HMS Cherub (1806)

HMS ''Cherub'' was an 18-gun Royal Navy sloop built in Dover in 1806. She participated in two major campaigns in the West Indies during the Napoleonic Wars, and one major engagement in the Pacific during the War of 1812, all each of which earned her crews clasps to the Naval General Service Medal. The Navy sold her in 1820.

Career

Commander John Ravenshaw commissioned ''Cherub'' in April for the North Sea. ''Cherub'' is listed among the vessels qualifying for prize money arising out of the battle of Copenhagen. On the way there, ''Cherub'' and detained the Danish ship ''Neptunus'' on 30 August. ''Cherub'' sent ''Neptune'' (or ''Neptunus''), which had been sailing from Stockholm to Holstein, into Sheerness. Slightly earlier, she supported the Swedes at the defence of Stralsund and Rügen.

On 29 February 1808 ''Cherub'' sailed for the Leeward Islands. From April to mid-June 1808 ''Cherub'' and cruised in company, and agreed to share any prizes they captured. Around 9 May ''Cherub'' captured the privateer schooner ''Vaillante'', Dubois, master, which was armed with swivel guns and small arms. Her crew abandoned her and escaped ashore, leaving behind one man who was sick and who died the next day. ''Cherub'' and ''Nimrod'' then used the schooner as a tender. On 17 May ''Nimrod'' captured a Spanish schooner carrying hides, cocoa, and indigo. She was the ''Esther'', sailing from La Guayra to Teneriffe. Lastly, on 22 May, ''Cherub'' and ''Nimrod'' jointly captured a Spanish letter of marque brig after a brief exchange of fire when the British sent in a boarding party in boats after her crew had run her ashore. She was armed with two guns and four howitzers but her crew abandoned her before the boarding party arrived. She had been carrying a cargo of cocoa from Cumano to Barcelona when the British intercepted her. The British were able to retrieve her, though not without difficulty. ''Nimrod'' then took the prizes into St Thomas. There the estimates were that the brig's cargo was worth about $20,000, and the Spanish schooner about $1200.

On 20 November , , ''Cherub'', , and ''Unique'' participated in the capture of , ''Intrepid'', and ''Mary and Allen''. The last prize money was paid in 1839.{{refn, A first-class share of the distribution for the ''Mary and Ellen'' was worth £3 17s {{frac, 8, 1, 2 d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 1s 6d. Prize money for ''Intrepid'' and ''Bonetta'' was paid in 1814,{{London Gazette, issue=16843, page=112, date=11 January 1814 and 1839.{{efn, A first–class share for the capture of ''Intrepid'' and ''Bonetta'' was worth £8 7 s 8 d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 3s 2d. In December Commander Thomas Tudor Tucker transferred from {{HMS, Epervier, 1803, 2 to take command of ''Cherub''.

On 23 January 1809 Captain William Maude of {{HMS, Jason, 1804, 2 returned to his station off Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, where he had left ''Cherub'' to watch the French frigate that was taking shelter there.

''Cherub'' then took part in the invasion of Martinique as part of the force under Vice-Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane and Lieutenant-General George Beckwith, who collected 29 ships and 10,000 men. ''Cherub'' and {{HMS, Pelorus, 1808, 2 carried a detachment of troops from the 63rd Regiment of Foot which they disembarked at Corbet and which marched on St Pierre. The British force overwhelmed the French defenders at Martinique in February. Ultimately, 42 British warships shared in the prize money for Martinique. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) with clasp "Martinique" to all surviving claimants from the campaign.

In early June 1809 ''Cherub'' and {{HMS, Julia, 1806, 2 sailed into the anchorage at Basse-Terre to cut out two French frigates lying there under the protection of a fort and some batteries. As they sailed in they were subject to fire from shore batteries, which had no effect. The wind suddenly failed the British vessels, which were nevertheless able to extricate themselves from the situation with no losses or damage, but no success either.

On 18 June {{HMS, Latona, 1781, 2 and ''Cherub'' captured one of the French frigates, {{ship, French frigate, Félicité, 1785, 2. At the time of her capture, ''Félicité'' was armed with only 14 guns, but had 174 men on board. She had left Guadeloupe in company with another frigate and was sailing to France with colonial produce. The second frigate escaped through superior sailing despite ''Cherub'' having conducted a long chase. {{HMS, Bonne Citoyenne, 1796, 6 captured the second frigate, {{HMS, Furieuse, 1809, 2, on 5 July 1809. ''Latona'' and ''Cherub'' shared the prize money with the other vessels that had formed the blockade of the Saintes, ''Amaranthe'', ''Blonde'', {{HMS, Curieux, 1804, 2, {{HMS, Haughty, 1804, 2, ''Julia'', and {{HMS, Morne Fortunee, 1808, 2.

Next, ''Cherub'' took part in the invasion of Guadeloupe in early 1810. This time 50 vessels shared in the prize money.{{efn, A naval first-class share of the prize money was worth £113 3 s {{frac, 1, 3, 4 d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth £1 9s {{frac, 5, 1, 4d. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) with clasp "Guadaloupe" to all surviving claimants from the campaign.

On 1 August 1811 Tucker received promotion to post captain.Marshall (1828), Supplement, Part 2, pp. 419-429. ''Cherub'' was reclassed as a sixth rate to permit him to continue in command.{{sfnp, Winfield , 2008, p=260-261

''Cherub'' remained on the Leeward Islands station until 3 July 1812, when she returned to England for a refit. On this voyage she convoyed some 70 to 80 vessels, or 96. ''Cherub'' arrived in September and the crew received one month's leave; apparently all returned to duty, even though they had been away from Britain for some years and expected to sail again for more years abroad. A newspaper report dated 9 October from Halifax reported that ''Prince of Asturias'', from St Mary's, Straker, master, which ''Cherub'' had recaptured, had arrived there. The account did not specify either the date of recapture nor arrival.

On 19 December 1812 ''Cherub'' left Cork with a convoy of 12 vessels, eight for Brazil, two for Buenos Aires, and one for the South Seas. Several separated and on 12 January {{USS, Chesapeake, 1799, 6 captured ''Volunteer'' and the next day another vessel from the convoy. Still, on 24 January 1813 ''Cherub'' still had seven vessels with her.

''Cherub'' sailed from Rio de Janeiro on 8 July in company with {{HMS, Phoebe, 1795, 2 and {{HMS, Racoon, 1808, 2, sailing around Cape Horn.

The Royal Navy had been under pressure from the Montreal–based North West Company, who were agitating for them to capture the base of their rival, the Pacific Fur Company. At the Galapagos Islands, ''Racoon'' continued on to attack American fur traders at Fort Astoria on the Columbia River, while ''Phoebe'' and ''Cherub'' remained to search for the frigate {{USS, Essex, 1799, 6, which had been attacking the British whaling fleet in the Pacific.

Capture of ''Essex''

{{main, Battle of Valparaiso

On 8 February 1814, ''Phoebe'' and ''Cherub'' found ''Essex'' at Valparaiso. They waited off the port for ''Essex'' to come out. On the afternoon of 28 March, ''Essex'' sailed but she lost her main topmast and anchored near the shore. ''Phoebe'' and ''Cherub'' also anchored and opened fire. The British were armed with long guns, which were more effective at a longer range than the American armament of carronades. As the British anchored out of effective range of the American carronades, the battle was very one-sided and lasted for an hour until Captain David Porter of ''Essex'' struck his colours with 23 dead and 42 wounded on board. On the British ships only five were killed. ''Phoebe'' and ''Cherub'' also captured ''Essex{{'''s tender, {{ship, , Essex Junior, which they then used as a cartel to transport their prisoners to New York. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the NGSM with clasps "Cherub 28 March 1814" and "Phoebe 28 March 1814" to all surviving claimants from the battle.

On 31 May ''Phoebe'' and ''Essex'' set sail for England, finally anchoring in Plymouth sound on 13 November. The Admiralty repaired ''Essex'', taking her into service as HMS ''Essex''.{{efn, A first-class share of a portion of the prize money for ''Essex'' was worth £619 17s; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth £7 13s 6 d. The second distribution occurred on 24 October 1815 for which the value of a first-class share was worth £299 2s 9d; a sixth-class share was worth £3 2s.

In mid-April ''Cherub'' was at Valparaiso taking on supplies. She was planning to sail to the Marquesas Islands in search of the whalers that ''Essex'' had captured.

On 12 June, near the Sandwich Islands, ''Cherub'' recaptured {{ship, , Sir Andrew Hammond, 1800 ship, 2 (or ''Sir Andrew Hamond''); five days later she captured ''Charon''. ''Sir Andrew Hamond'' was a whaler that Porter had captured and left at Nuka Hiva, together with other captured whalers, including ''Greenwich'' and the former British letter-of-marque whaler, USS ''Seringapatam'', the whole being under the command of Lieutenant John M. Gamble USMC. When Gamble made preparations to leave the island, many of his party mutinied. Gamble and seven men (four unfit for duty) escaped and sailed ''Sir Andrew Hammond'' 2500 miles before they had the misfortune to meet up with ''Cherub''.{{efn, A first-class share of the salvage money was worth £72 13 s 5 d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 16s 6d. ''Cherub'' shared the money with ''Phoebe'' by prior agreement.

On 15 January 1815 ''Cherub'' and ''Racoon'' left Rio de Janeiro, escorting a convoy that included the storeships {{ship, , Prévoyante, 1793, 2 and {{HMS, Serapis, 1782, 2, and seven merchantmen, including ''Sir Andrew Hammond''. They left Pernambuco on 6 March, and ''Cherub'' arrived at Portsmouth on 5 May.

Post-war

''Cherub'' was fitted for sea at Portsmouth between August and October 1816. Captain William Fisher commissioned her in August for the West Africa Squadron.{{sfnp, Winfield , 2008, p=260-261

On 17 January 1817, ''Cherub'' captured the Spanish slave ship ''Esperanza''.{{efn, A first-class share for ''Esperanza'' was worth £1166 9s {{frac, 2, 1, 4d; a sixth-class share was worth £10 4s {{frac, 7, 1, 2d.{{London Gazette, issue=18155, page=1248, date=16 July 1825 On 5 March, {{HMS, Bann, 1814, 2 captured the slave ship ''Temerario''; ''Cherub'' shared the prize money for ''Temerario'' with ''Bann''.{{efn, A first-class share for ''Temerario'' was worth £155 14s {{frac, 8, 1, 4d; a sixth-class share was worth £1 3s {{frac, 4, 3, 4d.

In May 1817 ''Cherub'' was at Cape Coast Castle, having come from London via Jamaica. In July she was back at Jamaica from Africa. She arrived back at Plymouth on 11 October.

In October 1817 she was recommissioned under Captain George Wicken Willes,{{sfnp, Winfield , 2008, p=260-261 who was appointed to her 3 October 1817 while she was fitting for Africa. On 15 May 1818, ''Cherub'' captured the Spanish slaver ''Josefa'' (or ''Joseffa'', or ''Josepha''), Buenaventura Llarena, master, off Cape Appollonia. She had purchased 45 slaves, of whom some 35 were aboard, ten having been taken off shortly before ''Cherub'' captured her. ''Cherub'' sent her to Jamaica, then Havana, and finally back to Freetown, Sierra Leone, arriving 26 November. There ''Josefa'', which was in a leaky state, sank on 24 May 1819. She sank long after the 28 surviving slaves had been brought ashore. Although the vessel was clearly engaged in the illegal slave trade, she sank before the court condemned her. Willes had acted without having received instructions under the Treaty with Spain for the Suppression of Slave Trade and the seizure was not made under the Slave Trade Convention. The owner(s) sued Willes for the loss of their vessel and her cargo, winning a judgement of £21,180, which ruined Willes. An accounting of the costs and revenues of the colony at Sierra Leone shows £6740 14s 6d in income from "Captain Willis of H.M.S. ''Cherub''" for an illegal capture.

''Cherub'' was back in Portsmouth on 5 October 1818, having sailed from Jamaica on 5 August and Havana on 15 September.''Lloyd's Marine List''

- accessed 2 December 2013.

Fate

''Cherub'' was sold to Mr. Holmes for £940 on 13 January 1820.{{sfnp, Winfield , 2008, p=260-261

Notes

{{notelist

Citations

{{reflist, 30em

References

* McCranie, Kevin d. (2011) ''Utmost Gallantry: The U.S. and Royal Navies at Sea in the War of 1812''. (Naval Institute Press). {{ISBN, 978-1-59114-504-2
* Mooney, James L. (1976) ''Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, V. 6: Historical Sketches, R Through S, Appendices, Submarine Chasers, Eagle-Class Patrol Craft''. (Government Printing Office).
* O'Byrne, William R. (1849) ''A naval biographical dictionary: comprising the life and services of every living officer in Her Majesty's navy, from the rank of admiral of the fleet to that of lieutenant, inclusive''. (London: J. Murray), vol. 1.
* Rees, Siân (2011) ''Sweet Water and Bitter: The Ships that Stopped the Slave Trade''. (UNHP). {{ISBN, 9781611680171
* Waller, John Augustine (1820) ''A Voyage in the West Indies: Containing Various Observations Made During a Residence in Barbadoes''. (Sir R. Phillips and Company).
* {{cite book , first=Rif, last=Winfield, title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates, publisher=Seaforth, year=2008, isbn=978-1861762467

{{Cormorant class ship-sloop

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cherub (1806)
Cormorant-class ship-sloops
Ships built in Kent
War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom
1806 ships
Ships of the West Africa Squadron