The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Basic Law Consultative Committee (BLCC; 香港基本法諮詢委員會) was an official body established in 1985 to canvass views in Hong Kong on the drafts of the

Hong Kong Basic Law The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is a national law of China that serves as the organic law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). Comprising nine chapters, 160 ...

Background

The formation of the Consultative Committee was decided at the first meeting of the

Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Basic Law Drafting Committee (BLDC) was formed in June 1985 for the drafts of the Hong Kong Basic Law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) after 1997. It was formed as a working group ...

(BLDC), for consultation with the Hong Kong people on various drafts of the

. The membership of the BLCC was completely consisted of Hong Kong persons. 25 of the Hong Kong members of the Drafting Committee formed a Sponsors Committee to work on the formation of the BLCC. The five BLDC vice-chairmen residing in Hong Kong including

Xu Jiatun Xu Jiatun (; 10 March 1916 – 29 June 2016) was a Chinese politician and dissident. He was the Chinese Communist Party secretary of Jiangsu Province from 1977 to 1983 and the Governor of Jiangsu from 1977 to 1979. After sympathising with the ...

were asked to take up the preparatory work for setting up the BLCC while the

Xinhua News Agency Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: )J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English, or New China News Agency, is the official state news agency of the People's Republic of China. Xinhua ...

provided the necessary assistance. Three of the tycoons on the BLDC provided necessary funds to cover costs. The appointment of Consultative Committee was opposed by some influential members from the business sector in the Drafting Committee, as it introduced an unnecessary degree of democracy and public participation. In the end the BLDC members had considerable influence over the composition and work of the Consultative Committee since they drafted the constitution of the BLCC. After almost six months of preparations, the Consultative Committee was formally established on 18 December 1985. T. K. Ann, chief opponent of the Consultative Committee and vice-chairman of the BLDC was appointed the chair of the BLCC and other members were given key positions through procedures of dubious validity. Mao Junnian, the Secretary General of the BLCC, was subsequently replaced by

Leung Chun-ying Leung Chun-ying (; born 12 August 1954), also known as CY Leung, is a Hong Kong politician and chartered surveyor, who has served as vice-chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference since Ma ...

Composition

The Consultative Committee had 180 members. Some of members were nominated by designated organisations, but most of them were invited directly by the Drafting Committee members, who also vetoed over nominations of the organisations. The BLCC members also included the Senior Unofficial Members of the

Legislative Council of Hong Kong The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (LegCo) is the unicameral legislature of Hong Kong. It sits under China's " one country, two systems" constitutional arrangement, and is the power centre of Hong Ko ...

, Lydia Dunn and of the Executive Council,

Chung Sze-yuen Sir Sze-yuen Chung, (; 3 November 1917 – 14 November 2018), often known as Sir S.Y. Chung, was a Hong Kong politician and businessman who served as a Senior Member of the Executive and Legislative Councils during the 1970s and 1980s in ...

, who were appointed by the British colonial government. It also included a number of social activists who called for a faster pace of democratic reform, such as

Lee Wing-tat Lee Wing-tat (; born 25 December 1955) is a former Member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo), returned by direct election as representative of the New Territories West constituency. He was the former third Chairman of the Democr ...

and

Frederick Fung Frederick Fung Kin-kee, SBS, JP (; born 17 March 1953) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2016 and the former chairman of the pro-democracy Hong Kong Association for Democracy and Pe ...

. The Consultative Committee was criticised of favouring over the conservative business and professional interests, and nominating some key

pro-Beijing The pro-Beijing camp, pro-establishment camp, pro-government camp or pro-China camp refers to a political alignment in Hong Kong which generally supports the policies of the Beijing central government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) t ...

figures.

Lau Chin-shek Lau Chin-shek (born 12 September 1944 in Guangzhou, Guangdong with family root in Shunde, Guangdong) is the President of the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions and a vice Chairman of the Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee. He was bo ...

of the

Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee The Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee ( Chinese: 香港基督教工業委員會, also called as HKCIC) is a non-governmental pressure group that focuses on labor welfare policy and industrial safety. The group was founded in 1966, original ...

was initially nominated by a labour joint conference to stand for selection by was turned down by Xu Jiatun on the ground that "quite a few businessmen in Hong Kong resented him." The Consultative Committee formed eight sub-groups, namely the structure of the Basic Law; the political structure; law; residents' rights and duties; finance, business, and economy; culture, science and technology, education and religion; external affairs; and the relationship between Central Authorities and the Special Administrative Region. Although it was planned to seek the views of Hong Kong residents, groups, ministries and individuals in China, but no formal machinery was established for this purpose. The effectiveness of the BLCC was doubted as the public opinion was pushed through the BLCC which the Consultative Committee would merely report the diversity of the views to the Drafting Committee, but not indicate the degree of public support of the public views.

Election

At the first meeting of the Consultative Committee during the election of the executive committee of the BLCC, a BLDC member, Y. K. Pao showed up to chair the meeting although he was not a BLCC member. He ignored procedures and proceeded to read out a list of 19 names saying who would be the chairman and who would be secretary is so on, and then he directed the gathered members to elect them with a round of applause. This kind of arrangement was commonplace on the Mainland but not in Hong Kong and it led to complaints. Although another meeting was called to rectify the violation of procedures, the same nineteen members were chosen and seven officers were also "elected".

Factions

The dominating group within the Consultative Committee was the

Business and Professional Group of the Basic Law Consultative Committee The Group of 89 or Business and Professional Group of the Basic Law Consultative Committee was a conservative political pressure group formed by the conservative business and professional elites led by tycoon Vincent Lo in the Hong Kong Basic Law ...

, as known as the Group of 89, led by tycoon Vincent Lo. It was formed in April 1985 by 57 BLCC members and later added two more members. Subsequently, the liberal community representatives, social workers and professionals BLCC members formed the

Group of 190 The Group of 190 was a coalition emerged during the discussion of the drafting of the Hong Kong Basic Law and constitutional reform in the transition period of Hong Kong in the 1980s. The coalition was formed in response to the Group of 89 which ad ...

. However it was a small group compared to the Group of 89 without resources that the business elites commanded. To avoid future divisions, the Chinese government created the positions of

Hong Kong Affairs Adviser Hong Kong Affairs Advisers () were appointed by the Chinese government after the last Governor of Hong Kong, Chris Patten carried out his electoral reform in the British Hong Kong, in the eve of the handover of the sovereignty of the city-state ...

and District Affairs Adviser in 1992. The highly honorific titles helped to prevent disputes in Beijing's 'united front'.

Consultation process

The BLCC held two rounds of consultation on drafting the Basic Law. The first was from May to September in 1986, the second from February to October in 1989. During the first consultation period, the BLCC received 73,000 submissions for the electoral issues of the legislature after 1997. There were also many public meetings being held and discussions in the media. The response in the second period was smaller as it was taken over by the Tiananmen Square event. After the

Tiananmen massacre The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident (), were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Fourth ...

on 4 June 1989, the Consultative Committee suspended its work for a few weeks. The BLCC ceased to exist of the Basic Law was adopted by the

National People's Congress The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPC; ), or simply the National People's Congress, is constitutionally the supreme state authority and the national legislature of the People's Republic of China. With 2,9 ...

on 4 April 1990 and promulgated the same day by the President of the People's Republic of China,

Yang Shangkun Yang Shangkun (3 August 1907 – 14 September 1998) was a Chinese Communist military and political leader, President of the People's Republic of China (''de jure'' head of state) from 1988 to 1993, and one of the Eight Elders that dominated ...

Membership

List of members of the Basic Law Consultative Committee: (the list is in Chinese character order consistent with the official document) *

Van Lau A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people. Depending on the type of van, it can be bigger or smaller than a pickup truck and SUV, and bigger than a common car. There is some varying in the scope of the word across ...

Man Sai-cheong Man Sai-cheong, (; 15 July 1944 – 4 April 2015) was a member of the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (1991–95), Urban Council of Hong Kong (1986–95) and Eastern District Board (1988–94). Biography Born on 15 July 1944 in ...

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Mo Kwan-nin Mo Kwan-nin (), GBM (20 May 1937 – 5 February 2013) was a Hong Kong born People's Republic of China politician. Mo Kwan-nin was born in Hong Kong in 1937 and graduated from the Chinese Department of the University of Hong Kong in 1961. He later ...

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* Wong Kwan-cheng * Shek Wai * Seto Fai *

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Ann Tse-kai Ann Tse-kai ( also known as T.K. Ann; 26 June 1912 – 3 June 2000) was a Hong Kong industrialist, legislator and sinologist. He was the author of ''Cracking the Chinese Puzzles'', a textbook on Chinese characters. Ann lived in Hong Kong and ...

* Lawrence C.H. Chu *

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* Kong Tak-yan * Ho Man-fat * Ho Ting-kwan * Edward Ho Sing-tin *

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* Stanley Ho * Ewan Yee Lup-yuen *

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* Harold T. Wu * Steve Ng Siu-pang *

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* Ng Tor-tai *

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* Agnes Ng Mung-chan * Ng Kam-tsuen * Ng Yiu-tung * Shum Choi-sang *

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* Peter Lee Chung-yin * Paul Lee Kai-yu *

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* Lee Lin-sang *

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* Richard Li King-hang * Li Siu-kei * Ronald Li Fook-shiu *

Elsie Tu Elsie Tu (; ; 2 June 1913 – 8 December 2015), known as Elsie Elliott in her earlier life, was an English-born Hong Kong social activist, elected member of the Urban Council of Hong Kong from 1963 to 1995, and member of the Legislative Counc ...

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* Shung Jih-chong * Shen Peng-ying * Michael Naele Somerville * Philip Yuen Pak-yiu * Nelson Chow Wing-sun * Lam Kwong-yu * John Stove Lambourn * Shao You-bao * Eddy Yau Shik-fan * Christina Yu Wai-mui * Veronica W. Cha *

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* Hu Chu-jen * Tang Hsiang-chien * Wut Chiu * Tsui Sze-man * Zee Sze-yong * Zee Kwoh-kung * William H.C. Tsui * Samson Sun * Sun Sheng-tsang *

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* Louis E. Keloon Ha * Hari N. Harilela * Joseph Ma Ching-chung * Ko Siu-wah * Ko Gar-yee * William Ko Chan-gock * Cheung Sai-lam *

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* Cheung Yau-kai * Cheung Pak-chi * Chang Ka-mun * Cheung Chun-kwok * Denis Chang Khen-lee * Chang Wan-fung *

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* Andrew Chuang Siu-leung * Kwok Yuen-hon * Kwok Man-cho *

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* Leung Siu-tong * Leung Lam-hoi *

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* Cheung Lun * Kasim Wilson Tuet Wai-sin * Anthony Luk Tung-chin * John Lok Hsiao-pei * Chan Pun *

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* Chan Siu-kam * Chan Wing-kee * Chan Hip-ping *

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* Thomas Chen Tseng-tao * Chan Cheng-chun *

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* Mak Chan * Mak Hoi-wah * I.R.A. MacCallum *

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* To Shui-moon * Tsang Kwong-to *

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* Jeffrey Y.S. Tsang * Wan Kwok-shing *

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* Ching Yune-kai * Shu Tse-wong *

David Edward Leslie Wong Yat-huen David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". w ...

* Wong Wan-tin * Wong Kong-hon * Wong Hong-yuen *

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* Raymond Huang * Wong Lai-chuen * Rayson Lisung Huang * Fung Ho-keung * Tony Fung Wing-cheung * William Fung Kwok-lun * Fung Wai-kwong * Daniel R. Fung * Frederick Fung Kin-kee * Yeung Yue-man *

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* T.L. Yang *

Henrietta Ip Man-hing Henrietta Ip Man-hing, OBE, JP (born 7 December 1947, Hong Kong) is a paediatrician and politician. Graduated from Maryknoll Convent School, she got her M.B.Ch.B. at the University of Liverpool. She is member of the Royal College of Surgeons ...

* Ip Yeuk-lam * Luke Yip Jing-ping *

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* Raymond Wu Wai-yung *

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* Peter J. Wrangham * Lawrence Kadoorie * Liu Ching-leung * Liu Lit-man * Lincoln Yung Chu-kuen * William Mong Man-wai * Liu Yong-ling * Lau Nai-keung * Eric Au Sing-wai *

Poon Chung-kwong Professor Poon Chung-kwong, GBS, OBE, JP (, born 1940, Hong Kong) was the President of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University from 1991 to 2008. He received his secondary education at St. Paul's Co-educational College. Trained as a chemist, ...

* Poon Chun-leung * Pun Kwok-shing * Pun Chiu-yin * Choy Tak-ho * Tam Ling-kwan * Mignonne Cheng *

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* Cheng Chung-wai *

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* Tang Hing-yee *

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* Fok Wah-pun *

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* Daniel Tse Chi-wai * Char Nee-quin * Jacob Tse Wai-chee *

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* Chung Chi-yung * Brian H. Tisdall * Patrick Charles Samuel Deveson * David Wylie Gairns *

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* Peter Kwong Kong-kit *

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* Anthony Gordon Rogers *

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* Kung Chi-keung

References

Bibliography

* * * * {{Hong Kong Basic Law Politics of Hong Kong History of Hong Kong 1985 establishments in Hong Kong 1990 disestablishments in Hong Kong Hong Kong Basic Law