The HPCG (high performance conjugate gradient) benchmark is a
supercomputing benchmark
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Business and economics
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* Benchmark price
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Science and technology
* Benchmark (surveying), a point of known elevati ...
test proposed by Michael Heroux from
Sandia National Laboratories
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), also known as Sandia, is one of three research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Headquartered in Kirtland Air Force Bas ...
, and
Jack Dongarra
Jack Joseph Dongarra (born July 18, 1950) is an American computer scientist and mathematician. He is the American University Distinguished Professor of Computer Science in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at the Unive ...
and Piotr Luszczek from the
University of Tennessee
The University of Tennessee (officially The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; or UT Knoxville; UTK; or UT) is a public land-grant research university in Knoxville, Tennessee. Founded in 1794, two years before Tennessee became the 16th state ...
. It is intended to model the
data access
Data access is a generic term referring to a process which has both an IT-specific meaning and other connotations involving access rights in a broader legal and/or political sense. In the former it typically refers to software and activities relat ...
patterns of real-world
applications
Application may refer to:
Mathematics and computing
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** Application layer, an abstraction layer that specifies protocols and interface methods used in a c ...
such as
sparse matrix
In numerical analysis and scientific computing, a sparse matrix or sparse array is a matrix in which most of the elements are zero. There is no strict definition regarding the proportion of zero-value elements for a matrix to qualify as sparse b ...
calculations, thus testing the effect of limitations of the
memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action. If past events could not be remembered ...
subsystem and internal
interconnect
In telecommunications, interconnection is the physical linking of a carrier's network with equipment or facilities not belonging to that network. The term may refer to a connection between a carrier's facilities and the equipment belonging to ...
of the supercomputer on its computing performance. Because it is internally
I/O bound
In computer science, I/O bound refers to a condition in which the time it takes to complete a computation is determined principally by the period spent waiting for input/output operations to be completed. This is the opposite of a task being CPU bo ...
(the data for the benchmark resides in main memory as it is too large for processor caches), HPCG testing generally achieves only a tiny fraction of the peak
FLOPS the computer could theoretically deliver.
HPCG is intended to complement benchmarks such as the
LINPACK benchmarks
The LINPACK Benchmarks are a measure of a system's floating-point computing power. Introduced by Jack Dongarra, they measure how fast a computer solves a dense ''n'' by ''n'' system of linear equations ''Ax'' = ''b'', which is a commo ...
that put relatively little stress on the internal interconnect. The source of the HPCG benchmark is available on
GitHub
GitHub, Inc. () is an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git. It provides the distributed version control of Git plus access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, continu ...
.
As of June 2018, the
Summit supercomputer held the top spot in the HPCG performance rankings, followed by the
Sierra and the
K computer
The K computer named for the Japanese word/numeral , meaning 10 quadrillion (1016)See Japanese numbers was a supercomputer manufactured by Fujitsu, installed at the Riken Advanced Institute for Computational Science campus in Kobe, Hyōgo Pref ...
.
In November of 2020 they were superseded by
Fugaku with a speed of 16.0 HPCG-petaflops, an increase of 540% over
Summit.
See also
*
Graph500
The Graph500 is a rating of supercomputer systems, focused on data-intensive loads. The project was announced on International Supercomputing Conference in June 2010. The first list was published at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference in Novem ...
*
Memory access pattern In computing, a memory access pattern or IO access pattern is the pattern with which a system or program reads and writes memory on secondary storage. These patterns differ in the level of locality of reference and drastically affect cache performa ...
*
Traversed edges per second The number of traversed edges per second (TEPS) that can be performed by a supercomputer cluster is a measure of both the communications capabilities and computational power of the machine. This is in contrast to the more standard metric of floating ...
*
Preconditioned conjugate gradient method
In mathematics, the conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations, namely those whose matrix is positive-definite. The conjugate gradient method is often implemented as an iterativ ...
References
External links
HPCG Benchmarksource code
Parallel computing
Supercomputer benchmarks
Benchmarks (computing)
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