaries (disambiguation), a number of works ...
) edition by Marco Ariani and Mino Gabriele; into Spanish by Pilar Pedraza Martínez; into Dutch with one volume of
commentary
Commentary or commentaries may refer to:
Publications
* ''Commentary'' (magazine), a U.S. public affairs journal, founded in 1945 and formerly published by the American Jewish Committee
* Caesar's Commentaries (disambiguation), a number of works ...
by Ike Cialona; into German, with
commentary
Commentary or commentaries may refer to:
Publications
* ''Commentary'' (magazine), a U.S. public affairs journal, founded in 1945 and formerly published by the American Jewish Committee
* Caesar's Commentaries (disambiguation), a number of works ...
inserted into the text, by Thomas Reiser; and partly into Polish by Anna Klimkiewicz.
A complete Russian translation by the art historian Boris Sokolov is now in progress, of which the "Cythera Island" part was published in 2005 and is available online. The book is planned as a precise reconstruction of the original layout, with Cyrillic types and typography by Sergei Egorov.
Ten of the monuments described in the ''Hypnerotomachia'' were reconstructed with
computer graphics
Computer graphics deals with generating images with the aid of computers. Today, computer graphics is a core technology in digital photography, film, video games, cell phone and computer displays, and many specialized applications. A great de ...
and were first published by Esteban A. Cruz in 2006 and in 2012. In 2007, Cruz established a full, design-study project ''Formas Imaginisque Poliphili'', an ongoing independent research project with the objective of reconstructing the content of the ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'', through a multi-disciplinary approach, and with the aid of virtual and traditional reconstruction technology and methods.
Plot summary
The book begins with Poliphilo, who is spending a restless dream-filled night because his beloved, Polia, has shunned him. Poliphilo is transported into a wild forest, where he becomes lost, encounters dragons, wolves and maidens and a large variety of architectural forms. He escapes, and falls asleep once more.
He then awakens in a second dream, a dream within the first. He is taken by
nymphs
A nymph ( grc, νύμφη, nýmphē, el, script=Latn, nímfi, label=Modern Greek; , ) in ancient Greek folklore is a minor female nature deity. Different from Greek goddesses, nymphs are generally regarded as personifications of nature, are ...
to meet their queen, and there he is asked to declare his love for Polia, which he does. He is then directed by two nymphs to three gates. He chooses the third, and there he discovers his beloved. They are taken by some more nymphs to a temple to be engaged. Along the way they come across five triumphal processions celebrating their union. They are then taken to the island of Cythera by barge, on which Cupid is the
boatswain
A boatswain ( , ), bo's'n, bos'n, or bosun, also known as a deck boss, or a qualified member of the deck department, is the most senior rate of the deck department and is responsible for the components of a ship's hull. The boatswain supervise ...
. On Cythera, they see another triumphal procession celebrating their union. The narrative is interrupted, and assumed by a second voice, as Polia describes Poliphilo's
erotomania
Erotomania, also known as de Clérambault's Syndrome, named after French psychiatrist Gaëtan Gatian de Clérambault, is listed in the DSM-5 as a subtype of a delusional disorder. It is a relatively uncommon paranoid condition that is character ...
from her own point of view.
Poliphilo then resumes his narrative (from one-fifth of the way through the book). Polia rejects Poliphilo, but Cupid appears to her in a vision and compels her to return and kiss Poliphilo, who has fallen into a deathlike swoon at her feet. Her kiss revives him. Venus blesses their love, and Poliphilo and Polia are united at last. As Poliphilo is about to take Polia into his arms, Polia vanishes into thin air and Poliphilo wakes up.
Gallery
Image:hypnero.png, Poliphilo kneels before Queen Eleuterylida
Image:Hypneroto2.jpg, Two pages of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
Image:HypnerotomachiaPoliphili0018.jpg, Page of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
Image:Hypnerotomachia Poliphili pag055.jpg, Magna Porta
Image:Hypnérotomachie - éd. Martin - p28r.jpeg, Fountain of a
puer mingens
A puer mingēns (; plural puerī mingentēs ) is a figure in a work of art depicted as a prepubescent boy in the act of urinating, either actual or simulated. The puer mingens could represent anything from whimsy and boyish innocence to erotic sym ...
Allusions/references in other works
* The book is briefly mentioned in ''The Histories of
Gargantua and Pantagruel
''The Life of Gargantua and of Pantagruel'' (french: La vie de Gargantua et de Pantagruel) is a pentalogy of novels written in the 16th century by François Rabelais, telling the adventures of two giants, Gargantua ( , ) and his son Pantagruel ...
'' (1532 - 1534) by François Rabelais. He writes, "Far otherwise did heretofore the sages of Egypt, when they wrote by letters, which they called hieroglyphics, which none understood who were not skilled in the virtue, property, and nature of the things represented by them. Of which Orus Apollon hath in Greek composed two books, and Polyphilus, in his Dream of Love, set down more". (Book 1, chapter 9)
*
Liane Lefaivre
Liane Lefaivre, a Canadian and an Austrian, is o-Professor (Professor Ordinaria, that is with a chair and tenure) of Architectural History and Theory at the University of Applied Art in Vienna Austria, now retired.
Background
Lefaivre completed ...
and other scholars regard the 16th century
Gardens of Bomarzo
The Sacro Bosco ("Sacred Grove"), colloquially called Park of the Monsters (Parco dei Mostri in Italian), also named Garden of Bomarzo, is a Mannerism, Mannerist monumental complex located in Bomarzo, in the province of Viterbo, in northern Lazio, ...
to be illustrations of the ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili''.
* In the preface to her first novel, ''Ibrahim ou l'illustre bassa'' (1641),
Madeleine de Scudéry
Madeleine de Scudéry (15 November 1607 – 2 June 1701), often known simply as Mademoiselle de Scudéry, was a French writer.
Her works also demonstrate such comprehensive knowledge of ancient history that it is suspected she had received inst ...
advises novelists to avoid ornate descriptions like "Poliphile in his dreams, who hath set down most strange terms" (1652 English translation).
* ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: Re-Discovering Antiquity Through The Dreams Of Poliphilus'' (2007) by Esteban Alejandro Cruz features more than fifty original colour reconstructions of the architecture and topiary gardens of eight monuments described in the ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili''. They are titled, "A Great Pyramid", "A Great Hippodromus", "An Elephant bearing an Obelisk", "A Monument to the Un-Happy Horse", "The Grand Arch", "The Palace and Gardens of Queen Eleutirillide (Liberty)", "The Temple to Venus Physizoa", and "The Polyandrion (Cemetery of Lost Loves)".
* ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: An Architectural Vision from the First Renaissance'' (2012) by Esteban Alejandro Cruz, with more than 160 colour reconstructions, revising the previous monuments from his first book, and adding a few others: "The Bath of the Five Nymphs", "A Majestic Bridge", "A Fountain Dedicated to the Mother of all Things", "An Ancient Port", and "The Displuvium Garden and its "Curious" Obelisk".
* ''Polyphilo: or The Dark Forest Revisited - An Erotic Epiphany of Architecture'' (1992) is a modern re-writing of Polyphilo's tale by
Alberto Pérez-Gómez Alberto Pérez-Gómez (born 24 December 1949) is an architectural historian and theorist known for taking a phenomenological approach to architecture. He lives in Montreal.
Biography
Born December 24, 1949, in Mexico City he graduated as an eng ...
. Perez-Gomez has included a non-fictional preface which introduces the ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili''.
* ''Gypnerotomahiya'' (''Гипнэротомахия'', 1992) is an eight-minute Russian animation directed by Andrey Svislotskiy of Pilot Animation Studio loosely based on the novel.
* The 1993 novel, ''
The Club Dumas
''The Club Dumas'' (original Spanish title ''El Club Dumas'') is a 1993 novel by Arturo Pérez-Reverte. The book is set in a world of antiquarian booksellers, echoing his previous 1990 work, '' The Flanders Panel''.
The story follows the adventu ...
'' by
Arturo Pérez-Reverte
Arturo Pérez-Reverte Gutiérrez (born 25 November 1951 in Cartagena) is a Spanish novelist and journalist. He worked as a war correspondent for RTVE for 21 years (1973–1994). His first novel, ''El húsar'', set in the Napoleonic Wars, was ...
mentions the 1545 edition of the ''Hypnerotomachia'' (chapter 3). The book is again mentioned in Polanski's 1999 film, ''
The Ninth Gate
''The Ninth Gate'' is a 1999 neo-noir horror thriller film directed, produced, and co-written by Roman Polanski. An international co-production between the United States, Portugal, France, and Spain, the film is loosely based upon Arturo Pérez ...
'', based loosely on Pérez-Reverte's novel (this time, by its Italian title, ''La Hypnerotomachia di Poliphilo'').
* The title and many themes of John Crowley's 1994 novel, '' Love and Sleep'' (part of his ''
Ægypt
''Ægypt '' is a fantasy tetralogy written by American author John Crowley. The series describes the life and work of Pierce Moffett, a history professor who prepares a manuscript for publication even as it prepares him for some as-yet unknown ...
'' series) were derived from the ''Hypnerotomachia''.
* Geerten Meijsing's 2000 novel, ''Dood meisje'' refers in many ways to the ''Hypnerotomachia''.
* In the 2004 novel, ''
The Rule of Four
:''This article relates to the 2004 novel. For the legal practice, see Rule of four''.
The Rule of Four is a novel written by the American authors Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason, and published in 2004. Caldwell, a Princeton University graduate ...
'' by
Ian Caldwell
Ian Mackinnon Caldwell is an American novelist known for co-authoring the 2004 novel '' The Rule of Four''. His second book, ''The Fifth Gospel'', was published in 2015.
Personal life
Caldwell was born and raised in Fairfax County, Virginia dur ...
and
Dustin Thomason
Dustin Thomason (born 1976) is an American writer and producer who co-authored the ''New York Times'' bestselling historical fiction novel '' The Rule of Four'' with Ian Caldwell.
Novels
Thomason began his career as a novelist. He is a co-autho ...
, two students try to decode the mysteries of ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili''.
*
Umberto Eco
Umberto Eco (5 January 1932 – 19 February 2016) was an Italian medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, novelist, cultural critic, and political and social commentator. In English, he is best known for his popular 1980 novel ''The Name of th ...
's 2004 novel, ''
The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana
''The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana'' (original Italian title: ''La Misteriosa Fiamma della Regina Loana'') is a novel by the Italian writer Umberto Eco. It was first published in Italian in 2004, and an English language translation by Geoffrey ...
'' features a protagonist whose doctoral thesis was written on the ''Hypnerotomachia''.
*
’s novel Gun Island revolves around a rare books dealer who tries to solve an enigma related to the routes between Venice and India. The Hypnerotomachia is part of the mystery.
* In Mary Lambert and Jeff Carpenter’s short animated film ''Rapid Eye Movements '' (1977) Poliphilo appears as a disaffected hotshot filmmaker who is beckoned through a nightlife dreamscape by the mysterious Polia.
* The German composer Alexander Moosbrugger took the text of his 2021 opera ''Wind'', staging the search of Poliphilo for Polia, from the ''Hypnerotomachia's'' German translation by Thomas Reiser and the English one by
Joscelyn Godwin
Joscelyn Godwin (born 16 January 1945 at Kelmscott, Oxfordshire, England) is a composer, musicologist, and translator, known for his work on ancient music, paganism, and music in the occult.
Biography
He was educated as a chorister at Chris ...
Blunt, Anthony
Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), styled Sir Anthony Blunt KCVO from 1956 to November 1979, was a leading British art historian and Soviet spy.
Blunt was professor of art history at the University of London, dire ...
, "The Hypnerotomachia Poliphili in Seventeenth Century France", Journal of Warburg and Courtauld, October 1937
* Fiertz-David, Linda. ''The Dream of Poliphilo: The Soul in Love'', Spring Publications, Dallas, 1987 (Bollingen Lectures).
* Gombrich, E.H., ''Symbolic Images'', Phaidon, Oxford, 1975, "Hypnerotomachiana".
* Lefaivre, Liane. ''Leon Battista Alberti's ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'': Re-cognizing the architectural body in the early Italian Renaissance''. Cambridge, Massachusetts .a. MIT Press 1997. .
* Pérez-Gómez, Alberto. ''Polyphilo or The Dark Forest Revisited: An Erotic Epiphany of Architecture.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press 1992. , Introduction by Alberto Pérez-Gómez.
* Schmeiser, Leonhard. ''Das Werk des Druckers. Untersuchungen zum Buch'' Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. Maria Enzersdorf: Edition Roesner 2003. , Austrian philosopher argues for Aldus Manutius' authorship.
* Tufte, Edward. Chapter i Beautiful Evidence * Cruz, Esteban Alejandro, ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: Re-discovering Antiquity Through the Dreams of Poliphilus'' Victoria: Trafford Publishing, 2006. . Artist reconstructions of the architecture and landscapes described by Poliphilus during his amorous quest through Antiquity.
* Cruz, Esteban Alejandro, "Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: An Architectural Vision from the First Renaissance" London: Xlibris Publishing, 2012. VOL 1: 978-1-4628-7247-3, VOL 2: 978-1-4771-0069-1. A second book of what seems to become a series of publications on the subject.
MIT Press
The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (United States). It was established in 1962.
History
The MIT Press traces its origins back to 1926 when MIT publish ...
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...
Cary Graphic Arts Collection
The Cary Graphic Arts Collection is a library and archive of books, type specimens, manuscripts, documents, and artifacts related to the history of graphical communication. Located in Wallace Library at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), ...
Herzog August Bibliothek
The Herzog August Library (german: link=no, Herzog August Bibliothek — "HAB"), in Wolfenbüttel, Lower Saxony, known also as ''Bibliotheca Augusta'', is a library of international importance for its collection from the Middle Ages and ear ...
Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks."
It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital libr ...
Glasgow University
, image = UofG Coat of Arms.png
, image_size = 150px
, caption = Coat of arms
Flag
, latin_name = Universitas Glasguensis
, motto = la, Via, Veritas, Vita
, ...
Library's Special Collections Department
Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on ''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'' (see index)