The Graph500 is a rating of

supercomputer A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second ( FLOPS) instead of million instructio ...

systems, focused on data-intensive loads. The project was announced on

International Supercomputing Conference The ISC High Performance, formerly known as the International Supercomputing Conference, is a yearly conference on supercomputing A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. Th ...

in June 2010. The first list was published at the

ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference SC (formerly Supercomputing), the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, is the annual conference established in 1988 by the Association for Computing Machinery and the IEEE Computer Society. In ...

in November 2010. New versions of the list are published twice a year. The main performance metric used to rank the supercomputers is GTEPS (

giga Giga ( or ) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of a short-scale billion or long-scale milliard (109 or ). It has the symbol G. ''Giga'' is derived from the Greek word (''gígas''), meaning "giant". The ''Oxford English Dic ...

- traversed edges per second). Richard Murphy from

Sandia National Laboratories Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), also known as Sandia, is one of three research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Headquartered in Kirtland Air Force Bas ...

, says that "The Graph500's goal is to promote awareness of complex data problems", instead of focusing on computer benchmarks like HPL (High Performance Linpack), which

TOP500 The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non- distributed computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these updates always coinci ...

is based on. Despite its name, there were several hundreds of systems in the rating, growing up to 174 in June 2014. The algorithm and implementation that won the championship is published in the paper titled "Extreme scale breadth-first search on supercomputers". There is also list Green Graph 500, which uses same performance metric, but sorts list according to performance per Watt, like

Green 500 The Green500 is a biannual ranking of supercomputers, from the TOP500 list of supercomputers, in terms of energy efficiency. The list measures performance per watt using the TOP500 measure of high performance LINPACK benchmarks at double-precisio ...

works with

(HPL).

Benchmark

The benchmark used in Graph500 stresses the communication subsystem of the system, instead of counting double precision floating-point. It is based on a breadth-first search in a large undirected graph (a model of

Kronecker graph Kronecker graphs are a construction for generating graphs for modeling systems. The method constructs a sequence of graphs from a small base graph by iterating the Kronecker product. A variety of generalizations of Kronecker graphs exist. The Grap ...

with average degree of 16). There are three computation kernels in the benchmark: the first kernel is to generate the graph and compress it into sparse structures CSR or CSC (Compressed Sparse Row/Column); the second kernel does a parallel BFS search of some random vertices (64 search iterations per run); the third kernel runs a single-source shortest paths (SSSP) computation. Six possible sizes (Scales) of graph are defined: toy (2²⁶ vertices; 17 GB of RAM), mini (2²⁹; 137 GB), small (2³²; 1.1 TB), medium (2³⁶; 17.6 TB), large (2³⁹; 140 TB), and huge (2⁴²; 1.1 PB of RAM). The reference implementation of the benchmark contains several versions: * serial high-level in

GNU Octave GNU Octave is a high-level programming language primarily intended for scientific computing and numerical computation. Octave helps in solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a lan ...

* serial low-level in C * parallel C version with usage of

OpenMP OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) is an application programming interface (API) that supports multi-platform shared-memory multiprocessing programming in C, C++, and Fortran, on many platforms, instruction-set architectures and operating syst ...

* two versions for Cray-XMT * basic

MPI MPI or Mpi may refer to: Science and technology Biology and medicine * Magnetic particle imaging, an emerging non-invasive tomographic technique * Myocardial perfusion imaging, a nuclear medicine procedure that illustrates the function of the hear ...

version (with MPI-1 functions) * optimized MPI version (with MPI-2 one-sided communications) The implementation strategy that have won the championship on the Japanese K computer is described in.

Top 10 ranking

2022

According to November 2022 release of the list:

2020

Arm-based Fugaku took the top spot of the list.

2016

According to June 2016 release of the list:

2014

According to June 2014 release of the list:

2013

According to June 2013 release of the list:

References

External links

* {{Official website
June 2014 Graph 500

Introducing the Graph 500
paper by Sandia Supercomputer benchmarks Top lists