Hyainailourinae ("

hyena Hyenas, or hyaenas (from Ancient Greek , ), are feliform carnivoran mammals of the family Hyaenidae . With only four extant species (each in its own genus), it is the fifth-smallest family in the Carnivora and one of the smallest in the clas ...

cats The cat (''Felis catus'') is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is commonly referred to as the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from the wild members of t ...

") is an

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

subfamily of hyainailourid hyaenodonts that lived in Africa, Asia,

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene.

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

* Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae ^{(paraphyletic

In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...
subfamily)} ** Genus: †''

Megistotherium ''Megistotherium'' ("greatest beast") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Africa. Etymology The name of this genus comes and . The name of species ''Megistotherium osteo ...

'' *** †''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' ** Genus: †'' Mlanyama'' *** †''Mlanyama sugu'' ** Genus: †'' Orienspterodon'' *** †''Orienspterodon dahkoensis'' ** Genus: †'' Pakakali'' *** †''Pakakali rukwaensis'' ** Genus: †'' Simbakubwa'' *** †''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' ** (unranked): †''Akhnatenavus'' clade *** Genus: †'' Akhnatenavus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus leptognathus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon'' *** Genus: †'' Hemipsalodon'' **** †''Hemipsalodon grandis'' **** †''Hemipsalodon viejaensis'' *** Genus: †'' Ischnognathus'' **** †''Ischnognathus savagei'' ** Tribe: †

Hyainailourini Hyainailourini ("hyena-cats") is an extinct polyphyletic tribe of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Africa, Asia and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phyloge ...

^{( polyphyletic tribe)} *** Genus: †''

Exiguodon ''Exiguodon'' ("strict tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae. Remains are known from early Miocene deposits in Kenya and Uganda, in ...

'' **** †''Exiguodon pilgrimi'' *** Genus: †'' Falcatodon'' **** †''Falcatodon schlosseri'' *** Genus: †'' Hyainailouros'' ^{(polyphyletic genus)} **** †''Hyainailouros bugtiensis'' **** †''Hyainailouros napakensis'' **** †''Hyainailouros sulzeri'' *** Genus: †'' Parapterodon'' **** †''Parapterodon lostangensis'' *** Genus: †''

Sectisodon ''Sectisodon'' ("cutting tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae from early Oligocene to early Miocene deposits in Egypt and Uganda. ...

'' **** †''Sectisodon markgrafi'' **** †''Sectisodon occultus'' *** Genus: †''

Sivapterodon ''Sivapterodon'' ("Shiva's '' Pterodon''") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Pakistan during the middle Miocene The Mio ...

'' **** †''Sivapterodon lahirii'' *** Subtribe: † Isohyaenodontina ^{(polyphyletic subtribe)} **** Genus: †'' Isohyaenodon'' ^{(polyphyletic genus)} ***** †''Isohyaenodon andrewsi'' ***** †''Isohyaenodon zadoki'' *** (unranked): †''Pterodon'' clade **** Genus: †'' Kerberos'' ***** †''Kerberos langebadreae'' **** Subtribe: † Pterodontina ***** Genus: †'' Pterodon'' ****** †''Pterodon dasyuroides'' **** '' Incertae sedis'': ***** †'' "Pterodon" syrtos'' *** '' Incertae sedis'': **** †'' "Pterodon" africanus'' **** †'' "Pterodon" phiomensis'' **** † ''"Pterodon"'' sp. 'DPC 5036'' ** Tribe: † Leakitheriini *** Genus: †'' Leakitherium'' **** †''Leakitherium hiwegi'' ** Tribe: † Metapterodontini *** Genus: †'' Metapterodon'' **** †''Metapterodon brachycephalus'' **** †''Metapterodon kaiseri'' **** †''Metapterodon stromeri'' ** Tribe: † Paroxyaenini *** Genus: †'' Paroxyaena'' **** †''Paroxyaena galliae'' **** †''Paroxyaena pavlovi'' ** '' Incertae sedis'': *** † ''"Pterodon"'' sp. 'BC 15’08'' *** † Hyainailourinae sp. 'GSN AD 100’96'' *** † Hyainailourinae sp. 'UON 84-359'' *** † Hyainailourinae sp. A 'DPC 6555'' *** † Hyainailourinae sp. C 'DPC 9243'' & ''DPC 10315'' *** † Hyainailourinae sp. D 'DPC 6545''

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of subfamily Hyainailourinae are shown in the following cladogram:

References

{{Hyaenodonta Hyaenodonts Cenozoic mammals of Africa Cenozoic mammals of Asia Cenozoic mammals of Europe Cenozoic mammals of North America