HMS Alexander (1778)

HMS ''Alexander'' was a 74-gun third-rate of the Royal Navy. She was launched at Deptford Dockyard on 8 October 1778. During her career she was captured by the French, and later recaptured by the British. She fought at the Nile in 1798, and was broken up in 1819. She was named after Alexander the Great.

British service and capture

On 13 March 1780, ''Alexander'' and HMS ''Courageaux'' captured the 40-gun French privateer ''Monsieur'' after a long chase and some exchange of fire. The Royal Navy took the privateer into service as HMS ''Monsieur''.

In 1794, whilst returning to England in the company of HMS ''Canada'' after escorting a convoy to Spain, ''Alexander'', under the command of Rear-Admiral Richard Rodney Bligh, fell in with a French squadron of five 74-gun ships, and three frigates, led by Joseph-Marie Nielly.Gossett (1986), p.6. In the action of 6 November 1794 ''Alexander'' was overrun by the '' Droits de l'Homme'', but escaped when she damaged the ''Droits de l'Homme''s rigging. ''Alexander'' was then caught by ''Marat'', which came behind her stern and raked her. Then, the 74 gun third-rate ''Jean Bart'' closed in and fired broadsides at close range, forcing Bligh to surrender ''Alexander''. In the meantime, ''Canada'' escaped. The subsequent court martial honourably acquitted Bligh of any blame for the loss of his ship.

The French took her to Brest and then into their French Navy under the name ''Alexandre''. On 22 June 1795, she was with a French fleet off Belle Île when the Channel Fleet under Lord Bridport discovered them. The British ships chased the French fleet, and brought them to action in the Battle of Groix. During the battle HMS ''Sans Pareil'' and HMS ''Colossus'' recaptured ''Alexander''. After the battle, towed her back to Plymouth.

Return to British service

In 1798 Nelson was detached into the Mediterranean by Earl St. Vincent with , ''Alexander'', , , and . They sailed from Gibraltar on 9 May and on 12 May were struck by a violent gale in the Gulf of Lion that carried away ''Vanguard's'' topmasts and foremast. The squadron bore up for Sardinia, ''Alexander'' taking ''Vanguard'' in tow.

The ''Alexander'' took part in the Battle of the Nile in 1798, under the command of Captain Alexander Ball. On the evening of 1 August 1798, half an hour before sunset, the battle began. She was the second ship to fire upon the French fleet, engaging the flagship, ''L'Orient''. The ''Alexander'' sank three French ships before she had to withdraw due to a small fire on board. The ''Alexander'' was one of the few ships not carrying a detachment of soldiers.

, ''Alexander'', , , and the brig shared in the proceeds of the French polacca ''Vengeance'', captured entering Valletta, Malta on 6 August.

''Alexander'' served in the navy's Egyptian campaign between 8 March 1801 and 2 September, which qualified her officers and crew for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.

Fate

From 1803 she was out of commission in Plymouth, and was finally broken up in 1819.

See also

* List of ships captured in the 18th century

References

Notes

Citations

*
*
* Lavery, Brian (2003) ''The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850.'' Conway Maritime Press. .
* Michael Phillips
''Alexander'' (74) (1778)
Michael Phillips' Ships of the Old Navy. Retrieved 11 March 2007.

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander (1778)
Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
Alfred-class ships of the line
Ships built in Deptford
1778 ships
Captured ships