Henri Beau

Henri Beau (''né'' Louis-Henri Beau; 27June 186315May 1949) was a French-Canadian Impressionist painter. He is noted for ''Chemin en été'', ''La dispersion des Acadiens'', ''L'arrivée de Champlain à Québec'', and ''Les Noces de Cana''. Beau is a largely forgotten artist due to his long absence from Canada. His widow Marie Beau worked towards establishing his reputation as an artist in Canada after his death.Prakash. 2015. p. 452 He was only recognized as a notable artist decades later, with major retrospectives of his paintings celebrating his career by the Galerie Bernard Desroches in Montréal in 1974, and at the Musée du Québec (now Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec) in Québec City in 1987.

Beau studied under French Masters Joseph Chabert, Léon Bonnat, William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Jean-Léon Gérôme, and Pierre Puvis de Chavannes. He had initial success as an Impressionist painter, amongst other Canadian Impressionists in Paris, and was awarded the '' Ordre des Palmes Académiques'' by the French government.Prakash. 2015. p. 441 He obtained art commissions from the Notre-Dame Basilica in Montréal and the Government of Quebec. He served as associate archivist for the Parisian-branch of the Public Archives of Canada (now Library and Archives Canada) from 1921 to 1938.L'Allier. 1987. p. 15

Biography

Birth and childhood

Henri Beau was born Louis-Henri Beau to a working class French-Canadian family in Montréal, in 1863. He was the third child of restaurateur Charles-Arsène Beau and Marguerite-Clémentine Hupé. He had seven brothers and three sisters. He was baptized at Notre-Dame Basilica in Montréal on 28June 1863, a day after his birth. He was raised in a boarding house located at 129 Craig Street according to ''Lovell's Directory of the Citizens of 1863–1864''.

His father, Charles-Arsène Beau, was born in Belleville, east of Paris, France, in 1823, arrived in New York City in 1848, and settled in Montréal in 1858, where he lived until his death in 1894. He was a cook and a restaurant manager at restaurant ''Beau'' frequented regularly by painter Edmond Dyonnet according to his mémoires.L'Allier. 1987. p. 22 His father met and married his mother, Marguerite-Clémentine Hupé, a 21-year-old Montréal woman sometime before 1851. They moved to Montréal in 1858. That union produced eleven children, including Arthur, Louis-Henri, Joseph-Vincent, Charles and Paul; but few records exist of the names of the other children. The surname "Beau" might be attributed as Le Beau. His brother Paul Beau (1871–1949) was a fine arts ironworker. Later Beau produced a ''décanteur à trépied'' (decanter tripod) as an homage to his brother.L'Allier. 1987. p. 42 fn 13

Art education

In 1881, he studied under ''Abbé'' Joseph Chabert who taught academic art at the ''Institut National des Beaux-Arts, Sciences, Arts et Métiers et Industrie'' (1871–1887), an establishment founded by Chabert and benefactors such as industrialist Jean-Baptiste Prat. Marie Chantal Leblanc, then a graduate student under art historian and professor Laurier Lacroix at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), notes in her mémoire that under Chabert, Beau most likely encountered and interacted with Joseph-Charles Franchère, Ludger Larose and Charles Gill at some point, as all are listed as students in the Nordheimer classroom between 1885 and 1888. In 1884, he travelled to the United States, where he coloured woodcuts in San Francisco. He then travelled to Paris to continue his education at studios there. He began presenting his work at exhibitions in Paris in the 1890s.

Beau's presence in Paris is mentioned in the 21June 1888 edition of the journal ''Paris-Canada'', founded in the year 1884 to promote Franco-Canadian relations. He studied under William-Adolphe Bouguereau at l'Académie Julian and Jean-Léon Gérôme at École des Beaux-Arts in Paris known today as ''l'École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts''. Gérôme encouraged his pupils to be independent and used his influence to help them gain admittance to the Salon in Paris. Unlike many of his Canadian peers who pursued an art education in Paris, Beau's family was not wealthy so he used his talents as a painter to earn a living. He is known to have copied eleven paintings from the Louvre in 1896 and 1900. According to a letter by Beau's wife (held in the archives of the MBNAQ) to Paul Rainville, then curator of the Musée de la Province du Québec (MBNAQ), Beau also attended l'Académie Colarossi. It is also mentioned that he studied under Léon Bonnat and Pierre Puvis de Chavannes who advised Beau to pursue landscape painting.

Art career

Early career

In 1893, Beau received a commission from Alfred-Léon Senneterre to paint ''Les Noces de Cana'', depicting the marriage at Cana, delivered to the Notre-Dame du Sacré-Coeur Chapel in the Notre-Dame Basilica of Montreal in 1894. He received $500.00 (around $13,590) in 2016 dollars) according to a document held in the parish archives. The painting was destroyed on 7 December 1978, when a fire ravaged the chapel.

As Beau's family background was that of a working-class family living in a boarding house, patronage from Senneterre allowed him to pursue an art education in Paris. Especially after his father's death in 1894, finishing his studies in Paris would only have been possible with the help of patrons. According to an article in '' Canadian Art'' by Evan H. Turner, few Montrealers were interested in Impressionist paintings. One notable early and first collector of French Impressionist art was Sir William Cornelius Van Horne. It is documented that Van Horne sat on the Art Association of Montreal Gallery Committee and involved himself personally in the Canadian Pacific Railway's art acquisition program. He was a known patron of Parisian-trained Impressionist painters, and his painting collection contained works by nearly all of the early Impressionist painters of his time.

In 1902, Beau received a commission from the Government of Québec for ''L'arrivée de Champlain à Québec'' for the Legislative Council of Quebec, delivered in 1903, for which he was paid $1,300 (around $27,500) in 2016 dollars). It was criticized for historical inaccuracies.Prakash. 2015. p. 445 In 1909, he proposed producing a larger painting depicting the first session of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in 1792. This was deferred for administrative reasons and the project was assigned subsequently to Charles Huot in 1910.L'Allier. 1987. p. 32 In July 1904, Beau returned to Montréal and worked as an art professor at l'école Sarsfield from September 1905 to April 1906. In 1906, he produced a painting for the Royal Alexandra Hotel (demolished in 1971) in Winnipeg. His brother, Paul Beau had previously collaborated with the hotel's architects, Edouard et William Sutherland Maxwell.

Career at the Public Archives of Canada (1915–1938)

Beau's career in the civil service started in 1915 when he was a temporary copyist for the Paris branch of the Public Archives of Canada (now Library and Archives Canada). He was promoted to associate archivist in 1921, a position he held until his retirement in 1938. During the entire time from 1915 to 1938 he was the Archives' official painter; his duties were to document and illustrate traditional civil, military, and religious customs related to Canadian history, painting the Port of France, and depicting historical figures involved the founding of New France. He was based mostly in France, though he did work for a number of Canadian customers.

Art historians and critics often consider that he cut his career short working for the Archives, as the commissions involved religious, historical and political themes, restricting and repressing the inner creativity of an artist like Beau. Multiple reasons can perhaps explain this decision such as the appointment of Arthur George Doughty as the Dominion Archivist, and Keeper of the Records, whom Beau admired for his encouragement and his '' laissez-faire'' attitude.

Later career

In 1900, he received the bronze medal at the World Fair in Paris for his painting ''La Dispertion des Acadiens'', depicting the expulsion of the Acadians.

Among his notable works is ''L'arrivée de Champlain à Québec'' (1903), which was hung in the council chamber of the National Assembly of Quebec in 1908. It has since been removed to Musée des Beaux-arts de Québec. He also painted ''Les noces de Cana'', which is in Notre-Dame Basilica.

Memberships

Beau was a member of various art societies in France, including the Société des Uns and the Parisian Société de Salon d'Hiver.

Personal life

Beau married a woman before August 1906. Little is known about her aside from an entry in Ludger Larose's diary that states that Beau's wife is searching for him. He left her around that time for Marie Fertinel an opera singer with whom he had an affair and later married in 1946.L'Allier. 1987. p. 30 Beau died on 15May 1949 in Paris. He is buried at the ''cimetière de Rueil-Malmaison'' (Hauts-de-Seine).

Art styles and techniques

Beau would sign his paintings as "HBeau", usually with the year, and sometimes with the location, they were painted. Beau's wife, Marie, is portrayed in many of his paintings. He also drew inspiration for his paintings from his travels around Europe. Beau's earliest known work of art is from 1891. Very little is known of his time studying academic arts under Abbé Joseph Chabert. As Chabert was educated at the École Impériale des Beaux-Arts in Paris, known to be neutral to politics, and described by Napoléon Bourassa as an uncontrollable spirit, this was reflected in his teachings. As Beau was studying in Paris at a time Impressionism was establishing itself as an art movement, many of his paintings between 1891 and 1899 reflect the era's style.

The evolution of Henri Beau as an artist can be seen in a photobiographic form, by looking at his works in chronological order. Beau drew inspiration from Camille Corot, Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro, which is reflected in his earlier paintings named ''Landscapes''.

During his time at the Public Archives of Canada, Beau's works were more structured. During his personal time, he painted Impressionist landscapes. His paintings in his final years, from 1939 to 1949, were of the Jaujac region in Ardèche

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