HMS Hussar (1799)

HMS ''Hussar'' was a 38-gun fifth-rate ''Amazon''-class frigate of the Royal Navy. Launched at the end of 1799, the entirety of the frigate's career was spent serving in the English Channel and off the coast of Spain. ''Hussar'' primarily served as a convoy escort and cruiser, in which occupation the frigate took several prizes, including the French privateer ''Le General Bessieres''. Towards the end of 1803 ''Hussar'' was sent to serve in Sir Edward Pellew's Ferrol squadron. On 8 February 1804 ''Hussar'' was returning to England with dispatches when the ship was wrecked off the coast of ÃŽle de Sein. The crew attempted to sail for home in a fleet of commandeered boats, but the majority were forced to go into Brest to avoid sinking in bad weather, where they were made prisoners of war.

Design and construction

''Hussar'' was a 38-gun, 18-pounder, fifth-rate ''Amazon''-class frigate. The ship was one of two built to the design, along with the namesake of the class HMS ''Amazon''. The ships were drawn up by the Surveyor of the Navy Sir William Rule, who submitted the design on 19 April 1796. They were an enlarged version of a previous design by Rule, the 38-gun HMS ''Naiad''. ''Naiad'' was in turn an expanded version of another, older, Rule ship class, this being the ''Amazon'' class designed in 1794.

''Hussar'' was ordered on 15 February 1797 to be built at Woolwich Dockyard by shipwright John Tovery. The ship was originally planned to be named ''Hyaena'', but this was changed on 24 January 1798. ''Hussar'' was laid down in August of the latter year, and launched on 1 June 1799 with the following dimensions: along the upper deck, at the keel, with a beam of and a depth in the hold of . The ship had a draught of forward and aft, and measured 1,042 tons burthen. The fitting out process was completed in the River Thames on 11 November, with the final cost of construction totalling £29,884.

''Hussar''s class was described in sailing reports as "fast and very weatherly", as well as being highly manoeuvrable. They were capable of reaching up to and showed superior sailing qualities to most other vessels, especially when in a "stiff breeze". The ships were, however, known for "deep and uneasy rolling and pitching", which naval historian Robert Gardiner suggests was because they were built very stiffly.

The frigate had a crew complement of 284, which would later be raised to 300, and held twenty-eight 18-pounder guns on the upper deck. Rule had originally planned for the quarterdeck to hold eight 9-pounder guns and the forecastle to hold a further two, but on 6 May 1797 six 32-pounder carronades were added to the quarterdeck armament and two more to the forecastle. ''Hussar''s armament was changed again on 17 June 1799, with all but two 9-pounders on each of the quarterdeck and forecastle replaced by more carronades. This resulted in a final armament of twelve 32-pounder carronades and two 9-pounder guns on the quarterdeck, and two 32-pounder carronades and two 9-pounder guns on the forecastle, in addition to ''Hussar''s main 18-pounder guns.

Service

''Hussar'' was commissioned by Captain Lord Garlies in November 1799, for service in the English Channel and off the coast of Ireland as part of the Cork Station. ''Hussar'' was in company with the 38-gun frigate HMS ''Loire'' and 16-gun schooner HMS ''Milbrook'' on 17 May 1800 when the three ships recaptured the British merchant ship ''Princess Charlotte'' and captured the French schooner ''La Francoise''. ''Hussar'' subsequently sailed to Madeira, returning from there on 9 July. The frigate continued to serve off Ireland, escorting a convoy of ships from west India in to England on 31 October. On 9 November a large gale hit the south coast of England, and many ships in the area were driven out to sea by it and badly damaged. Among these casualties was ''Hussar'', which lost all topmasts and the mizzenmast in the gale, and received considerable hull damage, including the loss of the rudder. ''Hussar'' was brought into Portsmouth with a hoy rigged behind as a temporary rudder. The ship was docked for repairs, which were completed on 28 November.

Having returned to sea, ''Hussar'' continued operating with convoys, escorting the East India Company ships ''Carnatic'', ''Henry Addington'', ''Nottingham'', and ''Ocean'' on the first leg of their journey to Calcutta on 8 January 1801. Then on 2 March the frigate captured the French 4-gun privateer ''Le General Bessieres'' in the Atlantic Ocean. The French warship had been attempting to sail from Bourdeaux to Santo Domingo. ''Hussar'' then recaptured the British merchant ship ''James'' on 12 April. Later on in the same month Garlies was replaced in command of ''Hussar'' by Captain John Giffard, but he in turn gave command over to Captain William Brown soon afterwards. Brown also served in ''Hussar'' only briefly, with Captain John Ommanney soon taking over from him on a temporary basis, with the frigate continuing to serve in the English Channel. On 22 May the 54-gun fourth-rate HMS ''Madras'' attempted to enter Portsmouth, but grounded on Bembridge Ledge. ''Hussar'' joined with the 24-gun post ship HMS ''Eurydice'' and together they pulled ''Madras'' off without damaging the ship.

''Hussar'' received a refit at Plymouth Dockyard between May and November 1802, and was recommissioned in June by Captain Philip Wilkinson, who had joined the ship in May. The frigate was sent to serve in the North Sea and English Channel. On 10 January 1803 the frigate's gunnery storeroom caught fire while anchored near Sheerness. The fire was close to the ship's magazine and while it did not reach it, some other combustible matter did explode. In reaction to this ''Hussar''s crew ran onto the quarterdeck, from where one small boat was hanging off the rear of the ship. Too many people attempted to board the boat to escape the explosion, causing the davit to break and all in the boat to be thrown into the water. Two master's mates, a midshipman, fourteen seamen, and a woman were drowned. No more explosions on ''Hussar'' occurred and Wilkinson was able to stop the fire from spreading or from doing serious damage to the frigate.

When the Napoleonic Wars began in May 1803, ''Hussar'' was based at Spithead, and was quickly sent out into the Bay of Biscay. On 23 June ''Hussar'' was sailing in sight of the British privateer ''Trimmer'' when the latter captured the French brig ''La Flore'', for which ''Hussar'' shared in the prize money of. The frigate then underwent a refit at Plymouth, in which new masts and rigging were put in place, that was completed on 29 October. The ship briefly returned on 17 November to repair damage received in a large storm while cruising. ''Hussar'' continued on station after this, and in the winter was sent to join a squadron serving off the coast of Spain at Ferrol.

On 6 February 1804 ''Hussar'' was ordered to sail back to England from Ares Bay carrying the dispatches of Captain Sir Edward Pellew, the commander of the squadron. While doing so the frigate was also to make contact with the Channel Fleet which was stationed off Cape Finisterre. In the course of this errand ''Hussar'' was wrecked off the coast of ÃŽle de Sein in the late evening of 8 February. The crew were not harmed and they landed on the island, taking it over from the fishermen who lived there. In the morning of 10 February Wilkinson sent a party out to burn ''Hussar'', the wreck of which was still intact. Upon the completion of this task Wilkinson set sail in his barge, with the rest of the crew in thirteen commandeered fishing boats, intending to sail for England. The fishing boats, however, were found to be in very poor condition and they were all forced to sail into Brest to avoid being lost at sea as the weather worsened. There they surrendered themselves to the French fleet present in port.

Wilkinson's barge, which had been leading the fishing boats before being lost in the rain, was not affected by these problems, and he reached the 36-gun frigate HMS ''Sirius'' which took him in, arriving at Portsmouth on 28 February. The rest of ''Hussar''s crew were incarcerated as prisoners of war for ten years. Two members of the crew, Midshipman Henry Ashworth and Master's Mate Donat Henchy O'Brien, succeeded in escaping from the prison of Bitche Citadel in November 1808 by stealing a boat and making their way to Trieste, from where they and another naval officer were picked up by a raiding party from the 32-gun frigate HMS ''Amphion''.

Prizes

Notes and citations

Notes

Citations

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hussar (1799)
1799 ships
Fifth-rate frigates of the Royal Navy
Maritime incidents in 1804