The Hualapai (, , yuf-x-wal, Hwalbáy) is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Arizona with about 2300 enrolled members. Approximately 1353 enrolled members reside on the Hualapai Reservation, which spans over three counties in Northern Arizona (
Coconino,
Yavapai
The Yavapai are a Native American tribe in Arizona. Historically, the Yavapai – literally “people of the sun” (from ''Enyaava'' “sun” + ''Paay'' “people”) – were divided into four geographical bands who identified as separate, i ...
, and
Mohave).
The name, meaning "people of the tall pines", is derived from , the
Hualapai
The Hualapai (, , yuf-x-wal, Hwalbáy) is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Arizona with about 2300 enrolled members. Approximately 1353 enrolled members reside on the Hualapai Reservation, which spans over three counties in Nort ...
word for
ponderosa pine
''Pinus ponderosa'', commonly known as the ponderosa pine, bull pine, blackjack pine, western yellow-pine, or filipinus pine is a very large pine tree species of variable habitat native to mountainous regions of western North America. It is the ...
[The Hualapai Tribe Website](_blank)
Accessed 2020-01-16 and "people". Their traditional territory is a stretch along the pine-clad southern side of the
Grand Canyon and the
Colorado River
The Colorado River ( es, Río Colorado) is one of the principal rivers (along with the Rio Grande) in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. s ...
with the tribal capital at
Peach Springs
, native_name_lang = hu
, settlement_type = Census-designated place
, image_skyline = Peach Springs-John Osterman Shell Gas Station-1929.jpg
, imagesize =
, image_caption = John Osterman Shell ...
. Other communities on the reservation include
Valentine and
Grand Canyon West.
Government
![Hualapai havasupai res](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Hualapai_havasupai_res.png)
The Hualapai tribe is a sovereign nation and governed by an executive and judicial branch and a tribal council. The tribe provides a variety of social, cultural, educational and economic services to its members.
Language
The
Hualapai language
The Hualapai (, , yuf-x-wal, Hwalbáy) is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Arizona with about 2300 enrolled members. Approximately 1353 enrolled members reside on the Hualapai Reservation, which spans over three counties in Nort ...
is a
Pai branch of the
Yuman–Cochimí languages
The Yuman–Cochimí languages are a family of languages spoken in Baja California, northern Sonora, southern California, and western Arizona. Cochimí is no longer spoken as of the late 18th century, and most other Yuman languages are threatene ...
, also spoken by the closely related
Havasupai
The Havasupai people (Havasupai: ''Havsuw' Baaja'') are an American Indian tribe who have lived in the Grand Canyon for at least the past 800 years. ''Havasu'' means "blue-green water" and ''pai'' "people".
Located primarily in an area know ...
, and more distantly to
Yavapai people
The Yavapai are a Native American tribe in Arizona. Historically, the Yavapai – literally “people of the sun” (from ''Enyaava'' “sun” + ''Paay'' “people”) – were divided into four geographical bands who identified as separate, i ...
. It is spoken by most people over 30 on the Reservation as well as many young people. The Peach Springs School District runs a successful bilingual program for all local students, both Hualapai and non-Hualapai, in addition to immersion camps.
Reservation
The Hualapai Reservation (), covering , was created by the Presidential
Executive order
In the United States, an executive order is a directive by the president of the United States that manages operations of the federal government. The legal or constitutional basis for executive orders has multiple sources. Article Two of t ...
of
Chester A. Arthur
Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. He previously served as the 20th vice president under President James ...
on January 4, 1883.
History and culture
Ceremonies
Major traditional ceremonies of the Hualapai include the "Maturity" ceremony and the "Mourning" ceremony. Nowadays the modern Sobriety Festival is also celebrated in June.
Afterlife
The souls of the dead are believed to go northwestward to a beautiful land where plentiful harvest grow. This land is believed to be seen only by Hualapai spirits.
Traditional dress
Traditional Hualapai dress consists of full suits of deerskin and rabbit skin robes.
Traditional housing
Conical houses formed from cedar boughs using the single slope form called a
Wikiup.
Reservation life
The Hualapai Reservation was created by executive order in 1883 on lands that just four regional bands considered as part of their home range, like the Yi Kwat Pa'a (Iquad Ba:' – "Peach Springs band") or Ha'kasa Pa'a (Hak saha Ba:' – "Pine Springs band"). The other Hualapai regional bands (including the Havasupai) lived far away from the current reservation land.
Hualapai War
The
Hualapai War (1865–1870) was caused by an increase in traffic through the area on the
Fort Mojave-Prescott Toll Road
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
which elevated tensions and produced armed conflicts between the Hualapai and
European Americans. The war broke out in May 1865, when the Hualapai leader Anasa was killed by a man named Hundertinark in the area of
Camp Willow Grove
Camp may refer to:
Outdoor accommodation and recreation
* Campsite or campground, a recreational outdoor sleeping and eating site
* a temporary settlement for nomads
* Camp, a term used in New England, Northern Ontario and New Brunswick to descri ...
and in March 1866. In response, a man named Clower was killed by the Hualapai, who also closed the route from
Prescott, Arizona
Prescott ( ) is a city in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. According to the 2020 Census, the city's population was 45,827. The city is the county seat of Yavapai County.
In 1864, Prescott was designated as the capital of the Arizona ...
to the
Colorado River
The Colorado River ( es, Río Colorado) is one of the principal rivers (along with the Rio Grande) in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. s ...
ports due to the conflict. The most important and principal Hualapai leaders (called ''Tokoomhet'' or ''Tokumhet'') at that time were:
Wauba Yuba (''Wauba Yuma'' of the ''Yavapai Fighters'' subtribe),
Sherum (''Shrum'' or ''Cherum'' of the ''Ha Emete Pa'a'' i.e. "Cerbat Mountain band" of the ''Middle Mountain People'' subtribe),
Hitchi Hitchi (''Hitchie-Hitchie'' of the ''Plateau People'' subtribe) and
Susquatama (''Sudjikwo'dime'', better known by his nickname
Hualapai Charley, ''Hualapai Charlie'', ''Walapai Charley'' or ''Walapai Charlie'' of the ''Middle Mountain People'' subtribe). It was not until William Hardy and the Hualapai leaders negotiated a peace agreement at
Beale Springs that the raids and the fighting subsided. However, the agreement lasted only nine months when it was broken with the murder of Chief Wauba Yuba near present-day Kingman during a dispute with the
Walker Party
Joseph R. Walker (December 13, 1798 – October 27, 1876) was a mountain man and experienced scout. He established the segment of the California Trail, the primary route for the emigrants to the gold fields during the California gold rush, fr ...
over the treaty.
After the chief's murder, raids by the Hualapai began in full force on mining camps and settlers. The cavalry from
Fort Mojave
Fort Mohave was originally named Camp Colorado when it was established on April 19, 1859 by Lieutenant Colonel William Hoffman during the Mohave War. It was located on the east bank of the Colorado River, at Beale's Crossing, near the head of ...
responded, with the assistance of the
Mohave, by attacking Hualapai rancherias and razing them. The pivotal engagement took place in January 1868, when Captain S.B.M. Young, later joined in by Lt. Johnathan D. Stevenson, surprised the rancheria of Sherum with his more than one hundred warriors. Known as the Battle of Cherum Peak, it lasted all day. Stevenson fell in the first volley. The Hualapai managed to escape, but lost twenty-one warriors, with many more wounded. The Battle broke the military resistance of the Hualapai. The Hualapai began to surrender, as
whooping cough
Whooping cough, also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious bacterial disease. Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or t ...
and
dysentery
Dysentery (UK pronunciation: , US: ), historically known as the bloody flux, is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea. Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. Complications ...
weakened their ranks, on August 20, 1868. They were led by Chief
Leve Leve (''Levi-Levi'', half-brother to Sherum and Hualapai Charley) of the Amat Whala Pa'a (''Mad hwa:la Ba: – "Hualapai Mountains band") of the ''Yavapai Fighters'' subtribe. The warrior Sherum, who was known for his tenacity as a warrior, later surrendered, thus marking the end of the Hualapai Wars in 1870. It is estimated that one-third of the Hualapai people were killed during this war either by the conflict or disease.
Hualapai bands and villages
Ethnically, the
Havasupai
The Havasupai people (Havasupai: ''Havsuw' Baaja'') are an American Indian tribe who have lived in the Grand Canyon for at least the past 800 years. ''Havasu'' means "blue-green water" and ''pai'' "people".
Located primarily in an area know ...
and the Hualapai are one people, although today, they are politically separate groups as the result of U.S. government policy. The Hualapai (''Pa'a'' or ''Pai'') had three subtribes – the ''Middle Mountain People'' in the northwest, ''Plateau People'' in the east, and ''Yavapai Fighter'' in the south (McGuire; 1983). The subtribes were divided into seven bands (Kroeber; 1935, Manners; 1974), which themselves were broken up into thirteen (original fourteen) regional bands or local groups (
Dobyns and Euler; 1970). The local groups were composed of several extended family groups, living in small villages: The Havasupai were one band of the ''Plateau People'' subtribe.
Plateau People
''Ko'audva Kopaya'' ("The People Up Above") included seven bands in the plateau and canyon country mostly east of the Truxton Canyon Wash (with "Qwa'ga-we'/Hackberry Springs") and Grand Wash Cliffs, planted in
Quartermaster Canyon (with "Metipka/Mati'bika Spring"), Meriwhitica Canyon (with "Meriwhitica Spring/Indian Gardens"), Milkweed Canyon (with "Hê'l/Milkweed Springs"), Spencer Canyon (with "Matawidita Spring"), Peach Springs Canyon (with "Yiga't/Lower Peach Springs" and "Hake-takwi'va/Peach Springs proper"),
Diamond Creek Canyon (Gwada), Prospect Canyon, Mohawk Canyon, and National Canyon, they also occupied portion of the eastern
Hualapai Valley
Hualapai Valley is a valley in Mohave County, Arizona.
Location
Hualapai Valley is an endorheic basin and its watershed terminates in the dry lake or playa called Red Lake at an elevation of 2762 feet. It is bounded on the east by the Grand Wash ...
and
Peacock Mountains
The Peacock Mountains are a small, 26 mi (42 km) long mountain range in northwest Arizona, US. The range is a narrow sub-range, and an extension north, at the northeast of the Hualapai Mountains massif, which lies to the southwest. The ran ...
, the Music Mountains, this area include the current Hualapai Reservation, bands listed from west to east:
* Mata'va-kapai ("Northern People")
** Ha Dooba Pa'a / Haduva Ba:' ("Clay Springs band", lived in the
Grand Wash Cliffs
The Grand Wash Cliffs extend south-southeast from the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument in northwest Arizona west of the Shivwits Plateau south through the Grand Cliffs Wilderness and into the Lake Mead Recreation Area. The Grand Wash Cl ...
, Music Mountains and
Aquarius Cliffs
Aquarius may refer to:
Astrology
* Aquarius (astrology), an astrological sign
* Age of Aquarius, a time period in the cycle of astrological ages
Astronomy
* Aquarius (constellation)
* Aquarius in Chinese astronomy
Arts and entertainment ...
, suffered heavy losses during the war.)
** Tanyika Ha' Pa'a / Danyka Ba:' ("Grass Springs band", were largely able to stay away from the fighting.)
Villages (along the edge of the Grand Wash Cliffs): Hadū'ba/Ha'a Dooba ("Clay Springs"), Hai'ya, Hathekáva-kió, Hath'ela/Ha'thi-el ("
alty
Alty is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* James Alty (1939–2022), British computer scientist
* Thomas Alty (1899–1982), Scottish physicist and university administrator
See also
* Ally (name)
* Alti
* Altrincham
Al ...
Spring"), Huwuskót, Kahwāga, Kwa'thekithe'i'ta, Metipka/Mati'bika, Oya'a Nisa ("spider cave"), Oya'a Kanyaja, Tanyika'/Danyka ("Grass Springs")
* Ko'o'u-kapai ("Mesa People")
** Kwagwe' Pa'a / Qwaq We' Ba:' ("
Hackberry ">pringsband" or "Truxton Canyon/Crozier Canyon band", later merged with the "Peach Springs band")
** He'l Pa'a / He:l Ba:' ("Milkweed Springs band", lived from Truxton Canyon (or Crozier Canyon) to Ha'ke-takwi'va ("Peach Springs"), suffered heavy casualties.)
Villages (the largest settlements were near Milkweed Springs and Truxton Canyon): Yokamva (today:
Crozier ">pring an American appellation), Djiwa'ldja, Hak-tala'kava, Haktutu'deva, Hê'l ("Milkweed Springs", was used in particular for the irrigation of tobacco), Katha't-nye-ha', Muketega'de, Qwa'ga-we'/Kwagwe' ("Hackberry Springs"), Sewi', Taki'otha'wa, Wi-kanyo
* Nyav-kapai ("Eastern People") (occupied the
Colorado Plateau and canyon lands, except for the "Peach Springs band" the northeastern local groups – the "Pine Springs band" as well as the later Havasupai – were able to keep away from the fights successfully and thus avoid heavy losses.)
** Yi Kwat Pa'a / Iquad Ba:' ("
ower
Ower is a hamlet in the New Forest district of Hampshire, England. Its nearest towns are Totton – approximately to the southeast, and Romsey – around to the north-east.
Ower lies on the A36 road northwest of Totton. It lies mo ...
Peach Springs band", the present administrative headquarters
Peach Springs (Hàkđugwi:v) of the Hualapai Reserve is located in its former territory, the "Hackberry band" joined the "Peach Springs band" after severe losses)
** Ha'kasa Pa'a / Hak saha Ba:' ("Pine Springs band", also known as "Stinking Water band", joint use areas in the northeastern part of Hualapai territory with the ''Havasooa Pa'a'' band)
** Havasooa Pa'a / Hav'su Ba:' ("Cataract Canyon band", call themselves ''Havasu Baja'' or ''Havsuw' Baaja'' – "People of the Blue Green Water", lived in several groups along
Havasu Creek
Havasu Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Arizona associated with the Havasupai people. It is a tributary to the Colorado River, which it enters in the Grand Canyon.
Stream course and features
Havasu Creek is the second largest tributary ...
in the
Cataract Canyon (Havasu Canyon) and in adjacent valleys of the Grand Canyon, today known as
Havasupai
The Havasupai people (Havasupai: ''Havsuw' Baaja'') are an American Indian tribe who have lived in the Grand Canyon for at least the past 800 years. ''Havasu'' means "blue-green water" and ''pai'' "people".
Located primarily in an area know ...
.)
Villages (not included are that of the Havasupai): Agwa'da, Ha'ke-takwi'va/Haketakwtva/Hàkđugwi:v ("Peach Springs proper", literally: "a series/group of springs"), Haksa', Hānya-djiluwa'ya, Tha've-nalnalwi'dje, Wiwakwa'ga, Wi Kasala ("Many Sharp Points Mountain"), Yiga't/Yi Kwat ("Lower Peach Springs")
Middle Mountain People
''Witoov Mi'uka Pa'a'' ("Separate Mountain Range People") lived west of the ''Plateau People'' subtribe and mostly north of today's city
Kingman, ranged over the
Cerbat and
Black Mountains and portions of the Hualapai,
Detrital
Detritus (; adj. ''detrital'' ) is particles of rock derived from pre-existing rock through weathering and erosion.Essentials of Geology, 3rd Ed, Stephen Marshak, p G-7 A fragment of detritus is called a clast.Essentials of Geology, 3rd Ed, Stephe ...
, and
Sacramento Valleys.
* Soto'lve-kapai ("Western People")
** Wikawhata Pa'a / Wi gahwa da Ba:' ("Red Rock band", lived in the northern part of the area up to
Lake Mead
Lake Mead is a reservoir formed by the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River in the Southwestern United States. It is located in the states of Nevada and Arizona, east of Las Vegas. It is the largest reservoir in the US in terms of water capacity. L ...
and Colorado River in the north, joined the "Cerbat Mountain band" after heavy casualties.)
** Ha Emete Pa'a / Ha'emede: Ba:' (literally: "White Rock Water band", better known as "Cerbat Mountains band", lived in the southern portion of the area, principally in the
Cerbat Mountains (Ha'emede:) north of
Beale's Springs)
Villages (most settlements were near springs along the eastern slopes of each mountain range): Amadata ("Willow Beach" near
Hoover Dam), Chimethi'ap, Ha'a Taba ("Whiskey Springs"), Ha-kamuê'/Ha'a kumawe' ("Beale's Springs"), Ham sipa (near
Temple Bar, flooded by Lake Mead), Háka-tovahádja, Ha'a Kawila, Hamte'/Ha'a Emete/Ha'emede: ("White Rock Water", name of a spring in the Cerbat Mountains), Ha'theweli'-kio', Ivthi'ya-tanakwe, Kenyuā'tci, Kwatéhá, Nyi'l'ta, Quwl'-nye-há, Sava Ha'a ("
Dolan Springs
Dolan Springs is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,989 at the 2020 census, down from 2,033 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Dolan Springs is located in nor ...
"), Sina Ha'a ("Buzzard Spring"), Thawinūya, Tevaha:ja (today: "Canyon Station"), Waika'i'la, Wa-nye-ha'/Wana Ha'a, Wi'ka-tavata'va, Wi-kawea'ta, Winya'-ke-tawasa, Wiyakana'mo
Yavapai Fighters
''Yavapai Fighters'' were the largest group, occupied the southern half of the Hualapai country and were the first to fight the enemy
Yavapai
The Yavapai are a Native American tribe in Arizona. Historically, the Yavapai – literally “people of the sun” (from ''Enyaava'' “sun” + ''Paay'' “people”) – were divided into four geographical bands who identified as separate, i ...
– called by the Hualapai Ji'wha', "The Enemy" – living direct to their south, were almost wiped out during the Hualapai War by fighting, systematic destruction of supplies and fields by the US Army and by famines and diseases erupting thereby, bands listed from west to east:
* Hual'la-pai / Howa'la-pai / Hwa:lbáy ("Tall
Ponderosa Pine
''Pinus ponderosa'', commonly known as the ponderosa pine, bull pine, blackjack pine, western yellow-pine, or filipinus pine is a very large pine tree species of variable habitat native to mountainous regions of western North America. It is the ...
People", "Pinery People")
** Amat Whala Pa'a / Ha Whala Pa'a / Mad hwa:la Ba:' (literally: "Ponderosa Pine Tree Mountain band", better known as "Hualapai Mountains band", inhabited the
Hualapai Mountains
The Hualapai Mountains are a mountain range located in Mohave County, east of Kingman, Arizona. Rising up to 8,417 feet at its highest peak, the higher elevations of the Hualapai Mountains support Madrean Sky Island habitats, and are host to ...
east of present-day Kingman and south of Beale's Springs westward to the Colorado River Valley)
Villages (were concentrated near springs and streams at the northern end of the range):
Walnut Creek
A walnut is the edible seed of a drupe of any tree of the genus ''Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, ''Juglans regia''.
Although culinarily considered a "nut" and used as such, it is not a true bo ...
, Hake-djeka'dja, Ilwi'nya-ha', Kahwa't, Tak-tada'pa
* Kwe'va-kapai / Koowev Kopai ("Southern People")
** Tekiauvla Pa'a / Teki'aulva Pa'a ("Big Sandy River band", also known as "Haksigaela Ba:'", occupied the reach of permanent river flow along the
Big Sandy River between
Wikieup and
Signal
In signal processing, a signal is a function that conveys information about a phenomenon. Any quantity that can vary over space or time can be used as a signal to share messages between observers. The '' IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing' ...
, although ranged over in the adjacent mountain slopes.)
** Burro Creek band (lived on the southern tip of the territory of the ''Tekiauvla Pa'a'' partly in
Upper Burro Creek Wilderness
Upper Burro Creek Wilderness is a 27,440-acre (11,100 ha) wilderness area located in Yavapai and Mohave Counties in the U.S. state of Arizona, approximately 10 miles (16 km) northwest of the town of Bagdad , farmed along streams and throughout canyons and plateaus along both sides of Burro Creek, intermarried oft with adjacent Yavapai – therefore they were oft mistaken by the Americans for Yavapai, joined after the war larger Hualapai local groups and some Yavapai)
Villages: Burro Creek, Chivekaha', Djimwā'nsevio'/Chimwava suyowo' ("Little Cane Springs", literally: "He dragged a
Chemehuevi around."), Ha-djiluwa'ya, Hapu'k/Hapuk/Ha'a pook ("
oferHot Spring"), Kwakwa', Kwal-hwa'ta, Kwathā'wa, Magio'o' ("Francis Creek"), Tak-mi'nva/Takaminva ("Big Cane Springs")
* Hakia'tce-pai ("Mohon Mountain People") also known as "Talta'l-kuwa", occupied rugged mountain country.
** Ha'a Kiacha Pa'a / Ha gi a:ja Ba:' (literally: "Fort Rock Creek band", better known as "Mohon Mountains band" or "Mahone Mountain band", "Fort Rock Creek" is the American appellation of a spring and their main settlement on Fort Rock Creek, headwaters of Trout Creek, lived in the
Mohon Mountains
Mohon (; br, Mozhon) is a Communes of France, commune in the Morbihan Departments of France, department of Brittany (administrative region), Brittany in north-western France. Inhabitants of Mohon are called in French language, French ''Mohonnais' ...
.)
** Whala Kijapa P'a / Hwalgijapa Ba:' ("Juniper Mountains band", lived in the
Juniper Mountains
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Juniperus'' () of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, from the Arcti ...
)
Villages: Cottonwood Creek (or "Cottonwood Station"), Hakeskia'l/Ha'a Kesbial ("where one creek goes into another"), Ha'a Kiacha/Hakia'ch/Hakia'tce ("Fort Rock Creek Spring", main settlement), Ka'nyu'tekwa', Knight Creek, Tha'va-ka-lavala'va, Trout Creek, Willow Creek, Wi-ka-tāva, Witevikivol, Witkitana'kwa
Education
Sections of the Hualapai Reservation in Mohave County are within the
Peach Springs Unified School District
The Peach Springs Unified School District is the school district in Peach Springs, Arizona. It consists of one elementary and middle school; there is no high school in the district, though Peach Springs once did have its own public high school, M ...
and the
Hackberry School District. According to the
Valentine Elementary School District, some Hualapai students go outside of the reservation to that school district.
[ – The address states "Peach Springs, AZ" but the school, as per the page, is in Truxton.] As Peach Springs USD closed its high school (
Music Mountain Junior/Senior High School
Music Mountain Junior/Senior High School is a junior and senior high school grades 7 through 12 in Peach Springs, Arizona, established in 2001 and was closed in 2008. For the 2022/23 school year the school was reopened and is back serving the comm ...
) in 2008, high school students may attend school in the
Kingman Unified School District
The Kingman Unified School District is the school district for Kingman, Arizona and nearby areas. It includes 11 schools.
Owens-Whitney Elementary School District students may choose to attend Kingman USD for high school. Additionally, since 200 ...
or the
Seligman Unified School District
Seligman Unified School District is a school district headquartered in Seligman, Arizona. It includes Seligman Elementary School and Seligman High School.
Since 2008 Peach Springs Unified School District of Peach Springs sends its high school st ...
.
According to Coconino County's parcel viewer, the Hualapai reservation sections in that county are in the "Unorganized School District #00". According to Arizona law, an unorganized school district is one that does not have a high school.
The portion of the Hualapai Reservation in Yavapai County is within the Seligman district.
See also
*
Bat Cave mine
The Bat Cave mine was a bat guano mine in a natural cave located in the western Grand Canyon of Arizona at river mile 266, above Lake Mead.
Mining
The cave was apparently discovered in the 1930s by a passing boater. Several unsuccessful ear ...
*
Grand Canyon Skywalk
The Grand Canyon Skywalk is a horseshoe-shaped cantilever bridge with a glass walkway at Eagle Point in Arizona near the Colorado River on the edge of a side canyon in the Grand Canyon West area of the main canyon.Yost, Mark.Close to the Edge ''W ...
*
Kiowa Gordon
Kiowa Joseph Gordon (born March 25, 1990) is an American actor of Hualapai descent. He is best known for his role as shapeshifter Embry Call in '' The Twilight Saga,'' as well as Junior in the TV series ''The Red Road''.
Early life
Gordon wa ...
, actor in
''New Moon''
Notes
References
Intertribal Council of Arizona (Hualapai)Hualapai Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, ArizonaUnited States Census Bureau
*
Further reading
* Billingsley, G.H. et al. (1999). ''Breccia-pipe and geologic map of the southwestern part of the Hualapai Indian Reservation and vicinity, Arizona''
iscellaneous Investigations Series; Map I-2554 Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
External links
The official Hualapai Tribal websiteGrand Canyon Skywalk news
{{authority control
Native American tribes in Arizona
American Indian reservations in Arizona
Federally recognized tribes in the United States
Grand Canyon
Grand Canyon history
History of Coconino County, Arizona
History of Mohave County, Arizona
Native American history of Arizona
Prescott, Arizona