''Homoeomma'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of South American

tarantulas Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although m ...

that was first described by

Anton Ausserer Anton Ausserer (5 July 184320 July 1889)Maurer, Ferdinand: ''Nachruf an Dr. Anton Ausserer.'' Programm des kk. acad. Gymnasiums in Grätz. Graz 1890 was an Austrian naturalist specialising in spiders.Bonnet, Pierre: Bibliographia aranearum, Les ...

in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These

are usually quite small and usually

burrow An Eastern chipmunk at the entrance of its burrow A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of sh ...

a few centimeters under a rock or log.

Diagnosis

Males of this genus can be distinguished by the tile-like apophysis on the base of the

palpal bulb The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often descr ...

, and the

embolus An embolus (; plural emboli; from the Greek ἔμβολος "wedge", "plug") is an unattached mass that travels through the bloodstream and is capable of creating blockages. When an embolus occludes a blood vessel, it is called an embolism or emb ...

being in an obtuse angle, in relation to the bulb. Males also have a flexion of the

metatarsus The metatarsal bones, or metatarsus, are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the med ...

1, which is between the branches of the tibial apophysis. Females can be distinguished by the

spermatheca The spermatheca (pronounced plural: spermathecae ), also called receptaculum seminis (plural: receptacula seminis), is an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, e.g. ants, bees, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other ...

morphology, which lacks constriction in the apex.

Species

it contains thirteen species, found in South America: *'' Homoeomma brasilianum'' (

Chamberlin The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are severa ...

, 1917) –

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

*''

Homoeomma chilense ''Homoeomma'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These tarantulas are usually quite small and ...

'' Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 –

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

*'' Homoeomma elegans'' (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1958) –

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

*'' Homoeomma familiare'' Bertkau, 1880 – Brazil *'' Homoeomma hirsutum'' ( Mello-Leitão, 1935) – Brazil *'' Homoeomma montanum'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) – Brazil *'' Homoeomma nigrum'' (

Walckenaer Baron Charles Athanase Walckenaer (25 December 1771 – 28 April 1852) was a French civil servant and scientist. Biography Walckenaer was born in Paris and studied at the universities of Oxford and Glasgow. In 1793 he was appointed head of t ...

, 1837) – Brazil *'' Homoeomma orellanai'' Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 – Chile *'' Homoeomma peruvianum'' (Chamberlin, 1916) –

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

*''

Homoeomma strabo ''Homoeomma'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These tarantulas are usually quite small and ...

'' (

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1892) –

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

, Brazil *''

Homoeomma stradlingi ''Homoeomma'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These tarantulas are usually quite small and ...

'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 ( type) – Brazil *''

Homoeomma uruguayense ''Homoeomma'' is a genus of South American Theraphosidae, tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These tarantulas are usually ...

'' (Mello-Leitão, 1946) –

Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...

, Argentina *'' Homoeomma villosum'' ( Keyserling, 1891) – Brazil

In synonymy

*''H. bicolor'' Sherwood, Gabriel & Longhorn, 2018 = ''Homoeomma chilense'' Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 *''H. cyclothorax'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = ''Homoeomma montanum'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) *''H. moreirae'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = ''Homoeomma brasilianum'' (Chamberlin, 1917) *''H. regina'' (Chamberlin, 1917) = ''Homoeomma strabo'' (Simon, 1892) *''H. serratum'' (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1958) = ''Homoeomma uruguayense'' (Mello-Leitão, 1946)

Transferred to other genera

*''Homoeomma alcirae'' Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1954 → '' Plesiopelma alcirae'' *''Homoeomma humile'' Vellard, 1924 → '' Bumba humilis'' *''Homoeomma pictum'' (Pocock, 1903) → '' Anqasha picta' *''Homoeomma simoni'' Soares & Camargo, 1948 → '' Catanduba simoni''

References

Theraphosidae genera Spiders of South America Taxa named by Anton Ausserer Theraphosidae {{Theraphosidae-stub

Diagnosis

Species

In synonymy

Transferred to other genera

See also

References