![H](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/H.I.F.Biber.jpg)
Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber (
bapt. 12 August 1644,
Stráž pod Ralskem
Stráž pod Ralskem (until 1946 Vartenberk; german: Wartenberg (am Rollberg)) is a town in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,800 inhabitants.
Etymology
The local castle was called Wartenberg (''Wart ...
– 3 May 1704,
Salzburg
Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian) is the List of cities and towns in Austria, fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872.
The town is on the site of the ...
)
was a Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist. Biber worked in
Graz
Graz (; sl, Gradec) is the capital city of the Austrian state of Styria and second-largest city in Austria after Vienna. As of 1 January 2021, it had a population of 331,562 (294,236 of whom had principal-residence status). In 2018, the popul ...
and
Kroměříž
Kroměříž (; german: Kremsier) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. It is known for the Kroměříž Castle with castle gardens, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The town centre with the c ...
before he illegally left his employer, Prince-Bishop
Karl Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn, and settled in
Salzburg
Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian) is the List of cities and towns in Austria, fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872.
The town is on the site of the ...
.
He remained there for the rest of his life, publishing much of his music but apparently seldom, if ever, giving concert tours.
Biber was among the major composers for the violin in the history of the instrument. His own technique allowed him to easily reach the 6th and 7th
positions, employ
multiple stops in intricate polyphonic passages, and explore the various possibilities of
scordatura
Scordatura (; literally, Italian for "discord", or "mistuning") is a tuning of a string instrument that is different from the normal, standard tuning. It typically attempts to allow special effects or unusual chords or timbre, or to make certain pa ...
tuning.
[A Survey of the Unaccompanied Violin Repertoire, Centering on Works by J.S. Bach and Eugene Ysaÿe](_blank)
drum.lib.umd.edu, p. 19-20
highbeam.com Among other pieces, Biber wrote operas, sacred music and music for chamber ensemble. He also wrote one of the earliest known pieces for solo violin, the monumental
passacaglia
The passacaglia (; ) is a musical form that originated in early seventeenth-century Spain and is still used today by composers. It is usually of a serious character and is often based on a bass-ostinato and written in triple metre.
Origin
The ter ...
of the ''
Mystery Sonatas
The ''Rosary Sonatas'' (''Rosenkranzsonaten'', also known as the ''Mystery Sonatas'' or ''Copper-Engraving Sonatas'') by Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber are a collection of 15 short sonatas for violin and continuo, with a final passacaglia for solo vio ...
''. During Biber's lifetime, his music was known and imitated throughout Europe. In the late 18th century he was named the best violin composer of the 17th century by music historian
Charles Burney
Charles Burney (7 April 1726 – 12 April 1814) was an English music historian, composer and musician. He was the father of the writers Frances Burney and Sarah Burney, of the explorer James Burney, and of Charles Burney, a classicist a ...
.
[Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber](_blank)
encyclopedia.com. Retrieved February 21, 2015 In the late 20th century Biber's music, especially the ''Mystery Sonatas'', enjoyed a renaissance. Today, it is widely performed and recorded.
Biography
![Homann Salzburg Panorama](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Homann_Salzburg_Panorama.jpg)
Biber was born in Wartenberg,
Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
(now
Stráž pod Ralskem
Stráž pod Ralskem (until 1946 Vartenberk; german: Wartenberg (am Rollberg)) is a town in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,800 inhabitants.
Etymology
The local castle was called Wartenberg (''Wart ...
,
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
).
Little is known about his early education, other than that he may have studied at a
Jesuit
, image = Ihs-logo.svg
, image_size = 175px
, caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits
, abbreviation = SJ
, nickname = Jesuits
, formation =
, founders ...
Gymnasium at
Troppau
Opava (; german: Troppau, pl, Opawa) is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 55,000 inhabitants. It lies on the river Opava. Opava is one of the historical centres of Silesia. It was a historical capital of ...
in Bohemia, and that he may have had musical education by a local organist.
Before 1668 Biber worked at the court of
Prince Johann Seyfried von Eggenberg in
Graz
Graz (; sl, Gradec) is the capital city of the Austrian state of Styria and second-largest city in Austria after Vienna. As of 1 January 2021, it had a population of 331,562 (294,236 of whom had principal-residence status). In 2018, the popul ...
, and then he was employed by the
Bishop of Olomouc
The following is a list of diocesan bishops and archbishops of Olomouc. Not much is known about the beginnings of the Diocese of Olomouc. It was reestablished in 1063 and in 1777 it was elevated to an archdiocese.
Bishops of Olomouc
*''89 ...
,
Karl II von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn, in
Kroměříž
Kroměříž (; german: Kremsier) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. It is known for the Kroměříž Castle with castle gardens, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The town centre with the c ...
. Biber's associate from the early 1660s,
Pavel Josef Vejvanovský
Pavel Josef Vejvanovský (c. 1639 – 24 July 1693) was a Czechs, Czech-Moravian composer and trumpeter of the Baroque music, Baroque period.
Life
Vejvanovský was born probably in Hlučín (possibly in Hukvaldy), probably in 1639 or 1640 (1633 i ...
, worked there as director of the Kapelle. Biber apparently enjoyed a good reputation, and his violin playing skills were very highly regarded.
![Wartenberg-HIFBiber](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Wartenberg-HIFBiber.jpg)
In summer 1670 Karl II sent Biber to
Absam
Absam is a municipality in the Innsbruck-Land District, Tyrol (state), Tyrol (Austria) situated at an altitude of 632 m, which had an area of 51.92 km2 and 6,776 inhabitants as January 2015.
Geography
Absam is 15 km from Innsbruck, ...
, near
Innsbruck
Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...
, to negotiate with the celebrated instrument maker
Jacob Stainer
Jacob Stainer (–1683) was the earliest and best known Austrian and Germanic luthier. His violins were sought after by famous 17th- and 18th-century musicians and composers including Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and .
Stainer wa ...
for the purchase of new instruments for the Kapelle. Biber never reached Stainer, however, and instead entered the employ of the
Archbishop of Salzburg
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg ( la, Archidioecesis Salisburgensis) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Austria. The archdiocese is one of two Austrian archdioceses, serving alongside the Archdiocese of ...
, Maximilian Gandolph von Kuenburg.
Because Karl and Maximilian were friends,
Biber's former employer refrained from taking any action; he was, however, very hurt by the composer's decision, and waited until 1676 to officially issue his release papers. It is not coincidental that most of the autograph compositions Biber sent to Kremsier date from the early 1670s. Biber remained in Salzburg for the rest of his life.
His musical and social careers flourished: he started publishing his music in 1676, performed before the Emperor
Leopold I (and was rewarded by him) in 1677, became deputy Kapellmeister at Salzburg in 1679 and Kapellmeister in 1684.
In 1690 Biber was raised to nobility by the Emperor, with the title of Biber von Bibern. Finally, the new Archbishop of Salzburg, Johann Ernst, Count Thun, appointed Biber lord high steward, the highest social rank Biber would attain.
[Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber – A Chronology](_blank)
bluntinstrument.org.uk![Franz Biber lapide](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Franz_Biber_lapide.jpg)
The composer was married on 30 May 1672 at the bishop's summer residence,
Hellbrunn Palace
Hellbrunn Palace (german: Schloss Hellbrunn) is an early Baroque villa of palatial size, near Morzg, a southern district of the city of Salzburg, Austria. It was built in 1613–19 by Markus Sittikus von Hohenems, Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg, ...
, just outside Salzburg.
[Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber](_blank)
salzburg.com His wife Maria Weiss was a daughter of a Salzburg merchant, citizen and tradesman, Peter Weiss. Together they had 11 children, four of whom survived to adulthood.
All were musically gifted. Anton Heinrich (1679–1742) and
Carl Heinrich Carl Heinrich (1880 New York City – 1955) was an American entomologist.
Life
He studied Greek and drama at the University of Chicago, he moved to Washington D.C., in 1902, where he worked in business. In 1908, he went to New York to study music ...
(1681–1749) both served as violinists at the Salzburg court, and the latter was promoted to Kapellmeister in 1743. Daughters Maria Cäcilia (born 1674) and Anna Magdalena (1677–1742) became nuns at Santa Clara,
Merano
Merano (, , ) or Meran () is a city and ''comune'' in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier V ...
, and the
Nonnberg Abbey
Nonnberg Abbey (german: Stift Nonnberg) is a Benedictine monastery in Salzburg, Austria. Founded by Saint Rupert of Salzburg, it is the oldest continuously existing nunnery in the German-speaking world. The monastery complex is today a protected m ...
, respectively. Anna Magdalena was an alto singer and a violinist, and in 1727 became director of the choir and the Kapelle of the Abbey.
Anna Magdalena used her father's ''Singfundament'', a basic singing instruction book, for her work in the Abbey.
On 3 November 1692, Biber was appointed steward by Archbishop Johann Ernst.
He then received his
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...
.
Biber died in Salzburg in 1704. His grave is located in the
Petersfriedhof
The Petersfriedhof or St. Peter's Cemetery is – together with the burial site at Nonnberg Abbey – the oldest cemetery in the Austrian city of Salzburg, located at the foot of the Festungsberg with Hohensalzburg Castle. It is one of Salzburg's ...
.
Works
![Biber mysterien](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Biber_mysterien.jpg)
Biber's violin music was possibly influenced, on one hand, by the Italian tradition of
Marco Uccellini and
Carlo Farina
Carlo Farina (ca. 1600 – July 1639) was an Italian composer, conductor and violinist of the Early Baroque era.
Life
Farina was born at Mantua. He presumably received his first lessons from his father, who was '' sonatore di viola'' at ...
, and on the other, by the then-nascent German polyphonic tradition as exemplified by
Johann Heinrich Schmelzer
Johann Heinrich Schmelzer (c. 1620–1623between 29 February and 20 March 1680) was an Austrian composer and violinist of the middle Baroque era. Almost nothing is known about his early years, but he seems to have arrived in Vienna during the 1630 ...
, who may have been Biber's teacher. Biber's achievements included further development of violin technique – he was able to reach the 6th and 7th
positions, and his left-hand and bowing techniques were far more advanced than those of contemporary Italian composers. He also excelled at counterpoint, frequently writing fully polyphonic textures, with much use of
multiple stops. Yet another area in which Biber made a substantial contribution was the art of
scordatura
Scordatura (; literally, Italian for "discord", or "mistuning") is a tuning of a string instrument that is different from the normal, standard tuning. It typically attempts to allow special effects or unusual chords or timbre, or to make certain pa ...
, i.e. music for alternative tunings of the instrument. Finally, much of Biber's music employs various forms of
number symbolism, ''
affekten'', programmatic devices, etc., as seen in the symbolic retuning of the violin for the Resurrection sonata of the ''Mystery Sonatas''.
During the latter half of the 17th century Biber was, together with the composers of the Dresden school (
Johann Jakob Walther and
Johann Paul von Westhoff
Johann Paul von Westhoff (1656 – buried 17 April 1705) was a German Baroque composer and violinist. One of the most important exponents of the Dresden violin school, he was among the highest ranked violinists of his day, and composed some of the ...
), regarded as one of the best and most influential violinists in Europe. However, soon after his death, German violinists started following the style of
Arcangelo Corelli
Arcangelo Corelli (, also , , ; 17 February 1653 – 8 January 1713) was an Italian composer and violinist of the Baroque era. His music was key in the development of the modern genres of sonata and concerto, in establishing the preeminence of ...
and his imitators.
Instrumental music
Biber's finest scordatura writing is represented in two collections. The first dates from c. 1676 and is known variously as ''Mystery Sonatas'', ''
Rosary Sonatas
The ''Rosary Sonatas'' (''Rosenkranzsonaten'', also known as the ''Mystery Sonatas'' or ''Copper-Engraving Sonatas'') by Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber are a collection of 15 short sonatas for violin and Basso continuo, continuo, with a final passacagl ...
'' (''Mysterien Sonaten'', ''Die Rosenkranz-Sonaten''), ''Copper-Plate Engraving Sonatas'', etc.,
remaining unpublished during the composer's lifetime. It comprises sixteen pieces: fifteen sonatas for violin and
continuo portraying the fifteen
Mysteries of the Rosary
The Rosary (; la, , in the sense of "crown of roses" or "garland of roses"), also known as the Dominican Rosary, or simply the Rosary, refers to a set of prayers used primarily in the Catholic Church, and to the physical string of knots or b ...
, and a long passacaglia for solo violin. In the extant copy of the collection, each piece is accompanied by a small engraving depicting the mystery it portrays, while the image (an ink drawing) preceding the passacaglia depicts a
guardian angel
A guardian angel is a type of angel that is assigned to protect and guide a particular person, group or nation. Belief in tutelary beings can be traced throughout all antiquity. The idea of angels that guard over people played a major role in A ...
with a child. Only the first and the last pieces use normal tuning; all others employ some form of
scordatura
Scordatura (; literally, Italian for "discord", or "mistuning") is a tuning of a string instrument that is different from the normal, standard tuning. It typically attempts to allow special effects or unusual chords or timbre, or to make certain pa ...
:
![Mysterien sonate](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Mysterien_sonate.jpg)
The sonatas were dedicated to Maximilian Gandolph von Khuenburg, whom Biber addresses in the preface: "I have consecrated the whole to the honour of the XV Sacred Mysteries, which you promote so strongly." Although unpublished during the composer's lifetime, these works are his most popular pieces today, and one of the reasons for the revival of interest in his music. The entire set has been recorded by numerous violinists such as
John Holloway,
Andrew Manze
Andrew Manze (born 14 January 1965) is a British conductor and violinist living in Germany.
Born in Beckenham, United Kingdom, Manze read Classics at Cambridge University. Manze studied violin and worked with Ton Koopman (his director in th ...
, and many others. Sonata 15 is famous for one of its themes, which matches the theme of
Paganini's
Caprice No. 24 almost exactly; it is possible that Paganini was inspired by Biber, just as
Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt, in modern usage ''Liszt Ferenc'' . Liszt's Hungarian passport spelled his given name as "Ferencz". An orthographic reform of the Hungarian language in 1922 (which was 36 years after Liszt's death) changed the letter "cz" to simpl ...
,
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms (; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the mid- Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He is sometimes grouped wit ...
and
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff; in Russian pre-revolutionary script. (28 March 1943) was a Russian composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor. Rachmaninoff is widely considered one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a composer, one o ...
were later inspired by Paganini's Caprice.
The second work in which Biber explored scordatura techniques is ''Harmonia artificioso-ariosa'' (1696), his last known published collection of instrumental music. It contains seven partitas for two instruments and basso continuo: five for two violins, one for two
violas d'amore, and one for violin and viola. Six of the partitas require scordatura tunings, including those for viola and two violas d'amore; Biber uses the full potential of the technique, including all possibilities for complex polyphony: some of the pieces are in five parts, with both of the melodic instruments carrying two. No other chamber works by Biber use such devices, and the only other pieces to use scordatura are two of the sonatas included in ''Sonatae violino solo'' of 1681. That collection comprises eight sonatas for violin and basso continuo, all noted already by
Charles Burney
Charles Burney (7 April 1726 – 12 April 1814) was an English music historian, composer and musician. He was the father of the writers Frances Burney and Sarah Burney, of the explorer James Burney, and of Charles Burney, a classicist a ...
in the late 18th century, for the brilliant virtuosic passages and elaborate structures. In contrast to both ''Mystery Sonatas'' and ''Harmonia'', these works consist mostly of pieces in free forms (prelude, aria) or variations, rather than dances.
Biber's other published collections of instrumental music are ''Sonatae tam aris quam aulis servientes'' (1676), ''Mensa sonora'' (1680), and ''Fidicinium sacro profanum'' (1682/3). ''Sonatae tam aris'' contains sonatas in five, six or eight parts; some of them only use string instruments, some include one or two trumpets. ''Mensa sonora'' is a set of six partitas for one or two violins, viola, cello, and basso continuo, and ''Fidicinium sacro profanum'' comprises twelve sonatas for one or two violins, two violas, and continuo. Finally, manuscript sources include numerous other pieces: fantasias, balletti, sonatas, etc. Among these are the ''Battalia'', a programmatic "battle" piece which anticipates such latter-day techniques as
polytonality Polytonality (also polyharmony) is the musical use of more than one key simultaneously. Bitonality is the use of only two different keys at the same time. Polyvalence or polyvalency is the use of more than one harmonic function, from the same key, a ...
and ''
col legno
In music for bowed string instruments, , or more precisely (, ), is an instruction to strike the string with the stick of the bow across the strings.
History
The earliest known use of in Western music is to be found in a piece entitled "Har ...
'' playing,
Battalia by Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber
, wmea.com and the ''Sonata representativa'', another typical 17th-century piece similar to works by Walther and Farina, which imitates various birds and animals. An example of Biber's versatility in instrumental music is the ''Sonata S Polycarpi'', which is scored for eight trumpets and timpani.
Sacred music
Unlike most composers for the violin, Biber did not limit himself to music for the instrument. He was also a prolific composer of sacred vocal works: masses, requiems
A Requiem or Requiem Mass, also known as Mass for the dead ( la, Missa pro defunctis) or Mass of the dead ( la, Missa defunctorum), is a Mass of the Catholic Church offered for the repose of the soul or souls of one or more deceased persons, ...
, motet
In Western classical music, a motet is mainly a vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from high medieval music to the present. The motet was one of the pre-eminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music. According to Margar ...
s, etc. Many of those were polychoral and employing large instrumental forces, inspired by the possibilities of the spacious interior of the Salzburg Cathedral
, native_name_lang =
, image = Salzburg Cathedral 1.jpg
, imagesize =
, imagelink =
, imagealt =
, landscape =
, caption =
, pushpin map ...
. Among the polychoral works, '' Missa Salisburgensis'' (1682) is the best known. An expansive setting of the mass for sixteen voices and 37 instrumentalists (i.e. 53 parts total), it was previously attributed to Orazio Benevoli
Orazio Benevoli or Benevolo (19 April 1605 – 17 June 1672), was a Franco-Italian composer of large scaled polychoral sacred choral works (e.g., one work featured forty-eight vocal and instrumental lines) of the mid-Baroque era.
He was born ...
, but today Biber's authorship is certain. The instrumentation includes not only string ensembles, but also oboes, cornett
The cornett, cornetto, or zink is an early wind instrument that dates from the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods, popular from 1500 to 1650. It was used in what are now called alta capellas or wind ensembles. It is not to be confused wi ...
s, trumpets, and timpani
Timpani (; ) or kettledrums (also informally called timps) are musical instruments in the percussion family. A type of drum categorised as a hemispherical drum, they consist of a membrane called a head stretched over a large bowl traditionall ...
. Among his many polychoral works are ''Plaudite tympana à 53'' (1682) ''Vesperae à 32'' (1693), ''Missa Bruxellensis'' (1696) and ''Missa Sancti Henrici'' (1697), which was composed for the occasion of the taking of the veil by his second daughter, Anna Magdalena, at Nonnberg Abbey
Nonnberg Abbey (german: Stift Nonnberg) is a Benedictine monastery in Salzburg, Austria. Founded by Saint Rupert of Salzburg, it is the oldest continuously existing nunnery in the German-speaking world. The monastery complex is today a protected m ...
in Salzburg. In tribute to the Emperor Henry II
Henry II (german: Heinrich II; it, Enrico II; 6 May 973 – 13 July 1024), also known as Saint Henry the Exuberant, Obl. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor ("Romanorum Imperator") from 1014. He died without an heir in 1024, and was the last ruler o ...
, the second founding saint of the convent
A convent is a community of monks, nuns, religious brothers or, sisters or priests. Alternatively, ''convent'' means the building used by the community. The word is particularly used in the Catholic Church, Lutheran churches, and the Anglican ...
, she took the name Maria Rosa Henrica when her novitiate
The novitiate, also called the noviciate, is the period of training and preparation that a Christian ''novice'' (or ''prospective'') monastic, apostolic, or member of a religious order undergoes prior to taking vows in order to discern whether ...
began in 1696. The Mass of Saint Henry is scored for a five-voice choir with two soprano lines and an orchestra of two violins, three violas, two trumpets, timpani
Timpani (; ) or kettledrums (also informally called timps) are musical instruments in the percussion family. A type of drum categorised as a hemispherical drum, they consist of a membrane called a head stretched over a large bowl traditionall ...
and continuo, with optional extra trumpets and sackbut
The term sackbut refers to the early forms of the trombone commonly used during the Renaissance music, Renaissance and Baroque music, Baroque eras. A sackbut has the characteristic telescopic slide of a trombone, used to vary the length of th ...
s to double the voice parts.
Although Biber is best known for the massive polychoral works, he was also capable of writing for smaller forces. ''Missa quadragesimalis'' is a simple a cappella
''A cappella'' (, also , ; ) music is a performance by a singer or a singing group without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. The term ''a cappella'' was originally intended to differentiate between Ren ...
setting (with only a continuo part provided) for four voices, as is the ''Stabat Mater''.
List of works
See also
* Pavel Josef Vejvanovský
Pavel Josef Vejvanovský (c. 1639 – 24 July 1693) was a Czechs, Czech-Moravian composer and trumpeter of the Baroque music, Baroque period.
Life
Vejvanovský was born probably in Hlučín (possibly in Hukvaldy), probably in 1639 or 1640 (1633 i ...
* Andreas Hofer
Andreas Hofer (22 November 1767 – 20 February 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and drover, who in 1809 became the leader of the Tyrolean Rebellion against the Napoleonic and Bavarian invasion during the War of the Fifth Coalition. He was subse ...
* Joannes Baptista Dolar
* Vinzenz Fux
Vinzenz Fux (Vincenzio Fuxio), (c.1606–1659) was an Austrian musician and composer.
Fux was born in Weißkirchen, Styria, and was employed as the organist of the church Maria am Gestade in Vienna before he joined the chapel of Eleonora G ...
* Stylus fantasticus
Selected recordings
* ''Requiem à 15 Vesperae à 32'', Els Bongers
Els Bongers is a Dutch soprano singer active in concert, opera and musical theatre.
Career
Els Bongers studied voice at the Sweelinck Conservatory Amsterdam with Margreet Honig and Jan-Hendrik Rootering, where she received her diploma in 199 ...
, Anne Grimm, Kai Wessel, Peter de Groot, Marcel Reyans, Simon Davies, René Steur, Kees-Jan de Koning, Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir
The Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir is a Dutch early-music group based in Amsterdam.
The Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir was created in two stages by the conductor, organist and harpsichordist Ton Koopman. He founded the Amsterdam Baroqu ...
, Ton Koopman
Antonius Gerhardus Michael Koopman (; born 2 October 1944), known professionally as Ton Koopman, is a Dutch conductor, organist, harpsichordist, and musicologist, primarily known for being the founder and director of the Amsterdam Baroque Orches ...
br>
Missa Bruxellensis – Jordi Savall, Le Concert des Nations, La Capella Reial de Catalunya – Alia Vox 9808
* "Sonata Representativa for violin & continuo in A major", The Zarjaz, La Leggenda Del Block, Editio Seconda, Traite Pour Marbre Neon Harpe Et Voix – Basilcia Records BA 005
* "Mensa sonora and Sonata representativa", Reinhard Goebel
Reinhard Goebel (; born 31 July 1952 in Siegen, West Germany) is a German Conducting, conductor and baroque violin, violinist specialising in early music on Historically informed performance, authentic instruments and professor for historical perf ...
, Musica Antiqua Köln Musica Antiqua Köln was an early music group that was founded in 1973 by Reinhard Goebel and fellow students from the Conservatory of Music in Cologne. Musica Antiqua Köln devoted itself largely to the performance of the music of the 17th and 18th ...
– Archiv Produktion
Archiv Produktion is a classical music record label of German origin. It originated in 1949 as a classical label for the Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft (DGG), and in 1958 Archiv was established as a subsidiary of DGG, specialising in recording ...
(DG) 423701
* "The Rosary Sonatas", Richard Egarr
Richard Egarr (born 7 August 1963) is a British conductor and keyboard player.
Biography
Born in Lincoln, Egarr received his early musical training as a choirboy at York Minster and at Chetham's School of Music. He was an organ scholar at Clar ...
, Andrew Manze
Andrew Manze (born 14 January 1965) is a British conductor and violinist living in Germany.
Born in Beckenham, United Kingdom, Manze read Classics at Cambridge University. Manze studied violin and worked with Ton Koopman (his director in th ...
, Alison McGillivray, Harmonia Mundi
Harmonia Mundi is an independent record label which specializes in classical music, jazz, and world music (on the World Village label). It was founded in France in 1958 and is now a subsidiary of PIAS Entertainment Group.
Its Latin name ''ha ...
907321
References
Further reading
* . Retrieved July 25, 2009
External links
Heinrich Biber homepage
(includes discography)
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Biber, Heinrich Ignaz Franz
1644 births
1704 deaths
17th-century classical composers
17th-century Bohemian people
17th-century Austrian people
Composers for violin
Czech Baroque composers
Czech male classical composers
Czech classical violinists
Austrian Baroque composers
Austrian classical composers
Austrian male classical composers
Austrian classical violinists
Austrian expatriates in Germany
Austrian people of German Bohemian descent
German Bohemian people
Bohemian nobility
Male classical violinists
People from Stráž pod Ralskem
17th-century male musicians