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Graph500
The Graph500 is a rating of supercomputer systems, focused on data-intensive loads. The project was announced on International Supercomputing Conference in June 2010. The first list was published at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference in November 2010. New versions of the list are published twice a year. The main performance metric used to rank the supercomputers is GTEPS (giga- traversed edges per second). Richard Murphy from Sandia National Laboratories, says that "The Graph500's goal is to promote awareness of complex data problems", instead of focusing on computer benchmarks like HPL (High Performance Linpack), which TOP500 is based on. Despite its name, there were several hundreds of systems in the rating, growing up to 174 in June 2014. The algorithm and implementation that won the championship is published in the paper titled "Extreme scale breadth-first search on supercomputers". There is also list Green Graph 500, which uses same performance metric, but sorts list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traversed Edges Per Second
The number of traversed edges per second (TEPS) that can be performed by a supercomputer cluster is a measure of both the communications capabilities and computational power of the machine. This is in contrast to the more standard metric of floating-point operations per second (FLOPS), which does not give any weight to the communication capabilities of the machine. The term first entered usage in 2010 with the advent of petascale computing, and has since been measured for many of the world's largest supercomputers. In this context, an edge is a connection between two vertices on a graph, and the traversal is the ability of the machine to communicate data between these two points. The standardized benchmark associated with Graph500, as of September, 2011, calls for executing graph generation and search algorithms on graphs as large as 1.1 Petabyte. The ability of an application to utilize a supercomputer cluster effectively depends not only on the raw speed of each processor, but als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traversed Edges Per Second
The number of traversed edges per second (TEPS) that can be performed by a supercomputer cluster is a measure of both the communications capabilities and computational power of the machine. This is in contrast to the more standard metric of floating-point operations per second (FLOPS), which does not give any weight to the communication capabilities of the machine. The term first entered usage in 2010 with the advent of petascale computing, and has since been measured for many of the world's largest supercomputers. In this context, an edge is a connection between two vertices on a graph, and the traversal is the ability of the machine to communicate data between these two points. The standardized benchmark associated with Graph500, as of September, 2011, calls for executing graph generation and search algorithms on graphs as large as 1.1 Petabyte. The ability of an application to utilize a supercomputer cluster effectively depends not only on the raw speed of each processor, but als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fugaku (supercomputer)
Fugaku is a petascale supercomputer at the Riken Center for Computational Science in Kobe, Japan. It started development in 2014 as the successor to the K computer and made its debut in 2020. It is named after an alternative name for Mount Fuji. It became the fastest supercomputer in the world in the June 2020 TOP500 list as well as becoming the first ARM architecture-based computer to achieve this. At this time it also achieved 1.42 exaFLOPS using the mixed fp16/fp64 precision HPL-AI benchmark. It started regular operations in 2021. Fugaku was superseded as the fastest supercomputer in the world by Frontier in May 2022. Hardware The supercomputer is built with the Fujitsu A64FX microprocessor. This CPU is based on the ARM version 8.2A processor architecture, and adopts the Scalable Vector Extensions for supercomputers. Fugaku was aimed to be about 100 times more powerful than the K computer (i.e. a performance target of 1 exaFLOPS). The initial (June 2020) configurat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data-intensive Computing
Data-intensive computing is a class of parallel computing applications which use a data parallel approach to process large volumes of data typically terabytes or petabytes in size and typically referred to as big data. Computing applications which devote most of their execution time to computational requirements are deemed compute-intensive, whereas computing applications which require large volumes of data and devote most of their processing time to I/O and manipulation of data are deemed data-intensive. Introduction The rapid growth of the Internet and World Wide Web led to vast amounts of information available online. In addition, business and government organizations create large amounts of both structured and unstructured information which needs to be processed, analyzed, and linked. Vinton Cerf described this as an “information avalanche” and stated “we must harness the Internet’s energy before the information it has unleashed buries us”. An IDC white paper spo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kronecker Graph
Kronecker graphs are a construction for generating graphs for modeling systems. The method constructs a sequence of graphs from a small base graph by iterating the Kronecker product. A variety of generalizations of Kronecker graphs exist. The Graph500 The Graph500 is a rating of supercomputer systems, focused on data-intensive loads. The project was announced on International Supercomputing Conference in June 2010. The first list was published at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference in Novem ... benchmark for supercomputers is based on the use of a stochastic version of Kronecker graphs. Stochastic kronecker graph is a kronecker graph with each component of the matrix made by real numbers between 0 and 1. The stochastic version of kronecker graph eliminates the staircase effect, which happens due to large multiplicity of kronecker graph. References Graph families {{combin-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TOP500
The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computing, distributed computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these updates always coincides with the International Supercomputing Conference in June, and the second is presented at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference in November. The project aims to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting trends in high-performance computing and bases rankings on HPL (benchmark), HPL, a portable implementation of the high-performance LINPACK Benchmark (computing), benchmark written in Fortran for distributed-memory computers. The 60th TOP500 was published in November 2022. Since June 2022, USA's Frontier (supercomputer), Frontier is the most powerful supercomputer on TOP500, reaching 1102 petaFlops (1.102 exaFlops) on the LINPACK benchmarks. The United States has by far the highest share of total computing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green 500
The Green500 is a biannual ranking of supercomputers, from the TOP500 list of supercomputers, in terms of Electrical efficiency, energy efficiency. The list measures performance per watt using the TOP500 measure of LINPACK benchmarks#HPLinpack, high performance LINPACK benchmarks at double-precision floating-point format. In 2022, Hewlett Packard Enterprise took the lead, with AMD-based systems (AMD CPUs and AMD GPUs) in the 4 top positions, with the top position over 50% more efficient than the previous year (Japanese) top position. And number two on the list (the current fastest on TOP500) is also over 50% more efficient than the currently most efficient (and much smaller) Nvidia-based system. No large Nvidia-based system make the top 10 positions of Graph500 (smaller ones in 7th to 10th, nor any longer any (small or large) ARM-based (Fugaku (supercomputer), Fugaku was at the top of the list in June 2021). History , an Appro International, Inc. Xtreme-X supercomputer (''Beacon'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
POWER9
POWER9 is a family of superscalar, multithreading, multi-core microprocessors produced by IBM, based on the Power ISA. It was announced in August 2016. The POWER9-based processors are being manufactured using a 14 nm FinFET process, in 12- and 24-core versions, for scale out and scale up applications, and possibly other variations, since the POWER9 architecture is open for licensing and modification by the OpenPOWER Foundation members. Summit, the fourth fastest supercomputer in the world (based on the Top500 list as of June 2022), is based on POWER9, while also using Nvidia Tesla GPUs as accelerators. Design Core The POWER9 core comes in two variants, a four-way multithreaded one called ''SMT4'' and an eight-way one called ''SMT8''. The SMT4- and SMT8-cores are similar, in that they consist of a number of so-called ''slices'' fed by common schedulers. A slice is a rudimentary 64-bit single-threaded processing core with load store unit (LSU), integer unit (ALU) and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leibniz Rechenzentrum
The Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) (german: Leibniz-Rechenzentrum) is a supercomputing centre on the Campus Garching near Munich, operated by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Among other IT services, it provides supercomputer resources for research and access to the (MWN); it is connected to the Deutsches Forschungsnetz with a 24 Gbit/s link. The centre is named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. It was founded in 1962 by and Robert Sauer as part of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and the host for several world leading supercomputers (HLRB, HLRB-II, SuperMUC). SuperMUC The Leibniz Supercomputing Centre operated SuperMUC, which was the fastest European supercomputer when it entered operation in 2012 and was ranked #9 in the TOP500 The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computing, distributed computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the super ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Tokyo
, abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project by the Japanese government. UTokyo has 10 faculties, 15 graduate schools and enrolls about 30,000 students, about 4,200 of whom are international students. In particular, the number of privately funded international students, who account for more than 80%, has increased 1.75 times in the 10 years since 2010, and the university is focusing on supporting international students. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is considered to be the most selective and prestigious university in Japan. As of 2021, University of Tokyo's alumni, faculty members and researchers include seventeen prime ministers, 18 Nobel Prize laureates, four Pritzker Prize laureates, five astronauts, and a Fields Medalist. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Summit (supercomputer)
Summit or OLCF-4 is a supercomputer developed by IBM for use at Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF), a facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, capable of 200 petaFLOPS thus making it the 4th fastest supercomputer in the world after Frontier (OLCF-5), Fugaku, and LUMI. It held the number 1 position from November 2018 to June 2020. Its current LINPACK benchmark is clocked at 148.6 petaFLOPS. As of November 2019, the supercomputer had ranked as the 5th most energy efficient in the world with a measured power efficiency of 14.668 gigaFLOPS/watt. Summit was the first supercomputer to reach exaflop (a quintillion operations per second) speed, achieving 1.88 exaflops during a genomic analysis and is expected to reach 3.3 exaflops using mixed-precision calculations. History The United States Department of Energy awarded a $325 million contract in November 2014 to IBM, NVIDIA and Mellanox. The effort resulted in construction of Summit and Sierra. Summit is ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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